Turbo emotweni. Amandla engeziwe kodwa izinkinga ezengeziwe

Inani lezimoto ezine-turbocharger ngaphansi kwe-hood likhula njalo. Seluleka ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani imoto enjalo ukuze ugweme ukulungiswa kwe-recharge ebizayo.

Izinjini eziningi zezimoto ezintsha zifakwe ama-turbocharger. Ama-compressor, okungukuthi ama-compressor mechanical, awavamile. Umsebenzi wabo bobabili ukuphoqa umoya owengeziwe ngangokunokwenzeka endaweni evuthayo yenjini. Uma ixutshwe nophethiloli, lokhu kubangela amandla engeziwe.

Esinye isenzo, umphumela ofanayo

Kuzo zombili i-compressor kanye ne-turbocharger, i-rotor inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngomoya owengeziwe. Nokho, kulapho ukufana phakathi kwala madivayisi womabili kuphela. I-compressor esetshenzisiwe, phakathi kwezinye izinto kwaMercedes, iqhutshwa yi-torque esuka ku-crankshaft, idluliswa ngebhande. I-exhaust gas evela kwinqubo yokuvutha ishayela i-turbocharger. Ngale ndlela, uhlelo lwe-turbocharged luphoqa umoya owengeziwe enjinini, okuholela emandleni kanye nokusebenza kahle okuwumphumela. Zombili izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa zinezinzuzo nezingozi zazo. Sizozwa umehluko ekushayeleni eyodwa noma enye cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokwethulwa. Injini ene-compressor ikuvumela ukuthi ugcine amandla akhuphuka njalo, aqala ngesivinini esiphansi. Emotweni ye-turbo, singabala umphumela wokushayela esihlalweni. I-turbine isiza ukuthola i-torque ephezulu nge-rpm ephansi kunamayunithi afiselekayo ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kwenza injini ibe namandla. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukunqoba ukushiyeka kwazo zombili izixazululo, ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuqinisa injini nge-turbocharger ne-compressor kugwema umphumela we-turbo lag, okungukuthi, ukwehla kwe-torque ngemuva kokushintshela egiyeni eliphakeme.

I-turbine iyisimo esiphuthumayo kune-compressor

Ukusebenza kwe-compressor akunzima. Ithathwa njengedivayisi yamahhala yokulungisa. Yebo, ifaka ubunzima enjinini, kodwa uma siqikelela ukuthi sishintsha isisefo somoya futhi sishayele ibhande njalo, maningi amathuba okuthi lizohlala emotweni yethu iminyaka ezayo. Ukwehluleka okuvame kakhulu kuyinkinga nge-rotor bearing. Ngokuvamile iphetha ngokuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-compressor noma ukumiselela entsha.

Endabeni ye-turbine, isimo sithi sihluke. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayilayishi injini, njengoba iqhutshwa amandla amagesi e-exhaust. Kodwa indlela yokusebenza iyidalula emithwalweni ephezulu kakhulu ngenxa yokusebenza emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukulinda imizuzu embalwa ukuze injini iphole ngaphambi kokucisha injini efakwe i-turbocharger. Uma kungenjalo, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokulimala zingase zenzeke, kuhlanganise nokudlala ku-rotor bearing, ukuvuza futhi, ngenxa yalokho, uwoyela wesistimu yokudonsa. Khona-ke i-turbine kufanele ishintshwe kufakwe entsha noma ivuselelwe.

Ukugcinwa kwe-Turbocharger - ukuvuselelwa noma ukushintshwa?

Imikhiqizo eminingi inikeza ama-turbocharger enziwe kabusha. Izindleko zengxenye enjalo ziphansi kunentsha. Isibonelo, enguqulweni edumile ye-Ford Focus, intengo ye-turbocharger entsha cishe. i-zloty. Izovuselelwa kabusha kubantu ababalelwa ku-5. I-PLN ishibhile. Naphezu kwentengo ephansi, ikhwalithi ayikho ngaphansi okuphezulu, ngoba lokhu kuyingxenye ebuyiselwe ukukhathazeka, ehlanganiswe newaranti egcwele. Kuze kube yilapho i-Ford ivuselela ama-compressor esizeni, ungathembela kule sevisi evela ku-Skoda ngezinsizakalo zakho. Esimeni sesizukulwane sesibili iSkoda Octavia enenjini engu-2 hp 105 TDI. i-turbo entsha ibiza i-1.9 zł. I-PLN, kodwa ngokunikeza umenzi i-compressor endala, izindleko zehliswa zibe ngu-7. PLN. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvuselelwa ku-ASO kubiza izinkulungwane ezi-4. I-PLN plus disassembly kanye nezindleko zomhlangano - cishe 2,5 PLN.

Izinsizakalo ezishibhile kakhulu zinikezwa izimboni ezikhethekile ezisebenza kuphela ekulungiseni ama-turbocharger. Nakuba eminyakeni engu-10-15 edlule insizakalo enjalo nayo ibiza cishe izinkulungwane ezingu-2,5-3 ngaphezu kwe-ASO. zł, namuhla ukulungiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kubiza ngisho ne-600-700 zł. “Izindleko zethu zokulungisa kabusha zihlanganisa ukuhlanza, ukuyekisa ukusebenza, ukushintshwa kwama-o-rings, izimpawu, ama-plain bearings, kanye nokulinganisa okuguquguqukayo kwalo lonke uhlelo. Uma kudingekile ukushintsha i-shaft nesondo lokucindezela, intengo ikhuphuka ifike cishe ku-PLN 900, kusho u-Leszek Kwolek ovela ku-turbo-rzeszow.pl. Yini okufanele ngiyinake lapho ngibuyisela i-turbine ukuze ivuselelwe? U-Leszek Kwolek weluleka ukugwema ukufaka okukhawulelwe ekuhlanzeni nasekuhlanganiseni ngaphandle kokulinganisa. Esimweni esinjalo, ukulungisa kungase kube isixazululo esiyingxenye yenkinga. I-turbocharger ekhiqizwe kabusha kahle, ngokobuchwepheshe bokukhanda bomkhiqizi, inamapharamitha afanayo nentsha futhi ithola iwaranti efanayo.

Ukuzilinganisa kuyindlela edla isikhathi futhi kudinga ulwazi lochwepheshe, amathuluzi anembayo kanye nabantu abenza le nqubo. Ama-workshops angcono kakhulu anemishini yokuhlola ukuthi i-turbine isebenza kanjani ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu futhi ilungiselele yona ngokulinganisa okunembile. Enye indlela ukusebenzisa i-balancer ye-VSR enesivinini esikhulu. Umshini onjalo wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuhlola ukuziphatha kwesistimu ejikelezayo ngaphansi kwezimo ezifana nalezo ezikhona enjinini. Kodwa ekuhlolweni, ijubane lokujikeleza lingakhuphuka kuze kufike ku-350 ayizinkulungwane. umzuzu. Khonamanjalo, izinjini zomoya ezinjinini ezincane zihamba kancane, ngobuningi obungu-250 rpm. kanye ngomzuzu.

Nokho, ukuvuselelwa kwe-turbine akuyona yonke into. Ngokuvamile, ukwehluleka kwenzeka ngenxa yezinkinga nezinye izinhlelo ezisebenza ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto yethu. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuxhuma kabusha i-turbocharger elungisiwe, kufanele zisuswe. Uma kungenjalo, i-elementi esanda kufakwa esikhundleni ingase yonakaliswe - isibonelo, uma i-turbine ingenakho ukuthambisa, izodilika isikhashana ngemva kokuqala.

Injini eshajwe kakhulu noma enesifiso ngokwemvelo?

Womabili amayunithi ashajwe kakhulu futhi afiselekayo ngokwemvelo anezinzuzo zawo kanye nokubi. Endabeni yangaphambili, izinzuzo ezibaluleke kakhulu yilezi: amandla aphansi, okusho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli, ukukhishwa kwegesi kanye nezindleko eziphansi ezihlanganisa umshwalense, ukuguquguquka okukhulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokusebenza kwenjini.

I-Xenon noma i-halogen? Yiziphi izibani ezingcono ukukhetha

Ngeshwa, injini ene-turbocharged iphinde isho ukwehluleka okwengeziwe, idizayini eyinkimbinkimbi, futhi, ngeshwa, ubude bempilo obufushane. Okubi kakhulu kwenjini efisa ngokwemvelo amandla ayo aphezulu kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuklama okulula, amayunithi anjalo ashibhile futhi kulula ukuwalungisa, futhi ahlala isikhathi eside. Esikhundleni se-proverbial push, banikeza amandla athambile kodwa afanayo ngokuqhathaniswa ngaphandle komphumela we-turbo lag.

Iminyaka eminingi, ama-turbocharger afakwe ikakhulukazi ezinjini zikaphethiloli zezimoto zezemidlalo namayunithi edizili. Njengamanje, izimoto ezidumile ezinezinjini zikaphethiloli ezine-turbocharged ziya ngokuya zivela ezindaweni ezithengisa izimoto. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zeVolkswagen Group zinesipho esicebile. Umkhiqizi waseJalimane uhlomisa iVW Passat enkulu nesindayo ngenjini eyi-TSI engamalitha angu-1.4 kuphela. Naphezu kobukhulu obubonakala buncane, iyunithi ithuthukisa amandla angu-125 hp. Ifinyelela ku-180 hp AmaJalimane akhipha i-1.8 TSI eyunithi, futhi i-2.0 TSI ikhiqiza kufika ku-300 hp. Izinjini ze-TSI seziqala ukwedlula ezaziwayo ezibizwa nge-TDI-branded turbodiesel.