Ukungqubuzana ngaphansi kokulawula (ngokucophelela).
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyathanda noma singathandi, isimo sokungqubuzana sihambisana nazo zonke izici zomshini ezihambayo. Isimo asifani nezinjini, okungukuthi ngokuthintana kwamapistoni namasongo anehlangothini langaphakathi lamasilinda, i.e. ngobushelelezi bawo. Kulezi zindawo lapho ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kakhulu okuvela ekungqubuzaneni okuyingozi kwenzeka khona, ngakho abathuthukisi bamadrayivu esimanje bazama ukuwanciphisa ngangokunokwenzeka ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusha.
Hhayi kuphela izinga lokushisa
Ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezikhona enjinini, kwanele ukufaka amanani emjikelezweni wenjini ye-spark, efinyelela ku-2.800 K (cishe ngo-2.527 degrees C), nodizili (2.300 K - mayelana no-2.027 degrees C). . Amazinga okushisa aphezulu athinta ukwanda okushisayo kweqembu elibizwa nge-cylinder-piston, elihlanganisa ama-pistons, ama-piston rings nama-cylinders. Lesi sakamuva siphinde siwohloke ngenxa yokungqubuzana. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukususa ngokuphumelelayo ukushisa ohlelweni lokupholisa, kanye nokuqinisekisa amandla anele okuthiwa ifilimu yamafutha phakathi kwama-pistons asebenza kumasilinda ngamanye.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqina.
Lesi sigaba sibonisa kahle ingqikithi yokusebenza kweqembu le-piston okukhulunywe ngalo ngenhla. Kwanele ukusho ukuthi izindandatho ze-piston ne-piston zihamba phezu kwesilinda ngesivinini esingafika ku-15 m / s! Akumangalisi-ke ukuthi ukunakwa okukhulu kunikezwa ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwendawo yokusebenza yamasilinda. Kungani ibaluleke kangaka? Ukuvuza ngakunye kulo lonke uhlelo kuholela ngqo ekwehleni kokusebenza kahle kwemishini. Ukwanda kwegebe phakathi kwama-piston nama-cylinders nakho kuthinta ukuwohloka kwezimo zokugcoba, kuhlanganise nodaba olubaluleke kakhulu, i.e. ongqimbeni oluhambisanayo lwefilimu yamafutha. Ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana okubi (kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kwezakhi ngazinye), izakhi zamandla akhulayo ziyasetshenziswa. Enye yezindlela ezintsha ezisetshenziswayo njengamanje ukunciphisa isisindo samapiston ngokwawo, asebenza kumasilinda amayunithi kagesi esimanje.
I-NanoSlide - insimbi ne-aluminium
Khona-ke, umgomo oshiwo ngenhla ungafinyelelwa kanjani ngokoqobo? I-Mercedes isebenzisa, isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-NanoSlide, obusebenzisa ama-piston ensimbi esikhundleni salokho okuvame ukusetshenziswa okubizwa ngokuthi i-aluminium eqinisiwe. Amapiston ensimbi, alula (aphansi kune-aluminium ngaphezu kuka-13 mm), avumela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukunciphisa isisindo sama-crankshaft counterweights futhi asize ukukhulisa ukuqina kwamabheringi e-crankshaft kanye nephinikhodi elithwalayo. Lesi sixazululo manje sesisetshenziswa ngokwandayo kuzo zombili izinjini zokuthungela inhlansi nezicindezelayo. Yiziphi izinzuzo ezisebenzayo zobuchwepheshe beNanoSlide? Ake siqale kusukela ekuqaleni: isixazululo esihlongozwayo nguMercedes sihlanganisa inhlanganisela yamapiston ensimbi anezindlu ze-aluminium (amasilinda). Khumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwenjini evamile, izinga lokushisa le-piston liphakeme kakhulu kunobuso be-cylinder. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-coefficient yokunwetshwa komugqa wama-alloys e-aluminium cishe iphindwe kabili kune-cast iron alloys (iningi lamasilinda asetshenziswa njengamanje nama-cylinder liners enziwa kusukela kokugcina). Ukusetshenziswa koxhumano lwezindlu lwensimbi ye-piston-aluminium kunganciphisa kakhulu imvume yokukhuphuka kwepiston kusilinda. Ubuchwepheshe be-NanoSlide buhlanganisa, njengoba negama libonisa, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-sputtering. i-nanocrystalline coating on the beararing surface of the cylinder, okunciphisa kakhulu ukuqina kobuso bayo. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqondene nama-pistons ngokwawo, ayenziwe ngensimbi ekhandiwe futhi enamandla kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi ziphansi kunozakwabo be-aluminium, nazo zibonakala ngesisindo somgwaqo ophansi. Ama-piston ensimbi anikeza ukuqina okungcono kwendawo yokusebenza yesilinda, okwandisa ngokuqondile ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngokwandisa izinga lokushisa lokusebenza ekamelweni layo elivuthayo. Lokhu, futhi, kuhumusha ikhwalithi engcono yokuthungela ngokwayo kanye nokuvutha okuphumelelayo kwengxube ye-fuel-air.
