Amafutha Ezokuthutha - Iphampu Yokulekelela

Iphampu yesibaseli noma iphampu yokulethwa kukaphethiloli iyingxenye yesiyingi sikaphethiloli senjini ehambisa uphethiloli ukusuka ethangini ukuya kwezinye izingxenye zesekethe yamafutha. Namuhla, lawa ikakhulukazi amaphampu omjovo (umfutho ophezulu) - izinjini zokujova eziqondile. Ezinjinini ezindala (umjovo kaphethiloli ongaqondile) wawungumjovo oqondile noma ngisho nasezimotweni ezindala i-carburetor (igumbi lokuntanta).

Iphampu kaphethiloli ezimotweni ingaqhutshwa ngemishini, ngogesi noma ngogesi.

Amaphampu Okokhelekayo Aqhutshwa Ngomshini

Futha diaphragm

Izinjini zikaphethiloli ezindala ezifakwe i-carburetors zivame ukusebenzisa ipompo le-diaphragm (ukukhipha ingcindezi engu-0,02 kuye ku-0,03 MPa), elawulwa ngomshini ngendlela e-eccentric (pusher, lever kanye ne-eccentric). Lapho i-carburetor igcwala ngokwanele ngophethiloli, ivalvu yenaliti yegumbi lokuntanta iyavalwa, kuvuleka i-valve esidayisa ipompo, futhi ulayini wokukhipha uhlala ucindezelekile ukubamba isithsaba sisezingeni elibi kakhulu lomshini. Ukuthuthwa kukaphethiloli kuphazamisekile. Noma umshini we-eccentric usaqhubeka (noma ngabe injini isebenza), intwasahlobo elungisa ukushaywa kokukhishwa kwesifutho sepompo ihlala icindezelwe. Lapho kuvuleka i-valve yenaliti, ingcindezi esemgqeni wokukhishwa kwepompo yehla, futhi i-diaphragm, edonswa yiphethu, yenza ukushaywa okukhiphayo, okuphinde kuhlale kumuntu oshayelayo noma kwesigwedlo sendlela yokulawula eccentric, ecindezela intwasahlobo kanye i-diaphragm futhi imunca uphethiloli ethangini ungene egumbini lokuntanta.

futha yegiya

Iphampu yegiya nayo ingashayelwa ngomshini. Itholakala ngokuqondile empompini yomfutho ophezulu, lapho yabelana khona nayo ngedrayivu, noma itholakala ngokuhlukana futhi inomshini wayo wokushayela. Iphampu yegiya ishayelwa ngomshini nge-clutch, igiya noma ibhande elinamazinyo. Iphampu yegiya ilula, incane ngosayizi, ilula ngesisindo futhi ithembekile kakhulu. Ngokujwayelekile, kusetshenziswa ipompo yegiya yangaphakathi, okuthi, ngenxa yegiya elikhethekile, ayidingi izakhi ezengeziwe zokuvala ukuze uvale izikhala zomuntu ngamunye (amakamelo) phakathi kwamazinyo nezikhala phakathi kwamazinyo. Isisekelo ngamagiya amabili asebenzisana ngokuhlanganyela azungeza ezinhlangothini ezihlukene. Bahambisa uphethiloli phakathi kwama-tines ukusuka ohlangothini lokudonsa kuya ohlangothini lwengcindezi. Indawo yokuxhumana phakathi kwamasondo ivimbela ukubuya kukaphethiloli. Isondo langaphakathi legiya langaphandle lixhunywe kushafti oshayelwa ngomshini (oqhutshwa yinjini) oshayela isondo legiya elingaphandle. Amazinyo akha amagumbi okuthutha avaliwe ancipha ngomjikelezo futhi anda. Amakamelo okwandisa axhunywe ekuvuleni kokungena (ukudonsa), amakamelo okunciphisa axhunywe ekuvuleni (ukukhipha) ukuvula. Iphampu eno-gearbox wangaphakathi isebenza nge-discharge pressure efinyelela ku-0,65 MPa. Isivinini sepompo, ngakho-ke inani likaphethiloli othuthwayo, lincike ejubaneni lenjini ngakho-ke lilawulwa yi-valve ye-throttle ohlangothini lokumunca noma i-valve yokukhulula ukucindezela ohlangothini lokucindezela.

Amaphampu kaphethiloli aqhutshwa ngogesi

Ngendawo, bahlukaniswe baba:

• emgqeni amaphampu,
• amaphampu ethangini likaphethiloli (ngaphakathi-ithangi).

Kulayini kusho ukuthi iphampu ingatholakala cishe noma yikuphi kulayini kaphethiloli onengcindezi ephansi. Inzuzo iwukuba lula ukushintshwa-ukulungisa uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka, ukonakala kuyisidingo sendawo efanelekile nephephile uma kwenzeka ukuwohloka - ukuvuza kukaphethiloli. Iphampu engaphansi kwamanzi (In-Tank) iyingxenye ekhiphekayo yethangi likaphethiloli. Ifakwe phezulu kwe-tank futhi ngokuvamile iyingxenye yemoduli yamafutha, ehlanganisa, isibonelo, isihlungi sikaphethiloli, isitsha esingaphansi kwamanzi kanye nenzwa yezinga likaphethiloli.

Iphampu kagesi kagesi ivame ukutholakala ethangini likaphethiloli. Kuthatha uphethiloli ovela ethangini bese ukuletha kupompo yomfutho ophakeme (umjovo oqondile) noma kubajovo. Kumele iqinisekise ukuthi, noma ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu (ukusebenza okubanzi kokuvuleka okuphezulu emazingeni okushisa aphezulu angaphandle), amabhamuza awakhiwa kulayini wokuhambisa uphethiloli ngenxa yesikhala esikhulu. Ngenxa yalokho, akumele kube khona ukungasebenzi kahle kwezinjini ngenxa yokubonakala kwamabhamuza kaphethiloli. Imiphunga ye-bubble ibuyiselwa ethangini likaphethiloli nge-pump pump. Iphampu kagesi iyasebenza lapho ukuthungela kuvuliwe (noma kuvulwa umnyango womshayeli). Iphampu isebenza cishe imizuzwana emi-2 futhi yakha ukucindezela ngokweqile kulayini kaphethiloli. Ngesikhathi sokushisa esimweni sezinjini zikadizili, ipompo iyacishwa ukuze ingalayishi ibhethri ngokungadingekile. Iphampu iyaqala futhi ngokushesha lapho injini iqala. Amaphampu kaphethiloli aqhutshwa ngogesi angaxhunyaniswa ne-immobilizer yemoto noma uhlelo lwe-alamu futhi alawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula. Ngakho-ke, iyunithi yokulawula ivimba ukwenziwa (kokufakwa kwamandla) kwepompo kaphethiloli uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa okungagunyaziwe kwemoto.

Iphampu kaphethiloli kagesi inezingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• imoto kagesi,
• sam nasos,
• ikhava yokuxhuma.

Isembozo sokuxhuma sinezixhumanisi ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zikagesi nenyunyana yokujova ulayini kaphethiloli. Kubandakanya ne-valve engabuyisi egcina udizili kulayini kaphethiloli noma ngabe kucishiwe ipompo kaphethiloli.

Ngokwakhiwa, sehlukanisa amaphampu kaphethiloli ku:

• amazinyo
• i-centrifugal (eneziteshi eziseceleni),
• isikulufa,
• iphiko.

Impompo igiya

Iphampu yegiya eqhutshwa ngogesi ngokwesakhiwo iyafana nepompo yegiya eqhutshwa ngomshini. Isondo elingaphakathi lixhunywe kumoto kagesi oshayela isondo langaphakathi elingaphakathi.

Isikulufa futha

Kulolu hlobo lwepompo, kufuthwa uphethiloli futhi kudedelwe ngama-rotor wamagiya angama-helical ajikelezayo. Ama-rotors azibandakanya nokudlala okuncane kakhulu kwe-lateral futhi afakwa kubude besikhwama sepompo. Ukujikeleza okuhlobene kwama-rotor anamazinyo kwakha isikhala sokuhambisa ivolumu esiguqukayo esihamba kahle kusiqondiso se-axial njengoba ama-rotor azungeza. Endaweni yokungena kukaphethiloli, indawo yokuthutha iyanda, futhi endaweni lapho kuthengiswa khona, iyancipha, okudala ukucindezelwa kokukhishwa okufika ku-0,4 MPa. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, ipompo yesikulufa ivame ukusetshenziswa njengempompo yokugeleza.

Vane roller futha

I-rotor ekhonjiwe kahle (idiski) ifakwe ekheyini lepompo, elinemisele ebusayo ezungeze uzungezo lwayo. Kuma-grooves kufakwa ama-roller nge-sliding, akha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi amaphiko we-rotor. Lapho ijikeleza, kwenziwa amandla we-centrifugal, ecindezela ama-roller ngokumelene nengaphakathi lendlu yepompo. Umsele ngamunye uqondisa i-roller eyodwa ngokukhululeka, ama-roller asebenza njengophawu lokusakaza. Isikhala esivaliwe (ikhamera) sakhiwa phakathi kwama-roller amabili ne-orbit. Lezi zikhala zanda ngokwanda (uphethiloli uyangena) futhi wehle (ushiye uphethiloli). Ngakho-ke, uphethiloli uhanjiswa usuka echwebeni lokungena (lokungenisa) uye ethekwini (esidayisa) itheku. Iphampu ye-vane inikeza ukucindezela kokukhipha okufika ku-0,65 MPa. Iphampu ye-roller kagesi isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zabagibeli nasezimotweni ezilula zokuhweba. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, ilungele ukusetshenziswa njengempompo ethangi futhi itholakala ngqo ethangini.

I-cap yokuxhuma, B - injini kagesi, i-C - into yokumpompa, i-1 - i-outlet, i-dicharge, i-2 - i-motor armature, i-3 - into yokumpompa, i-4 - i-pressure limiter, i-5 - i-inlet, i-suction, i-6 - i-valve yokuhlola.

1 - ukuncela, 2 - rotor, 3 - roller, 4 - base plate, 5 - outlet, ukukhipha.

Futha Centrifugal

Izindlu zepompo zifakwa i-Rotor enezinhlayiya, ehambisa uphethiloli ukusuka enkabeni iye esiyingini ngokuzungeza nokwenza okulandelayo kwamandla we-centrifugal. Ingcindezi esiteshini sokucindezela ohlangothini inyuka ngokuqhubekayo, i.e. cishe ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha (pulsations) futhi ifinyelela ku-0,2 MPa. Lolu hlobo lwepompo lusetshenziswa njengesigaba sokuqala (ngaphambi kwesigaba) esimweni sepompo enamazinga amabili ukudala ingcindezi yokwehlisa uphethiloli. Endabeni yokufakwa kokuzimela wedwa, kusetshenziswa ipompo ye-centrifugal enenombolo enkulu yama-rotor blades, enikeza ukucindezela kokukhipha okungafika ku-0,4 MPa.

Impompo kaphethiloli enezitezi ezimbili

Ngokusebenza, ungathola futhi iphampu kaphethiloli enezigaba ezimbili. Lolu hlelo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaphampu zibe yiphampu yesibaseli eyodwa. Isigaba sokuqala sephampu kaphethiloli ngokuvamile siqukethe iphampu ye-centrifugal enengcindezi ephansi edonsa uphethiloli futhi idale ukucindezela okuncane, ngaleyo ndlela ikhiphe uphethiloli. Inhloko yepompo yengcindezi ephansi yesigaba sokuqala yethulwa endaweni yokungena (ukumunca) yepompo yesibili enomfutho wokuphuma okuphezulu. Okwesibili - iphampu eyinhloko ngokuvamile ihloselwe, futhi lapho iphuma khona ingcindezi yamafutha edingekayo yenzelwe uhlelo olunikeziwe lwamafutha. Phakathi kwamaphampu (ukukhishwa kwepompo yokuqala ngokumuncwa kwepompo yesibili) kunevalvu eyakhelwe ngaphakathi yokukhulula ukucindezela ngokweqile ukuvimbela ukugcwala kwe-hydraulic kwepompo enkulu yamafutha.

Amapompo aqhutshwa umfutholuketshezi

Lolu hlobo lwepompo lusetshenziswa kakhulu ku-complex - amathangi kaphethiloli ahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ethangini elihlukanisiwe kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi sokufaka i-refueling (kwijika) uphethiloli ungachichima ezindaweni ezingaphezu kokufinyelela kokudonsa kwepompo likaphethiloli, ngakho-ke kuvame ukudingekile ukudlulisa uphethiloli usuka kwenye ingxenye yethangi uye kwenye. . Kulokhu, isibonelo, ipompo ye-ejector. Ukugeleza kukaphethiloli okuvela empompini yesibaseli kagesi kudonsa uphethiloli egunjini eliseceleni lethangi likaphethiloli ngombhobho okhiphayo bese uwudlulisela phambili ethangini lokudlulisa.

Izesekeli zepompo ye-Fuel

Ukupholisa uphethiloli

Kuzinhlelo ze-PD kanye ne-Common Rail injection, uphethiloli osetshenzisiwe ungafinyelela emazingeni okushisa abalulekile ngenxa yengcindezi ephezulu, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukupholisa lo kaphethiloli ngaphambi kokubuyela ethangini likaphethiloli. Uphethiloli oshisa kakhulu ubuyela ethangini likaphethiloli ungalimaza kokubili ithangi kanye nenzwa yezinga likaphethiloli. Uphethiloli upholile endaweni yokubasa uphethiloli etholakala ngaphansi kwesiteji semoto. Isipholisi sophethiloli sinohlelo lweziteshi eziqondiswe kubude obude lapho okuhamba khona uphethiloli obuyile. Irediyetha ngokwayo ipholile ngumoya ogeleza uzungeze irediyetha.

Amaphayiphu wokukhipha, i-carbon canister eyenziwe yasebenza

Uphethiloli uwuketshezi oluguquguqukayo kakhulu, futhi lapho luthelwa ethangini futhi ludlula empompini, kwakheka umhwamuko kaphethiloli namabhamuza. Ukuze uvimbele le miphunga yamafutha ekuphunyukeni ethangini nasezinsizeni zokuhlanganisa, kusetshenziswa isistimu kaphethiloli evaliwe efakwe ibhodlela le-carbon elicushiwe. Umhwamuko kaphethiloli owakheka ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kodwa nalapho injini icishiwe, ayikwazi ukubalekela ngqo endaweni ezungezile, kodwa iyabanjwa bese ihlungwa ngesitsha samalahle esicushiwe. Ikhabhoni ecushiwe inendawo enkulu (igremu eyi-1 cishe ngamamitha ayi-1000) ngenxa yokuma kwayo okunezimbotshana.²) ethwebula uphethiloli wegesi - uphethiloli. Uma injini isebenza, umfutho ongemuhle udalwa yipayipi elincane elisuka endaweni yokungena injini. Ngenxa ye-vacuum, ingxenye yomoya owukhiphayo idlula esitsheni sokumunca idlule esitsheni sekhabhoni esicushiwe. Ama-hydrocarbon agciniwe amuncwa, futhi uphethiloli ofakwe uketshezi olumuncwayo ubuyiselwa ethangini ngevalvu yokuvuselela. Umsebenzi, yiqiniso, ulawulwa yiyunithi yokulawula.