imoto yethangi lamafutha

Ithangi lamafutha - isitsha sokugcina uphethiloli owuketshezi ngqo emotweni.

Ukwakhiwa kwethangi likaphethiloli, indawo yalo kanye nezingxenye eziyinhloko nezinhlelo kufanele kuhambisane nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe, izidingo zemithetho yomgwaqo, ukuphepha komlilo, imithetho yokuvikela imvelo.

Noma yikuphi “ukuthuthukiswa” okwenziwe ngumnikazi ethangini likaphethiloli noma ushintsho endaweni elifakelwa kuyo kuthathwa ngabahloli bezokuphepha emgwaqeni “njengokuphazamisa okungagunyaziwe kwesakhiwo semoto”.

Izici indawo ithangi emotweni

Ngaphansi kwemigomo yokuphepha kwe-passive, ithangi likaphethiloli litholakala ngaphandle kwendawo yabagibeli, endaweni yomzimba, engaphansi kokuguqulwa ngesikhathi sengozi. Ezimotweni ezinomzimba we-monocoque, lena indawo engaphakathi kwe-wheelbase, ngaphansi kwesihlalo sangemuva. Ngesakhiwo sohlaka, i-TB ifakwe endaweni efanayo, phakathi kwama-longitudinal spars.

Ithangi elilodwa noma amaningi amaloli atholakala ezinhlangothini zangaphandle zohlaka ku-wheelbase ye-axles yokuqala neyesibili. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokuthi izinqubo zokuhlola iloli, "ukuhlolwa kokuphahlazeka" komthelela oseceleni, ayenziwa.

Ezimweni lapho isistimu yegesi ephumayo idlula eduze kwe-TB, izivikelo zokushisa ziyafakwa.

Izinhlobo zamathangi kaphethiloli nezinto zokwakha

Imithetho yezemvelo yamazwe ngamazwe neyaseRussia ihlale ithuthukiswa futhi izidingo zayo ziyaqiniswa.

Ngokusho kwe-Euro-II protocol, esebenza ngokwengxenye endaweni yezwe lethu, ithangi likaphethiloli kufanele livalwe futhi ukuhwamuka kukaphethiloli emvelweni akuvunyelwe.

Ngenxa yezizathu zokuphepha, imithetho yokuhlolwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwezimoto iyakwenqabela ukuvuza kukaphethiloli emathangini nasezinhlelweni zamandla.

Amathangi kaphethiloli enziwa ngezinto ezilandelayo:

• Insimbi - ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa emalolini. Izimoto zabagibeli ze-Premium zingasebenzisa insimbi eboshwe nge-aluminium.
• Ama-alloys e-aluminium asetshenziswa ngezinga elilinganiselwe ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokushisela;
• Ipulasitiki (i-polyethylene enengcindezi ephezulu) iyinto eshibhile, elungele zonke izinhlobo zokubasa uketshezi.

Amasilinda anengcindezi ephezulu asebenza njengendawo yokugcina uphethiloli ezinjinini zegesi awacatshangelwa kulesi sihloko.

Bonke abakhiqizi balwela ukukhulisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli osebhodini. Lokhu kukhulisa ukunethezeka komnikazi ngamunye futhi kunenzuzo ngokwezomnotho ekuthuthweni kwezimpahla ezikude.

Ezimotweni zabagibeli, inkambiso engekho emthethweni iwu-400 km esiteshini esisodwa sikaphethiloli esigcwele. Ukwenyuka okwengeziwe kwamandla e-TB kuholela ekwenyukeni kwesisindo sonqenqema lwemoto futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ekuqinisweni kokumiswa.

Ubukhulu be-TB bunqunyelwe imingcele enengqondo kanye nezidingo zabaklami abahlela ingaphakathi, i-trunk kanye "nomgqomo" ngaphansi kwabo, ngenkathi bezama ukugcina imvume evamile yomhlabathi.

Kumaloli, ubukhulu nomthamo wamathangi kunqunyelwe kuphela izindleko zokukhiqiza umshini kanye nenhloso yawo.

Cabanga ngethangi leloli elidumile laseMelika iFreightliner, linqamula amazwekazi ngokusetshenziswa okungafika kumalitha angama-50 ngebanga elingu-100 km.

Ungadluli umthamo we-tank futhi uthele uphethiloli "ngaphansi kwepulaki".

Ukuklanywa kwamathangi kaphethiloli esimanje

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izingxenye eziyinhloko zokudlulisela, igiya eligijimayo, uhlaka lomzimba othwala umthwalo, abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili bakhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana namamodeli endaweni eyodwa.

Umqondo "wesiteji esisodwa" udlulela emathangeni kaphethiloli.

Iziqukathi zensimbi zihlanganiswa ezingxenyeni ezinesitembu ezixhunywe ngokushisela. Kwamanye amafekthri, amajoyinti ashiselwe ngaphezu kwalokho ambozwa nge-sealant.

Ama-TB epulasitiki akhiqizwa ngokwakhiwa okushisayo.

Wonke ama-TB aqediwe ahlolwa umkhiqizi ukuze athole amandla nokuqina.

Izingxenye eziyinhloko zethangi likaphethiloli

Kungakhathaleki ukuthi isikebhe sinjani kanye namandla, i-TB yenjini kaphethiloli yomjovo inezingxenye nezingxenye ezilandelayo:

• Intamo yokugcwalisa etholakala ngaphansi kwe-hatch evikelayo neyokuhlobisa eceleni kodonga olungemuva (iphiko elingemuva) lomzimba. Intamo ixhumana nethangi ngepayipi lokugcwalisa, elivame ukuguquguquka noma lokucushwa okuyinkimbinkimbi. I-membrane eguquguqukayo ngezinye izikhathi ifakwa engxenyeni engenhla yepayipi, "egona" umgqomo wokugcwalisa umlomo wombhobho. Ulwelwesi luvimbela uthuli nemvula ukuthi ingangeni ethangini.

I-hatch emzimbeni kulula ukuyivula, iyakwazi ukukhiya elawulwa esihlalweni somshayeli.

Intamo yethangi likaphethiloli yamaloli itholakala ngqo emzimbeni wethangi likaphethiloli futhi ayinawo ipayipi lokugcwalisa.

• Isigqoko sokugcwalisa, ipulaki yepulasitiki enentambo yangaphandle noma yangaphakathi, enezindandatho ze-O noma ama-gaskets.
• Umgodi, ikhefu endaweni engezansi yomzimba we-TB yokuqoqa udaka nokungcola.
• Ukufakwa kukaphethiloli ngesihlungi esakhelwe ngaphakathi se-mesh (emotweni ye-carburetor ne-diesel), etholakala ngaphezu komgodi, ngaphansi kwezinga elingaphansi kwethangi likaphethiloli.
• Ukuvulwa okukhwezwayo okunekhava evaliwe yokufaka imojula yamafutha ezinjini zokujova, inzwa yezinga likaphethiloli elintantayo le-carburetor kanye nezinjini zikadizili. Esembozweni sokuvula okufakwayo kukhona okuvalwe ngamapayipi okudlula umugqa wokuhlinzeka uphethiloli kanye nezintambo zokuxhuma zemoduli yamafutha noma inzwa ye-float.
• Imbobo enekhava evaliwe kanye nepayipi legatsha lokuhamba kwepayipi lokubuyisela uphethiloli ("ukubuyisela").
• Khipha ipulaki maphakathi nomgodi. (Ayisebenzi kumasistimu omjovo kaphethiloli.)
• Ukufakwa okunemicu yokuxhuma ulayini wokungenisa umoya kanye nepayipi le-adsorber.

Ezindaweni zangaphandle zamathangi kaphethiloli ezimoto zikadizili, ama-thermoelements kagesi angafakwa ukuze kushise uphethiloli emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

Ukuklama nokusebenza kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya kanye nesistimu yokubuyisela umhwamuko.

Zonke izinhlobo zamafutha eziwuketshezi zijwayele ukuhwamuka kanye nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa ngevolumu, okubangela ukungezwani phakathi komfutho womkhathi nomfutho wethangi.

Ezinjini ze-carburetor ne-diesel ngaphambi kwenkathi ye-Euro-II, le nkinga yaxazululwa ngembobo "yokuphefumula" ku-cap yokugcwalisa.

Amathangi ezimoto ezinenjini yomjovo ("injector") afakwe izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya ezivaliwe ezingenakho ukuxhumana okuqondile nomkhathi.

I-air inlet, lapho ingcindezi ethangini iyancipha, ilawulwa yi-valve yokungena, evula ngokucindezela komoya wangaphandle, futhi ivale ngemva kokulinganisa izingcindezi ngaphakathi nangaphandle.

Umhwamuko kaphethiloli owakheke ethangini udonswa yipayipi lokungena embotsheni yokukhipha umoya lapho injini isebenza futhi ishiswa kumasilinda.

Lapho injini icishiwe, umhwamuko kaphethiloli uthathwa yisihlukanisi, i-condensate egeleza ibuyela ethangini, bese imuncwa i-adsorber.

Uhlelo lwe-separator-adsorber luyinkimbinkimbi, sizokhuluma ngakho kwesinye isihloko.

Ithangi likaphethiloli lidinga ukunakekelwa, okubandakanya ukuhlola ukucinana kwamasistimu alo nokuhlanza ithangi ekungcoleni. Emathangeni ensimbi, imikhiqizo yokugqwala nokugqwala nakho kungengezwa emvuleni ephuma kuphethiloli noma udizili.

Kunconywa ukuthi uhlanze futhi ushaye ithangi njalo lapho kuvulwa indawo yokufaka ngokukhulula ipulaki yokukhipha amanzi.

Ochwepheshe abacebisi ukusebenzisa "izindlela zokuhlanza isistimu kaphethiloli" ehlukahlukene ngaphandle kokuvula ithangi likaphethiloli, amadiphozithi ahlanjululwe kusuka phansi kanye nezindonga ngokusebenzisa i-fuel intake azongena ezihlungi nasemishini yamafutha.