Izindiza ezihamba phambili eziyi-14 ezinkulu emhlabeni zango-2022

Iyiphi indiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2022? Indiza enkulu izuza ngomnotho wezinga. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba nendiza eyodwa enkulu enamandla ezindiza ezimbili ezincane konga kakhulu ukusebenza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labasebenzi akudingeki liphindwe kabili. Futhi, ukuba nezindiza ezincane ezengeziwe esikhundleni sezinkulu kudinga izisebenzi eziningi eziphansi ukuze zinakekele.

Kukhona nezinye izinkinga zokusebenza. Lezi zici zibaluleke ngokukhethekile futhi zinquma endabeni yezindiza zempi. Izindiza ezinkulu futhi zivumela ukudluliselwa kwamandla amaningi nezikhali ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Umgomo uwukusizakala "ngenzuzo yokuqala yokuhamba". Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokushesha nje lapho ukubaluleka kokuphakama komoya sekuqashelwa, kwenziwa ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe izindiza ezinkulu. Eziningi zezindiza ezinkulu, ezinde futhi ezisinda kakhulu ezezempi.

Eziningi zezindiza ezinkulu nezinkulu zixhaswe ucwaningo lwezempi. Kungalesi sizathu iningi labo lisetshenziswa amasosha. Zimbalwa zalezi zindiza eziguqulelwe ukusetshenziswa emphakathini nakwezohwebo. Nalu uhlu lwezindiza ezinkulu eziyi-14 emhlabeni kusukela ngo-2022.

13. Ilyushin Il-76

I-Il-76 yayiyinjini yokuqala yezindiza ezine-jet yaseSoviet. E-NATO, wathola igama lekhodi elithi Candid. Lesi isithuthi sesu se-turbofan esinezinhloso eziningi se-turbofan esakhiwe yi-Ilyushin Design Bureau. Ekuqaleni kwakuhlelwe njengomkhumbi ozothatha indawo ye-Antonov An-12. Ukukhiqizwa kwaqala ngo-1974 ngokwakhiwa kuka-800. Kanye ne-An-12, wakha umgogodla weSoviet Air Force. Isasebenza namazwe amaningi.

I-IL-76 inamandla okuthwala amathani angama-50. Yayihloselwe ukulethwa kwezimoto ezinzima kanye nemishini ekhethekile. Ingasebenza emigwaqweni yezindiza emifushane, engalungiswanga futhi engagandayiwe. Ingakwazi ukundiza futhi yehlele ngaphansi kwezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu. Isetshenziswe njengendlela yokuthutha yezimo eziphuthumayo ukuze kukhishwe izakhamuzi kanye nokuhlinzeka ngosizo lwabantu kanye nezinhlekelele emhlabeni jikelele.

12. Tupolev Tu-160

I-Tupolev Tu-160 "White Swan" noma "White Swan" iyibhomu elisindayo elikhulu elinesivinini esingaphezu kuka-Mach 2, okusho ukuthi ingandiza ngesivinini esiphindwe kabili somsindo. Inamaphiko okushanela ahlukahlukene. Yakhiwe yiSoviet Union ukuze kulwisane nokuthuthukiswa kweMelika kweB-1 Lancer supersonic swept-wing bomber. Yasungulwa yi-Tupolev Design Bureau. Amabutho e-NATO ayinikeze igama lekhodi elithi Blackjack.

Yindiza yokulwa enkulu kunazo zonke nesindayo kunazo zonke ezisasetshenziswa. Isisindo sayo sokusuka singamathani angama-300. Yaqala ukusebenza ngo-1987 futhi yaba ibhomu lokugcina elathuthukiswa eSoviet Union ngaphambi kokuba lihlukane libe amazwe amaningana. Kunezindiza eziyi-16 ezisebenzayo, imikhumbi ivuselelwa futhi yenziwa ibe yesimanje.

11. Indiza yokuthutha yaseShayina i-Y-20

I-Y-20 iyindiza entsha yokuthutha yaseShayina eyakhiwe yi-Xian Aircraft Corporation ngokubambisana neRussia ne-Ukraine. Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, kwathi i-Y-20 yaqala ukundiza ngo-2013 futhi yangena enkonzweni neChinese Air Force ngo-2016. I-China isiyizwe lesine ngemuva kwe-US, Russia ne-Ukraine ukwakha indiza yezempi yokuthutha amathani angu-200.

I-Y-20 inamandla okuphakamisa amathani angaba ngu-60. Ingakwazi ukuthwala amathangi nezimoto ezinkulu zokulwa. Mayelana nomthamo wokuthwala, iphakathi kweBoeing C-17 Globemaster III enkulu (77 tons) kanye neRussian Il-76 (50 tons). I-Y-20 inebanga elanele lokufinyelela iningi laseYurophu, e-Afrika, e-Australia nase-Alaska ukusuka e-China. Inezinjini ezine ze-Russian D-30KP2 turbofan.

10. I-Boeing C-17 Globemaster III

I-Boeing C-17 Globemaster III iyihhashi elikhulu kunawo wonke e-US Air Force. Yaklanywa nguMcDonnell Douglas, kamuva owahlanganiswa neBoeing ngeminyaka yawo-1990. Yakhelwe ukuthatha indawo ye-Lockheed C-141 Starlifter futhi njengenye enye indlela ye-Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Ukuthuthukiswa kwalesi ndiza esithwala kanzima kwaqala ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Yaqala ukundiza ngo-1991 futhi yangena enkonzweni ngo-1995.

Cishe zingu-250 izindiza ze-Globemaster ezakhiwe futhi ezisetshenziswa yi-US Air Force namanye amazwe amaningana e-NATO, kuhlanganise ne-UK, Australia, Canada, UAE kanye ne-India. Inamandla okulayisha amathani angama-76 futhi ingamukela ithangi lase-Abrams, izithwali zezikhali ezintathu ze-Stryker noma izindiza ezinophephela emhlane ezintathu ze-Apache. Ingasebenza emigwaqweni yezindiza engalungisiwe noma imigwaqo yezindiza engagandayiwe.

9. I-Lockheed S-5 Galaxy

I-Lockheed C-5 Galaxy ithuthukiselwe enguqulweni elandelayo ye-Lockheed Martin. Lena enye yezindiza ezinkulu zokuthutha amasosha. Yakhiwe futhi yakhiwa yi-Lockheed Corporation. Isetshenziswa yi-United States Air Force (USAF) ekuhambiseni amasu amasu ngendiza. I-C-5M Super Galaxy ka-Lockheed Martin iyihhashi le-US Air Force kanye nendiza enkulu kunazo zonke ezisebenzayo. I-Galaxy yabelana ngokufana okuningi ne-Boeing C-17 Globemaster III yakamuva. I-C-5 Galaxy ibisetshenziswa yi-US Air Force kusukela ngo-1969. Isetshenziswe ezingxabanweni eziningana ezifana neVietnam, Iraq, Yugoslavia, Afghanistan kanye neGulf War. Inamandla okuqalisa nokuwa, okusho ukuthi impahla ingafinyelelwa kuzo zombili iziphetho zendiza.

Njengoba ikwazi ukuthwala amathani angu-130, ingathwala amathangi amabili empi e-M1A2 Abrams noma izithwali zezikhali eziyisi-7. Iphinde yasetshenziswa ekusizeni abantu nasekusizeni ezinhlekeleleni. I-C-5M Super Galaxy inguqulo ethuthukisiwe. Inezinjini ezintsha nama-avionics ukuze inwebe impilo yayo idlule u-2040.

8. I-Boeing 747

I-Boeing 747 yaziwa ngesiteketiso sayo sokuqala seJumbo Jet. Ine-"hump" ehlukile endaweni engaphezulu eduze kwekhala lendiza. Kwakuyindiza yokuqala eyindiza enomzimba obanzi eyakhiqizwa iBoeing e-United States. Umthamo wayo wabagibeli wawumkhulu ngo-150% kunaweBoeing 707.

I-Boeing 747 enezinjini ezine inezitezi ezimbili zokucushwa ingxenye yobude bayo. I-Boeing idizayine idekhi ephezulu emise okwe-hump ye-747 ukuze isebenze njengesaluni noma izihlalo ezisezingeni lokuqala. I-Boeing 747-400, inguqulo yabagibeli ejwayeleke kakhulu, ingahlalisa abagibeli abangu-660 esimweni somnotho esiminyana kakhulu.

7. I-Boeing 747 Dreamlifter

I-Boeing 747 Dreamlifter iyindiza ethwala impahla enomzimba obanzi eyakhiwe ngabakwa-Boeing. Yasungulwa kusukela ku-Boeing 747-400 futhi yaqala ukundiza ngo-2007. Phambilini ibiyaziwa ngeBoeing 747 LCF, noma iLarge Cargo Freighter. Yakhelwe ukuthutha kuphela izingxenye zezindiza ze-Boeing 787 Dreamliner zisuka emhlabeni wonke ziye ezimbonini ze-Boeing.

6. Antonov An-22

Indiza ye-An-22 "Antey" e-NATO ithole igama lekhodi "Rooster". Lena indiza yezempi enzima ethuthukiswe yi-Antonov Design Bureau. Inikwa amandla izinjini ezine ze-turboprop, ngayinye ishayela amapheya ophephela abaphendukayo. Ihlala iyindiza ye-turboprop enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngo-1965, lapho ikhishwa okokuqala, kwakuyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Inamandla okulayisha amathani angama-80. Le ndiza yakhelwe ukusebenza ezinkundleni zezindiza ezingalungiselelwe futhi ingasuka futhi yehlele endaweni ethambile. U-Antonov An-22 uyakwazi ukudlula i-Boeing C-17 Globemaster. Yayisetshenziswa ezindizeni ezinkulu zezempi nezokusiza eSoviet Union.

5. Antonov An-124 Ruslan

I-Antonov An-124 Ruslan, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Condor yi-NATO, iyindiza yendiza. Yasungulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 yi-Antonov Design Bureau futhi iseyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke ezokuthutha amasosha emhlabeni. Indiza yokuqala yenziwa ngo-1982, yafakwa enkonzweni ngo-1986. Isetshenziswa yiRussian Air Force. Kunezindiza ezinjalo ezingaba ngu-55 ezisebenzayo.

Kubukeka sengathi i-Lockheed C-5 Galaxy encane kancane. Lena indiza yezempi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ngaphandle kwe-Antonov An-225. I-An-124 inomthamo omkhulu wokuthwala amathani ayi-150. Indawo yezimpahla ingathwala yonke impahla, okuhlanganisa amathangi aseRussia, izimoto zamasosha, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane kanye nanoma iyiphi enye impahla yezempi.

4. I-Airbus A340-600

Kuyindiza yomgibeli ethatha uhambo olude, enomzimba obanzi eklanywe futhi yakhiqizwa inkampani yase-Europe i-Airbus Industries. Ithatha abagibeli abangafika ku-440. Inezinjini ezine ze-turbofan. Iza ngezinguqulo eziningana, i-A340-500 esindayo ne-A340-600 yinde futhi inamaphiko amakhulu. Manje isithathelwe indawo uhlobo olukhudlwana lwe-Airbus A350.

Inobubanzi obusuka ku-6,700 kuya ku-9,000 nautical miles noma u-12,400 kuya ku-16,700 km. Izici zayo ezihlukanisayo izinjini ezine ezinkulu ze-bypass turbofan kanye negiya lokuhlala eliphambili lama-tricycle. Ngaphambilini, indiza ye-Airbus yayinezinjini ezimbili kuphela. I-A340 isetshenziswa emizileni emide edlula ulwandle ngenxa yokungavikeleki kwayo emikhawulweni ye-ETOPS esebenza ezindizeni zezindiza ezinenjini emibili.

3. I-Boeing 747-8

I-Boeing 747-8 iyindiza yendiza enomzimba obanzi eklanywe futhi yakhiwe ngabakwa-Boeing. Lesi yisizukulwane sesithathu se-747 esine-fuselage eyeluliwe namaphiko anwetshiwe. I-747-8 inguqulo enkulu kunazo zonke ye-747 kanye nendiza yezentengiselwano enkulu kunazo zonke eyakhiwe e-US. Iza ngezinhlobonhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko; 747-8 Intercontinental kanye 747-8 Freighter. Izinguquko kule modeli ye-Boeing zifaka izimpiko ezitshekile kanye nengxenye yenjini ethi "sawtooth" ukunciphisa umsindo. NgoNovemba 14, 2005, iBoeing yethula i-747 Advanced ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Boeing 747-8".

2. I-Airbus A380-800

Airbus A380 по-прежнему остается самым большим пассажирским самолетом в эксплуатации, даже спустя почти десятилетие регулярной эксплуатации. A380 настолько велик, что многим аэропортам пришлось изменить свою установку, чтобы приспособиться к его высоте и длине. Это двухпалубный широкофюзеляжный четырехмоторный реактивный самолет. Он производится европейским производителем Airbus Industries. У А380 есть несколько вариантов двигателей. Конфигурация, которую используют British Airways и другие авиакомпании премиум-класса, представляет собой четыре турбовентиляторных двигателя Rolls-Royce Trent 900, которые развивают тягу более 3,000,000 853 469 фунтов. Он может вместить человека в экономическом классе, еще , если есть первый класс.

Sekwakhiwe ama-A160 angaphezu kuka-380 kuze kube manje. I-A380 yenza indiza yayo yokuqala ngomhlaka-27 Ephreli 2005. Izindiza zezentengiselwano zaqala ngomhla ka-25 Okthoba 2007 nge-Singapore Airlines.

1. An-225 (Mriya)

I-An-225 iyindiza ende futhi enkulu kunazo zonke ezake zakhiwa emhlabeni. Idizayinwe i-Antonov Design Bureau, i-An-225 yaklanywa futhi yakhiwa ngeminyaka yawo-1980 yeMpi Yomshoshaphansi kanye neSoviet Union. Ubude bendawo yokuthwala impahla bude kunebanga elihlanganiswe abazalwane bakwaWright endizeni yabo yokuqala. Indiza yaqanjwa ngokuthi "Mriya" noma "Iphupho" ngesi-Ukrainian. Yayakhiwe ekuqaleni njengendlela yokuthutha umkhumbi-mkhathi waseSoviet iBuran.

Indiza iwukuqhubekela phambili komfowabo omncane u-An-124 Ruslan, okuyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke ezokuthutha amasosha emhlabeni. Ifakwe izinjini ze-turbofan eziyisithupha. Isisindo sayo esikhulu sokusuka singamathani angu-640, okusho ukuthi ingathwala impahla ephindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-20 kunezinye izindiza. Iphinde ibe namaphiko amakhulu kunanoma iyiphi indiza.

Eyokuqala futhi okuwukuphela kwayo i-An-225 yakhiwa ngo-1988. Isebenza kwezentengiselwano yi-Antonov Airlines ethwala imithwalo emikhulu ekhokhelwayo. I-airlift inamarekhodi amaningana omhlaba okuletha izinto ezinkulu nezisinda kunazo zonke ezake zithuthwa ngendiza. Isesimweni esihle kakhulu futhi ilungele ukundiza okungenani eminye iminyaka engu-20.

BUYEKEZA

Ikhredithi Yesithombe: Stratolaunch

Meyi 31, 2017; "Indiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni" i-Sttolaunch yaphuma ku-hangar okokuqala ngqa. Iwuphawu oluphambili lwephrojekthi yeSttolaunch ekhuthazwa umsunguli weMicrosoft uPaul Allen. ISttolaunch inezinjini ze-Boeing 747 eziyisithupha, amasondo angu-28 kanye namaphiko angama-385 ft, amakhulu kunenkundla yebhola. Ubude bawo ngamafidi angama-238. Ingathwala amathani angama-250 esisindo. Ibanga layo lingamakhilomitha angama-2,000 we-nautical. I-Staratolaunch yaqanjwa njengendiza ezokwethula amarokhethi ku-orbit.

Ngaphambilini, amaphiko amakhulu kunawo wonke kunoma iyiphi indiza emlandweni kwakungeye-all-wood H-4 Hercules, eyaziwa nangokuthi "i-Spruce Goose"; eyayinobude obufushane obungamafidi angama-219. Nokho, le ndiza yandiza umzuzu nje, ngamamitha angu-70 ngo-1947, futhi ayizange iphinde isuke.

I-Airbus A380 iyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni enezindiza zezentengiselwano ezingaphezu kuka-300 ngosuku. Ukuphakama kwayo kungamamitha angama-239, okungaphezu kweSttolaunch. Uphinde abe nomzimba omude nobanzi; kodwa inamaphiko amancane angamamitha angama-262.

I-An-225 Mriya ingamamitha angu-275 ubude, amafidi angu-40 ubude kuneSttolaunch. Iphinde futhi ime ngamafidi angama-59 ubude, ubude bayo kunezinyawo ezingama-50 zeSttolaunch. I-Mriya inamaphiko angamamitha angama-290 amancane kuneSttolaunch engamafidi angama-385. Isisindo sayo singamathani angama-285, okungaphezu kwesisindo se-Stratolaunch engamathani angama-250. Isisindo esiphezulu sokusuka kweMriya singamathani angama-648, esiqhathaniswa namathani angama-650 eSttolaunch.

I-Sttolaunch isanda kwethulwa. Isakhiwa eMojave Air and Space Port eMojave, California. Kuzodingeka adlule ezivivinyweni eziningana, futhi kamuva izindiza zokuhlola zizokwenzeka. Kuhlelwe ukuthi isebenze ngokugcwele ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi. IStratolaunch kulindeleke ukuthi isingathe umbukiso wayo wokuqala wokwethulwa ngo-2022.

Kuze kube manje (futhi ngethemba kuze kube ngu-2022); I-An-225 Mriya iseyindiza enkulu kunazo zonke esebenzayo emhlabeni!!!

Ezinye zezindiza ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni ezingashiwongo lapha azisakhiqizwa noma zisetshenziswa. Ezinye zalezi ezibalwe ngenhla nazo zinezinguqulo ezithile okungenzeka azizange zibalwe ngenhla. Izindiza ze-Airbus kanye ne-Being zinezinguqulo ezihlukene zobude obuhlukene ngokusekelwe kumqondo ofanayo wokuklama. Uma ucabanga ukuthi ezinye izindiza zehliswe kungahlosiwe, ungangeza lawa maqiniso kumazwana akho.