Abakhiqizi bakamanyolo abakhulu emhlabeni abayi-10

Umanyolo uyingxenye ebalulekile yazo zonke izindlela zokulima. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufuna ukwandisa isivuno noma ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, umanyolo udlala indima ebalulekile engenakuphikwa nganoma yiziphi izindleko. Ukusetshenziswa okufanele komanyolo ngesilinganiso esifanele kungakhuphula umkhiqizo, kunikeze umphumela wokuphela omangalisayo.

Yize ziningi izinkampani zikamanyolo emhlabeni jikelele eziqinisekisa ukuthi izidingo zabalimi ziyafezeka, bambalwa abangathenjwa. Ake sibheke ngokushesha izinkampani zikamanyolo ezisezingeni eliphezulu emhlabeni wonke ngo-2022.

10. SAFCO

Isungulwe ngo-1965 eSaudi Arabia yi-SAFCO, iSaudi Arabian Fertilizer Company inomehluko wokuba inkampani yokuqala ye-petrochemical ezweni. Ivulwe njengebhizinisi elihlanganyelwe phakathi kwezakhamizi zezwe kanye nohulumeni wezwe ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo wokudla ngoxhaso olufanayo. Ngaleso sikhathi, yenza intuthuko futhi esikhathini esidlule isizinze njengenye yezinkampani zikamanyolo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni. Baqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nokwaneliseka kwamakhasimende kanye nokubandakanya ababambiqhaza.

9. K+S

I-K+S AG, ngaphambili eyayiyi-Kali ne-Salz GmbH, iyinkampani yamakhemikhali yaseJalimane ekomkhulu layo e-Kassel. Ngaphandle kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nomkhiqizi omkhulu we-potassium, iphinde ibe ngenye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezikhiqiza usawoti emhlabeni. Isebenza eYurophu naseMelika, i-K+S AG ikhiqiza futhi isabalalise uhla lwamanye amaminerali abalulekile njenge-magnesium nesibabule, emhlabeni wonke. Yasungulwa ngo-1889, inkampani yathatha futhi yahlanganiswa nezinkampani eziningi ezincane zikamanyolo futhi ngaleyo ndlela yaba ingxenye enkulu kanye nenkampani eyodwa enkulu ehweba ngomanyolo namakhemikhali abalulekile.

8. KF Industries

Cishe iminyaka engama-70, imboni ye-CF ayishiyi lutho olufakazela ukubaluleka kwayo ngokuhlinzeka ngamakhemikhali angcono kakhulu kanye nomanyolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Imikhiqizo eseqophelweni eliphezulu, kungaba initrogen, potashi noma phosphorus, inkampani ihweba ngayo yonke ngenkonzo encomekayo. Abantu bathole ukwethenjwa nokuthembeka kumanyolo wabo namakhemikhali ngenxa yekhwalithi yabo enhle kakhulu nemiphumela ephezulu. Banohlu olude lwemikhiqizo yokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nezimboni ehlolwe kahle futhi eyenza kahle.

I-7 BASF

Ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "Sidala i-chemistry", i-BASF isibe enye yezinkampani ezithembisayo zikamanyolo namakhemikhali ezigcine ikhwalithi nobuhle kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yayo. Bahlinzeka ngezinhlobo eziningi zemisoco yokuqala, eyesibili nephezulu kanye namakhemikhali abalulekile adingekayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe isivuno sezitshalo. Baphinde baqinisekise ukuthi imikhiqizo ihambisana nemvelo futhi iyasimama. Ngaphezu kwamakhemikhali, bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zabo kwezinye izindawo ezihlobene nezolimo. Imikhiqizo ye-BASF ye-horticultural nayo ithembekile futhi iletha ikhwalithi enhle kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Kanye nokuphakela izitshalo, baphinde basebenze ukuze bondle izilwane.

6. PJSC Uralkali

Inkampani kamanyolo i-PJSC Uralkali idabuka eRussia kanti isithathe igxathu eliya phambili uma iqhathaniswa nazo zonke ezinye izinkampani zikamanyolo ezisebenza kuleli. Ingomunye wabahwebi abakhulu nabaphakeli bomanyolo namakhemikhali ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile zomhlaba. Izimakethe ezinkulu ezihlinzekwa yilomanyolo wale nkampani zifaka iBrazil, India, China, Southeast Asia, Russia, United States kanye ne-Europe. Esikhathini esidlule, isiphenduke enye yezimboni ezibaluleke kakhulu, ehlinzeka ngomkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikwazi ukuzuza isithombe esibonakala kahle emakethe. I-Potash ores kanye nemithombo yabo iyenza ibe ngowesibili ngobukhulu emhlabeni endaweni ehambisanayo.

5. Amakhemikhali akwa-Israel

Inkampani yamazwe ngamazwe ekhiqiza amakhemikhali eyenza imikhiqizo yeqophelo eliphezulu, okuhlanganisa umanyolo namanye amakhemikhali ahlobene okuthiwa akhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali, ibizwa nge-Israel Chemicals Ltd. Le nkampani, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-ICL, isebenza ngezimboni eziningi, phakathi kwazo ezinkulu ezihlanganisa ezolimo, ukudla kanye nemikhiqizo yobunjiniyela. Ngaphezu komanyolo osezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu, inkampani iphinde ikhiqize inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali afana ne-bromine, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ikhiqiza cishe ingxenye yesithathu ye-bromine yomhlaba. Futhi ingeyesithupha ngomkhiqizi omkhulu we-potassium emhlabeni. I-Israel Corporation, okungenye yezinkampani ezinkulu zakwa-Israeli, ilawula ukusebenza nokusebenza kwe-ICL.

4. Inxeba Lamazwe Ngamazwe

I-Yara International yasungulwa ngo-1905 ngenhloso enkulu yokuxazulula izinkinga zendlala eYurophu, eyayinzima kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Kusukela ngo-1905, i-Yara International ithathe igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili futhi namuhla isibe enye yezinkampani zikamanyolo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ngaphezu kukamanyolo, baphinde banikeze izinhlelo zokondleka kwezitshalo nezindlela zobuchwepheshe zokwandisa isivuno sezitshalo. Baphinde basebenzele ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ngendlela engathinti kabi imvelo ngezinqubo zezolimo. Ngakho-ke, singafingqa ukusebenza kwe-Yara njengokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo zokondleka kwezitshalo, izixazululo zokufakwa kwe-nitrogen, nezixazululo zokuvikela imvelo.

3. I-Saskatchewan Potash Corporation

Izakhi ezintathu eziyinhloko neziyinhloko zezitshalo yi-NPK, okungukuthi i-nitrogen, i-potassium ne-phosphorus. I-Potash Corporation ingenye yezinkampani zikamanyolo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni, ezihlinzeka ngomanyolo wezinga eliphezulu kakhulu kanye nezakhi ezibalulekile zesibili namanye amakhemikhali angandisa isivuno sezitshalo ezihlukahlukene. Imisebenzi yenkampani yaseCanada inomehluko wokuba ingxenye yesihlanu yamandla omhlaba, okuyimpumelelo ngokwayo. Baphinde bahlinzeke ngezinsizakalo zabo emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Asia. Esikhathini esidlule, i-Potash Corp ibambe iqhaza elikhulu ekukhuliseni umkhiqizo futhi ngaleyo ndlela ihlangabezane nezidingo zokudla zomhlaba.

2. Inkampani KaMose

Uma kukhulunywa ngokukhiqizwa nokuthengisa kwe-potassium ne-phosphate, i-Mosaic iyinkampani ehamba phambili emhlabeni. Le nkampani inamagatsha emazweni ayisithupha futhi inabasebenzi ababalelwa ku-9000 XNUMX ababasebenzelayo ukuze baqinisekise imikhiqizo esezingeni ekwazi ukukhiqiza imiphumela yeqophelo eliphezulu. Banomhlaba kaMose eCentral Florida lapho bemba khona i-phosphate rock. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphinde babe nomhlaba eNyakatho Melika lapho bekumbiwa khona i-potash phambilini. Imikhiqizo evuniwe ibe isicutshungulwa ukuze kukhiqizwe imisoco yezitshalo futhi idayiswe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ezibuswa izikhungo zezolimo.

1. Agrium

Njengenye yezinkampani ezinkulu ezisabalalisa umanyolo emhlabeni, i-Agrium isizitholele yona njengenye yezinkampani zikamanyolo ezihamba phambili emhlabeni jikelele. Njengoba umanyolo udlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekwandiseni isivuno, ukuncika kuwo kuye kwaba nemiphumela emibi. Ukwenza izinto zibe lula,

I-Agrium ibamba iqhaza ekukhiqizeni nasekuhlinzekeni ngomthamo omkhulu womanyolo oyisisekelo noyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potash. Le nkampani inezinkampani ezingaphansi eNyakatho Melika, eNingizimu Melika nase-Australia, ezihlinzeka ngomanyolo namakhemikhali asezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baphinde bahwebe ngembewu, imikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo efana nezibulala-zinambuzane, izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-zinambuzane, futhi banikeze izeluleko zezolimo kanye nezindlela zokufaka kubalimi.

Inani eliqondile likamanyolo ensimini lingasiza ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla emhlabeni. Akumangazi ukuthi uma izinkampani eziningi zithi zihamba phambili, izinkampani zomanyolo ezingenhla ziye zafakazela ukubaluleka kwazo ngakho-ke zithole indawo ohlwini lwabayishumi abaphambili.