Izinhlobo zezimpawu zomgwaqo ngo-2022 ezithombeni

Amakhodi Womgwaqo Kazwelonke avumela ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu zomgwaqo ezingamakhulu ambalwa, ezihluka ngokwenhloso, izidingo, indawo, ukuma, nemibala esetshenziswa. Lesi sihloko sichaza izimpawu zomgwaqo ngezincazelo, okukhona kuzo izigaba ezingu-8, ezihlanganiswe ngokusebenza nezici zangaphandle ezihlukanisayo.

 

 

Imithetho yethrafikhi ezimpawini zomgwaqo

Uphawu lomgwaqo yisithombe esisodwa noma umbhalo osendleleni yobuchwepheshe yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha emgwaqeni okutholakala emgwaqweni womphakathi. Afakwe ukuze azise abashayeli nabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo mayelana nokuba seduze noma indawo yento yengqalasizinda yomgwaqo, ushintsho kumodi yethrafikhi, noma ukudlulisa olunye ulwazi olubalulekile.

Izikhombisi zezwe ziyalinganiswa. Izilinganiso zabo ezigcwele zisetshenziswa kwamanye amazwe asayine I-Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals. Izincazelo zazo zonke izimpawu zomgwaqo zinikezwe kuSithasiselo 1 seMithetho yomgwaqo weRussian Federation.

Imithetho yokufaka

Bonke osayizi bezimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nemithetho yokufaka ilawulwa yizindinganiso kazwelonke zamanje ze-GOST R 52289-2004 kanye ne-GOST R 52290-2004. Ukuze uthole izimpawu ezintsha ezithuthukisiwe eminyakeni yamuva, i-GOST R 58398-2019 eyengeziwe yamukelwe.

Amazinga abhekisela ngokukhetha ezindaweni zokufakwa kwezimpawu. Ezinye zazo zifakwe kusengaphambili, ezinye - ngqo phambi kwento noma indawo yokushintsha imodi.

Indawo maqondana nomgwaqo nayo ingahluka. Isibonelo, izimpawu zomzila zitholakala ngaphezu komgwaqo. Iningi lamanye atholakala ngakwesokudla komgwaqo maqondana nezimoto.

Ukubhala

Uma izimpawu zezinhlobo ezahlukene zizofakwa esigxotsheni esisodwa, ukuhlukaniswa okulandelayo kufanele kusetshenziswe: izimpawu zokuqala zokubalulekile, bese kuba izimpawu eziyisixwayiso, izimpawu zokuqondisa kanye nemiyalelo ekhethekile, bese kuba izimpawu zokuvinjelwa. Izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ziwulwazi nezimpawu zesevisi, ezibekwe endaweni efanele noma ephansi kakhulu.

Izigaba zezimpawu zomgwaqo

E-Russia, njengakwamanye amazwe agunyaze i-Vienna Convention on Road Signs, zonke izimpawu zomgwaqo zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezingu-8.

1. Isexwayiso

Inhloso yezimpawu eziyisixwayiso wukwazisa umshayeli ukuthi basondela endaweni engase ibe yingozi emotweni, kwabanye abasebenzisi bomgwaqo noma abahamba ngezinyawo. Umshayeli kufanele acabangele lolu lwazi futhi athathe isinyathelo sokuthuthukisa ukuphepha emgwaqeni. Ngokwesibonelo, yehlisa ijubane, zilungiselele ukuma ngokuphelele, noma ubhekisise unqenqema lomgwaqo. Akunakwenzeka ukwephula izidingo zezimpawu ezinjalo - zazisa abashayeli kuphela futhi azivimbeli noma yikuphi ukuqondisa.

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zingunxantathu ngesimo nomngcele obomvu. Ingemuva eliyinhloko limhlophe futhi izithombe zimnyama. Okuhlukile yilezo ezazisa mayelana nokuwela izinga futhi ezibonisa isiqondiso sokujika.

2. Ukwenqabela

Izimpawu zokwenqatshelwa zibonisa ukwenqatshelwa ngokuphelele kwanoma yikuphi ukuqondisa - ukudlula, ukuma, ukuphenduka, ukujika endaweni, ukudlula, njll. Ukwephulwa kwezidingo zalezi zimpawu kuwukwephulwa kwemithetho yomgwaqo futhi kujeziswa ngenhlawulo. Izimpawu ezikhansela ukuvinjelwa okwakubekwe ngaphambilini nazo zifakiwe kuleli qembu.

Zonke izimpawu zaleli qembu zinesimo esiyindilinga, futhi umbala oyinhloko umhlophe. Izimpawu ezivimbelayo zinomngcele obomvu, futhi izimpawu ezivimbelayo zinomngcele omnyama. Imibala esetshenziswe ezithombeni ibomvu, imnyama, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Izimpawu zaleli qembu zifakwa phambi kwezimpambanomgwaqo kanye nokujikajika kwazo futhi, uma kunesidingo, zingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-25 phakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala futhi zingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-50 ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala. Ukwenqatshelwa kuyeka ukusebenza ngemva kophawu oluhambisanayo noma umgwaqo.

3. Izimpawu zokuhamba phambili

Isetshenziselwa ukunquma ukuhleleka kokudlula kwezimpambanomgwaqo ezingalawulwa, izimpambanondlela nezingxenye zemigwaqo ezinobubanzi obanele. Lokhu kufaka phakathi izimpawu zakudala zokuthi "nikeza indlela kuqala", "umgwaqo omkhulu", njll.

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo zikhishwa ohlelweni olujwayelekile lwesithombe - zingaba noma yikuphi ukuma, futhi imibala esetshenzisiwe ibomvu, emnyama, emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokuphuzi. Izimpawu ezibalulekile zifakwa ngokushesha ngaphambi kokuqala komgwaqo omkhulu, ukuphuma, ukushintshwa, ukuphambana kwemigwaqo. Uphawu "Ukuphela komgwaqo omkhulu" lufakwe ngaphambi kwendawo yokugcina yomgwaqo omkhulu.

4. Imiyalelo

Izimpawu zesikhombisi-ndlela zibonisa isibopho sokwenza okuthile, njengokujika noma ukushayela uqonde phambili. Ukwehluleka ukuthobela le mfuneko kuthathwa njengokuphulwa kwethrafikhi futhi kujeziswa ngenhlawulo.

Izindlela zamabhayisikili nabahamba ngezinyawo nazo zimakwe ngalezi zimpawu. Ngaphezulu kuleli cala, abahamba ngezinyawo kuphela noma abagibeli bamabhayisikili abavunyelwe ukunyakaza.

Izimpawu ezinqunyiwe ngokuvamile zimise okwendingiliza ngengemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Okuhlukile yi-Dangerous Goods Direction, enomumo ongunxande.

Izimpawu eziphoqelekile zifakwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwesigaba esidinga ukwenziwa kokuqondisa. Isiphetho siboniswa uphawu oluhambisanayo ne-slash ebomvu. Uma kungabikho i-slash ebomvu, uphawu luyayeka ukusebenza ngemva komgwaqo noma, uma ushayela emgwaqeni kazwelonke, ngemva kokuphela kwendawo yokuhlala.

5. Izimpawu zemithetho ekhethekile

Balawula ukwethulwa noma ukuqedwa kwemithetho yethrafikhi ekhethekile. Umsebenzi wabo uyinhlanganisela yezimpawu ezivumelayo nezinolwazi ezazisa abasebenzisi bomgwaqo mayelana nokwethulwa kwesimiso esikhethekile sethrafikhi futhi ezibonisa ukugunyazwa kwezenzo. Leli qembu lihlanganisa izimpawu ezibonisa imigwaqo emikhulu, izindawo eziphambanayo zabahamba ngezinyawo, izitobhi zezithuthi zomphakathi, izindawo zokuhlala, amabhayisikili nabahamba ngezinyawo, isiqalo nesiphetho sendawo yokuhlala, njll.

Izimpawu zalolu hlobo zisesimweni sesikwele noma unxande, ngokuvamile okwesibhakabhaka. Izimpawu ezikhombisa ukuphuma nokuphumayo kwezimoto zinombala oluhlaza ongemuva. Izimpawu ezibonisa ukungena/ukuphuma ezindaweni ezikhethekile zethrafikhi zinengemuva elimhlophe.

6. Ulwazi

Izimpawu zolwazi zazisa abasebenzisi bomgwaqo mayelana nendawo yezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokwethulwa kwemithetho yokushayela eyisibopho noma enconyiwe. Lolu hlobo lophawu lwazisa abashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo ngendawo yokuwela abahamba ngezinyawo, imigwaqo, amadolobha namadolobhana, izitobhi zamabhasi, imifula, iminyuziyamu, amahhotela, njll.

Izimpawu zolwazi ngokuvamile ziba ngonxande nezikwele ezinengemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eliluhlaza noma elimhlophe. Ukuze uthole izimpawu zolwazi lwesikhashana, ingemuva eliphuzi lisetshenziswa.

7. Izimpawu zesevisi

Izimpawu zesevisi ezezinjongo zolwazi kuphela futhi aziqukethe iziqondiso zabasebenzisi bomgwaqo. Inhloso yabo ukwazisa abashayeli noma abahamba ngezinyawo ngendawo yezindawo zosizo ezifana nezibhedlela, amagalaji kaphethiloli, izingcingo zomphakathi, izindawo zokuwasha izimoto, amagalaji kaphethiloli, izindawo zokungcebeleka, njll.

Amamaki esevisi asesimweni sikanxande oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lapho ngaphakathi kubhalwe isikwele esimhlophe esinesithombe noma okubhaliwe. Ezimweni zasemadolobheni, izimpawu zesevisi zitholakala endaweni eseduze yento; emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni, atholakala ebangeni elingamamitha angamakhulu amaningana kuya emashumini amaningana amakhilomitha ukusuka entweni ngokwayo. Izimpawu zolwazi olwengeziwe zisetshenziselwa ukukhombisa ibanga eliqondile.

8. Izimpawu ezinolwazi olwengeziwe (amapuleti)

Kusetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nomlingiswa oyinhloko. Inhloso yalezi zimpawu ukukhawulela noma ukucacisa uphawu lomgwaqo omkhulu. Angase futhi aqukathe ulwazi olwengeziwe olubalulekile kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo.

Izimpawu zisesimweni sikanxande omhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi isikwele. Izithombe noma imibhalo ezimpawini zenziwe ngombala omnyama. Izimpawu eziningi zolwazi olwengeziwe zitholakala ngaphansi kophawu oluyinhloko. Ukuze ungalayishi umshayeli ngolwazi, akukho zimpawu ezingaphezu kwezimbili ezingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nophawu oluyinhloko ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ithebula lohlamvu

Thayipha	Ukuqokwa	Ifomu	Izibonelo
Okuza kuqala	Ukubeka kuqala ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo, ekuphendukeni kwe-U nakwezinye izindawo eziyingozi	Kungaba yimuphi umumo, sebenzisa umngcele obomvu noma omnyama	"Hambisa indlela", "umgwaqo omkhulu", "akukho ukuma".
Izimpawu eziyisixwayiso	Ixwayisa ngokusondela engxenyeni yomgwaqo eyingozi	Unxantathu omhlophe onomngcele obomvu, ngaphandle kwezinkomba zendlela nokuwela izinga	"I-Steep Descent", "Steep Hill", "Slippery Road", "Wild Animals", "Roadwork", "Izingane".
Vimbela	Vimbela ukuqondisa okuthile, futhi ubonise ukukhanselwa kokuvinjelwa	Umumo oyindilinga, onomngcele obomvu obonisa ukuvinjelwa, nomngcele omnyama obonisa ukuphakanyiswa kokuvinjelwa.	"Akukho Okungenayo", "Akukho Ukudlula", "Umkhawulo Wesisindo", "Akukho Ukujika", "Akukho Ukupaka", "Qeda Yonke Imikhawulo".
Okokuqala	Isincomo sokuqondisa okuthile	Ngokuvamile umbuthano oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kodwa izinketho eziwunxande nazo zingenzeka	"Iqondile", "I-Roundabout", "I-Sidewalk".
Izihlinzeko Ezikhethekile	Ukusungula noma ukukhansela izindlela zokushayela	Onxande abamhlophe, abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma abaluhlaza	"Uthelawayeka", "Ukuphela Komgwaqo onguthelawayeka", "I-Tram Stop", "Izimbobo Zokwenziwa", "Ukuphela Kwendawo yabahamba ngezinyawo".
Imininingwane	Nikeza ulwazi mayelana nezindawo zokuhlala nezinye izindawo, kanye nemikhawulo yesivinini.	Unxande noma isikwele, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omhlophe noma ophuzi.	"Igama lento", "Underpass", "Blind spot", "Distance indicator", "Stop line".
Izimpawu zesevisi	Ixwayisa ngendawo yezinto zesevisi	Unxande oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nesikwele esimhlophe esibhaliwe.	"Ifoni", "Isibhedlela", "Amaphoyisa", "Ihhotela", "Iposi Lomgwaqo", "Igalaji Lophethiloli".
ulwazi olwengeziwe	Cacisa ulwazi kwezinye izimpawu futhi unikeze ulwazi olwengeziwe kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo	Amise okwephaneli anengemuva elimhlophe nombhalo omnyama noma ihluzo.	“Abahamba ngezinyawo abayizimpumputhe”, “Iloli elisebenzayo”, “Isikhathi sokusebenza”, “Indawo yokusebenza”, “Ibanga lokuya endaweni yesigameko”.

Izimpawu ezintsha

Ngo-2019, kwamukelwa indinganiso kazwelonke entsha ye-GOST R 58398-2019, okuthe, ikakhulukazi, yethula izimpawu zomgwaqo ezintsha zokuhlola. Manje abashayeli kuzodingeka bajwayelane nezimpawu ezintsha, ngokwesibonelo, ukuvinjelwa kokungena ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo uma kuba nesiminyaminya, ukuphindwaphindwa kwezimpawu “ze-waffle”. Kuzophinde kube nezimpawu ezintsha zolayini abazinikele kwezokuthutha umphakathi, izimpawu zomzila omusha, njll.

Akubona abashayeli kuphela, kodwa nabahamba ngezinyawo kuzodingeka bajwayele izimpawu ezintsha. Isibonelo, izimpawu 5.19.3d kanye no-5.19.4d zibonisa ukuphambana kwabahamba ngezinyawo okuyi-diagonal.

Ukunakwa

Usayizi omncane wezimpawu nawo uzoshintsha. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ubukhulu bawo akufanele budlule u-40 cm ngo-40 cm, futhi kwezinye izimo - 35 cm ngo-35 cm. Izimpawu ezincane ngeke zivimbele ukubuka kwabashayeli futhi zizosetshenziswa emigwaqweni emikhulu engabizi kakhulu nasemadolobheni angokomlando. izindawo.

Uzihlolela kanjani ulwazi lwezimpawu

Ukuze uphumelele ukuhlolwa, abafundi basezikoleni zokushayela zaseMoscow kumele bazi zonke izimpawu zomgwaqo. Nokho, ngisho nabashayeli abanolwazi badinga ukwazi izimpawu zomgwaqo eziyisisekelo. Eziningi zazo azivamile neze, isibonelo, uphawu "Indiza ezindizayo" ingatholakala kuphela ezindaweni zezindiza. Ngokufanayo, "Falling Rocks" noma "Wildlife" mancane amathuba okuba abashayeli abangahambi ngaphandle kwedolobha bahlangane.

Ngakho-ke, ngisho nabashayeli abanolwazi bazokwenza kahle ukuzihlola ngolwazi lwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpawu zomgwaqo, izimpawu ezikhethekile kanye nemiphumela yokungagcini kwabo. Ungakwenza lokho ngamathikithi akamuva ezimpawu zomgwaqo aku-inthanethi asebenza ngo-2022.