Izinhlobo zamafutha ezimoto: yini ezikhona nokuthi ungazibona kanjani?

Uwoyela wezimoto uyisithako esakhiwe ngamafutha ayisisekelo kanye nezithasiselo ezenza imisebenzi ebalulekile enjinini.

Isibonelo: ukunciphisa ukugqoka okubangelwa ukungqubuzana phakathi kwezingxenye ezihambayo, ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ukuvikela uhlelo ekuphumeni, nokusabalalisa kahle ukushisa kuze kufike izinga lokushisa kwenjini.

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamafutha ezimoto akhona nokuthi ungazikhomba kanjani?

Ngaphambi kokuthenga nokufaka uwoyela wezimoto, naka amakhodi akulebuli yokupakisha. Bazokutshela ngenhloso kawoyela nokuthi uwasebenzisa kanjani kahle.

Ukukhetha umkhiqizo ofanele kungenzeka kuphela uma wazi ukuthi yikuphi ukufaka ikhodi uwoyela wenjini okufanele ube nawo emotweni yakho ngokwezimpawu zemoto ngayinye. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamafutha ezimoto zingahlukaniswa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo. Ake sibhekisise.

Amafutha wezimoto ngokuya ngohlobo lwenjini:

• Uwoyela wenjini kaphethiloli. Lo oyili wezimoto ukhonjwa ngohlamvu S olulandelwe olunye uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu zamagama. Incwadi yesibili imele ikhwalithi yayo, lapho ushayela kakhulu, ikhwalithi kawoyela oyifunayo iyanda. Ngendlela, i-SN inani eliphakeme kakhulu lezinjini zikaphethiloli.
• Amafutha enjini ye-diesel. Amafutha enjini ye-diesel akhonjwa ngencwadi. U-C ulandelwa olunye uhlamvu lwezinhlamvu. Njengamafutha emoto kaphethiloli, izinga lawo linqunywa ukuhleleka kwezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu. Ukumaka kwekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu yi-CJ-4.

Amafutha wezimoto ngebanga le-viscosity:

• Monograde uwoyela wezimoto. Lolu hlobo lukawoyela wezimoto lunebanga elihlukile le-viscosity elingaba ngu-0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50 noma 60. Leli banga lihlala ebangeni lokushisa elizinzile.
• Uwoyela wezimoto jikelele. Lolu hlobo lunama-degree ahlukene we-viscosity kuya ngethempelesha, okukuvumela ukuthi kube mnandi ehlobo futhi kube uketshezi oluningi ebusika. Isibonelo yiSAE 15W-40, igama layo elinencazelo elandelayo: I-15W imelela i-viscosity kawoyela emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Uma le nombolo iphansi, yenza ngcono ukusebenza kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphansi; W kusho ukuthi uwoyela ungasetshenziswa ebusika; 40 imelela i-viscosity kawoyela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Amafutha wezimoto ngokuya ngomkhiqizo wawo... Ngokuya ngohlobo lokukhiqiza, uwoyela wezimoto ungaba ngamaminerali noma owenziwe. Kulezi zimo, awekho amakhodi afanayo (incwadi ethile) anquma ukuthi imuphi uwoyela oyimbiwa futhi owenziwayo. Ilebula kuphela elikhombisa uhlobo lwamafutha athengisiwe.

• Uwoyela wamaminerali wezimoto... Kungumkhiqizo wokucutshungulwa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ngenani elincane lezithasiselo. Isici sikawoyela wamaminerali ukuthi asikulungele kahle ukusebenza ezishintshweni ezinkulu zokushisa, ngoba ingaqina enjinini emakhazeni amakhulu. Lokhu kungadala ukugqokwa ngesikhathi kuqala injini ebandayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-molecule kawoyela wezimoto zamaminerali awafani. Ngenxa yalokho, ngesikhathi esithile, baqala ukuwohloka, futhi uwoyela ulahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo ngokushesha. Kungakho "amanzi amaminerali" edinga ukushintshwa kaningi, ngokwesilinganiso, njalo ngamakhilomitha angama-5 000.
• Zokwenziwa uwoyela imoto... Lokhu kungukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha ayisisekelo asuselwa kuzinto zokwenziwa, kanye nezithasiselo ezinikeza izakhiwo eziwusizo (ukwanda kokuqina kokuqina, ubumsulwa, ukuvikelwa kokugqwala). Amafutha anjalo alungele ukusebenza ezinjinini zesimanje kakhulu nasezimeni zokusebenza ngokweqile (amazinga okushisa aphansi naphakeme, umfutho ophakeme, njll.). Uwoyela wokwenziwa, ngokungafani nowoyela wamaminerali, ukhiqizwa ngesisekelo sokuhlanganiswa kwamakhemikhali okuqondisiwe. Enkambweni yokukhiqizwa kwayo, uwoyela ongahluziwe, oyisisekelo esiyisisekelo, uyakhishwa bese ucutshungulwa ube ama-molecule ayisisekelo. Bese kuthi ngesisekelo sabo kutholakale uwoyela oyisisekelo, lapho kunezelwa izithasiselo ukuze umkhiqizo wokugcina ube nezici ezihlukile.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Yiziphi izinhlobo zamafutha ezimoto? I-Motor (ye-two-stroke kanye nezinjini ezine-stroke), ukudluliselwa, udizili (amayunithi edizili), amaminerali, i-semi-synthetic, i-synthetic.

Imaphi amafutha enjini asetshenziswa ezinjinini zanamuhla? Ngokuyisisekelo, izimoto zanamuhla zisebenzisa i-semi-synthetics (Semi-Synthetic) noma i-synthetics (Synthetic). Kancane kancane, amanzi amaminerali (amaminerali) athululelwa emotweni.