I-photon emnyama. Sesha okungabonakali

I-photon iyizinhlayiyana eziyisisekelo ezihlotshaniswa nokukhanya. Nokho, cishe iminyaka eyishumi, abanye ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi kukhona lokho abakubiza ngokuthi i-photon emnyama noma emnyama. Kumuntu ovamile, ukwakheka okunjalo kubonakala kuwukuziphikisa ngokwakho. Kuzazi ze-physics, lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba, ngokombono wabo, kuholela ekwambuleni imfihlakalo yendaba emnyama.

Ukuhlaziya okusha kwedatha evela ekuhlolweni kokusheshisa, ikakhulukazi imiphumela Umtshina we-BaBarngikhombise lapho i-photon emnyama ayifihliwe, okusho ukuthi ayifaki izindawo lapho ingatholakalanga khona. Ukuhlolwa kwe-BaBar, okwaqala ngo-1999 kuya ku-2008 e-SLAC (i-Stanford Linear Accelerator Center) e-Menlo Park, California, kuqoqwe idatha evela ukungqubuzana kwama-electron nama-positron, ama-electron antiparticles ashajwe kahle. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokuhlolwa, ebizwa I-PKP-II, yenziwa ngokubambisana ne-SLAC, i-Berkeley Lab, kanye ne-Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Ochwepheshe befiziksi abangaphezu kuka-630 abavela emazweni ayishumi nantathu babambisane ku-BaBar ngesikhathi esiphezulu.

Ukuhlaziywa kwakamuva kusebenzise cishe u-10% wedatha ye-BaBar erekhodwe eminyakeni yayo emibili yokugcina yokusebenza. Ucwaningo lugxile ekutholeni izinhlayiya ezingafakiwe ku-Standard Model of physics. Isakhiwo esiwumphumela sibonisa indawo yosesho (eluhlaza okotshani) ehloliwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha ye-BaBar lapho kungatholwanga khona ama-photon amnyama. Igrafu iphinda ibonise izindawo zokusesha kwezinye izivivinyo. Ibha ebomvu ibonisa indawo ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi ama-photon amnyama abangela lokho okuthiwa g-2 okungavamilefuthi amasimu amhlophe ahlala engahlolisiswanga ngokuba khona kwama-photon amnyama. Ishadi nalo liyacabangela isilingo NA64yenziwe e-CERN.

Isithombe. UMaximilian Bris/CERN

Njenge-photon evamile, i-photon emnyama izodlulisa amandla kagesi phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezimnyama. Ingase futhi ibonise isibopho esinamandla esibuthakathaka ngendaba evamile, okusho ukuthi ama-photon amnyama angakhiqizwa ngokungqubuzana kwamandla aphezulu. Usesho lwangaphambilini lwehlulekile ukuthola imikhondo yalo, kodwa ama-photon amnyama ngokuvamile athathwa ngokuthi abola abe ama-electron noma ezinye izinhlayiya ezibonakalayo.

Ocwaningweni olusha e-BaBar, isimo sacatshangelwa lapho i-photon emnyama yakheka njenge-photon evamile ekungqubuzaneni kwe-electron-positron, bese ibola ibe yizinhlayiya ezimnyama zento engabonakali kumtshina. Kulokhu, kungatholwa inhlayiyana eyodwa kuphela - i-photon evamile ephethe inani elithile lamandla. Ngakho-ke iqembu libheke imicimbi ethile yamandla efana nenqwaba ye-photon emnyama. Akayitholanga ihithi enjalo kuma-8 GeV mass.

U-Yuri Kolomensky, isazi sesayensi ye-nuclear e-Berkeley Lab futhi oyilungu lomnyango we-Physics eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eBerkeley, esitatimendeni sabezindaba uthe "isignesha ye-photon emnyama emtshineni izoba lula njenge-high- amandla photon futhi awukho omunye umsebenzi." I-photon eyodwa ekhishwa uhlamvu lwensimbi yayiyobonisa ukuthi i-electron ishayisane ne-positron nokuthi i-photon emnyama engabonakali ibole yaba izinhlayiya ezimnyama zento, ezingabonakali kumtshina, zizibonakalisa ngaphandle kwamanye amandla ahambisana nawo.

I-photon emnyama iphinde ithunyelwe ukuze ichaze umehluko phakathi kwezinto ezibonwayo ze-muon spin kanye nenani elibikezelwe i-Standard Model. Umgomo uwukulinganisa lesi sakhiwo ngokunemba okwaziwayo kakhulu. ukuhlolwa kwe-muon g-2kwenziwa eFermi National Accelerator Laboratory. Njengoba uKolomensky esho, ukuhlaziya kwakamuva kwemiphumela yocwaningo lwe-BaBar ngokuyinhloko “kukhiphela ngaphandle ithuba lokuchaza i-g-2 anomaly mayelana nama-photon amnyama, kodwa futhi kusho ukuthi kukhona okunye okushayela i-g-2 anomaly.”

I-photon emnyama yahlongozwa okokuqala ngo-2008 ngu-Lottie Ackerman, u-Matthew R. Buckley, u-Sean M. Carroll no-Mark Kamionkowski ukuze bachaze "i-g-2 anomaly" ekuhlolweni kwe-E821 e-Brookhaven National Laboratory.

ingosi emnyama

Ukuhlolwa kwe-CERN okukhulunywe ngakho ngenhla okubizwa nge-NA64, okwenziwe eminyakeni yamuva nje, nakho kwehlulekile ukuthola isenzakalo esihambisana nama-photons amnyama. Njengoba kubikiwe esihlokweni esithi "Physical Review Letters", ngemva kokuhlaziya idatha, izazi zefiziksi ezivela eGeneva azikwazanga ukuthola izithombe ezimnyama ezinobuningi obusuka ku-10 GeV ukuya ku-70 GeV.

Nokho, ephawula ngale miphumela, uJames Beecham wokuhlolwa kwe-ATLAS uzwakalise ithemba lakhe lokuthi ukwehluleka kokuqala kuzokhuthaza amaqembu aqhudelanayo e-ATLAS ne-CMS ukuthi aqhubeke nokubheka.

U-Beecham ubeke amazwana ku-Physical Review Letters. -

Ukuhlolwa okufana ne-BaBar yaseJapan kubizwa Bell IIokulindeleke ukuthi inikeze idatha ephindwe kayikhulu kune-BaBar.

Ngokusho kwe-hypothesis yososayensi abavela e-Institute of Basic Sciences eSouth Korea, imfihlakalo edabukisayo yobudlelwane phakathi kwezinto ezivamile nobumnyama ingachazwa kusetshenziswa imodeli ye-portal eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-axion portal emnyama ». Isekelwe ezinhlayiyeni ezimbili ezicatshangelwayo zomkhakha omnyama, i-axion ne-photon emnyama. Ingosi, njengoba negama liphakamisa, iwushintsho phakathi kwento emnyama nefiziksi engaziwa kanye nalokho esikwaziyo nesikuqondayo. Ukuxhuma le mihlaba emibili i-photon emnyama ekolunye uhlangothi, kodwa izazi zefiziksi zithi ingatholwa ngezinsimbi zethu.

Ividiyo mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-NA64:

Ukuzingela i-photon emnyama engaqondakali: ukuhlolwa kwe-NA64