I-Szkuner-Kapitan-Borchardt

UCaptain Borchardt ngaphansi komkhumbi ePomeranian Bay.

Isikebhe esinezinsika ezintathu u-Kapitan Borchardt sidala kunazo zonke ezikebheni ezinkulu (izikebhe zikaseyili) ezindizisa ifulegi lasePoland, nakuba ngesikhathi esifanayo umlando waso ngaphansi kokumhlophe nokubomvu kuyizikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela - nakuba zinde - ekhulwini lomlando. isitsha.

Iqiniso lokuthi, ngemva kwezinxushunxushu eziningi, wathola ichweba lakubo eSzczecin liphinde libe isiqinisekiso sokunothisa kancane kancane (noma, uma uthanda, ukuhlukaniswa okuqhubekayo) komphakathi, ngoba ngaphandle kwakhe umkhumbi womthengisi wawungeke ube khona. Lokhu futhi kuwukubonakaliswa kokujwayelekile kwe-windage. Umkhumbi omkhulu uma kuqhathaniswa uyasinda emisebenzini echazwe kahle eyenziwa ebhodini, ngaphandle kokulandela izinganekwane zesikhathi esidlule, ngokuvamile ukushaya ukuthengiswa kwesiko, kanye nomsebenzi wokugomela, obonakala ngokuvela kwezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezinhle ephaketheni lomphakathi. . Ngokuqondene nomkhumbi ngokwawo, wawuphila ukuphila okumatasa kakhulu, okubonisa ngandlela-thile izinguquko ezenzeka “emikhumbini emincane” eNorth Sea.

Ikhabethe lokuhamba ngomkhumbi elivamile

I-Kapitan Borchardt yanamuhla yakhiwe endaweni yemikhumbi i-JJ Pattje und Zoon edolobheni lase-Dutch i-Waterhuizen, elisemseleni i-Winshoterdeep. Ukubekwa kwe-keel kwenzeka ngo-July 13, 1917, lolu phiko lwadluliselwa kumamukeli ngo-April 12 wonyaka olandelayo. I-schooner yensimbi, eyakhiwe ngenombolo 113 yendawo yomkhumbi, ehloselwe ukuguqulwa nokuhweba namachweba aseBrithani, yaqanjwa ngokuthi "Nora". Indawo yemikhumbi, manje eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Pattje Waterhuizen BV, itholakala esiqhingini somsele. Namuhla, i-Waterhuizen, nakuba ihlukile kwezokuphatha, empeleni iyindawo engaphansi kweGroningen. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi leli dolobha elishiwo litholakala cishe ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ukusuka echibini lokwenziwa iLauversmeer (ngesikhathi kwakhiwa iBurrow, kwakuwuLwandle LwaseWadden, lapho lanqanyulwa khona idamu elifakwe i-culvert system 1969).

Ngakho-ke akulona ihaba elikhulu ukusho ukuthi i-Borchardt yasungulwa emanzini aphakathi nezwe, nakuba eNetherlands lokhu kunencazelo ehluke kancane. Njengoba iMpi Enkulu yayisaqhubeka lapho umkhumbi unikezwa umnikazi wawo (uGustav Adolph van Veen waseScheveningen), kwakunezimpawu ezimhlophe zokungathathi hlangothi ezinhlangothini zawo, ezazihlanganisa igama elifanele nesitatimende sokuthi ungowomuntu ongeyena- izwe elinezingxabano (Holland). Ekuqaleni, uVan Veen wabhalisa lesi sikebhe eScheveningen (idolobha elisogwini elihlangene neThe Hague enyakatho). Amadokhumenti abonisa ukuthi kwakuwukuphela komkhumbi ophethwe yilo muntu, ngakho-ke ngeke kukhishwe ukuthi ukuthengwa kwe-schooner kwakuyi-investimenti futhi umnikazi wayebala inzuzo esheshayo ngemva kokuphela kwempi. Lokhu kufakazelwa yiqiniso lokuthi kakade ngoNovemba 1918, inkampani i-NV Zeevaart-Maatschappij Albatros yaseRotterdam yaba umqhubi womkhumbi. Nokho, lesi siqephu asithathanga isikhathi eside, njengoba ngo-July 1919 umkhumbi wawungoka-R. Kramer no-J. H. Cruise.

kusuka eGroningen, kanye no-NV Zeevaart Maatschappij Groningen uthatha umsebenzi. Wayengumphathi wezikebhe zakhe ezincane eziyisishiyagalombili (zombili ezihambayo nezinenjini) futhi eziyishumi zinikezelwe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi eqenjini lokugcina, ngaphezu kwesikole saseHarlingen esisithakaselayo (esibizwa ngokuthi uNora), esasiphethwe abantu ababili ngokuhlanganyela, kwakuneminye imikhumbi emithathu kaR. Kramer. Itheku lomkhumbi kwakuyiDelfzijl, ngaphezu komlomo we-Ems.

Nokho, uchungechunge lwezinguquko kubanikazi nabanikazi bemikhumbi alugcinanga lapho. Ngo-May 1923, umkhumbi, ngemva kokuqothuka komnikazi, wathengwa ngu-Yurien Swirs, owawuhlotshaniswa noshintsho echwebeni lokubhalisa eGroningen. Nokho, ukusebenza komkhumbi akuzange kufeze lokho okwakulindelwe umthengi, njengoba ngoSepthemba kwathathwa uHanseatische Schleppschiffahrt Gustav Dettweiler.

kusuka eBremen. Yabe isiqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iMöwe. Naphezu kwegama elikhulu, umthengi uvele waba umxhumanisi owathi, ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-4, wathengisa umkhumbi ku-Knopf & Lehmann waseLübeck. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, umkhumbi waya kuDkt. Petrus Wischer waseWestrhauderfen (emfuleni i-Ems). Khona-ke yayibizwa ngokuthi iVadder Gerit. Umnikazi omusha wasondela kakhulu ekusebenzeni komkhumbi, wawulungisa futhi wawenza waba ngesimanje. Ngaphezu kokuhlola isikebhe, kwafakwa injini ye-Hanseatische Bergedorf ene-two-stroke two-cylinder medium-pressure emkhunjini (eyasetshenziswa ngo-1916-1966). Ezintweni ezitholakalayo, ungathola ulwazi lokuthi amandla ayo ayeyi-100 hp.