Ithangi elisindayo i-K-Wagen

Ithangi lemodeli i-K-Wagen, umbono wangaphambili. Idome lombhoshongo wezingqapheli ezimbili zezikhali liyabonakala ophahleni, kuphinde kukhishwe amapayipi aphuma ezinjinini ezimbili.

Kubukeka sengathi inkathi yamathangi amakhulu futhi asinda kakhulu emlandweni yaqondana nesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yesibili - kwathi ku-Third Reich, kwathuthukiswa amaphrojekthi ezimoto eziningi ezilandelwayo ezinesisindo esingaphezu kwamathani ayikhulu noma ngaphezulu, futhi amanye aze asetshenziswa (E-100, Maus, njll. .d.). Kodwa-ke, ngokuvamile akunakwa ukuthi amaJalimane aqala ukusebenza ngamathangi nalezi zici phakathi neMpi Enkulu, ngemva nje kokuqala kwalolu hlobo olusha lwesikhali enkundleni yempi ohlangothini lwe-Allied. Umphumela wokugcina womzamo wobunjiniyela kwaba yi-K-Wagen, ithangi elikhulu nelisindayo kunawo wonke eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala.

Lapho amaJalimane eqala ukuhlangana namathangi e-Western Front ngo-September 1916, isikhali esisha savusa imizwa emibili ephikisanayo: ukwesaba nokuncoma. Kungase kubonakale sengathi imishini engenakuvinjelwa ibonakala kumasosha ombuso kanye nabaphathi abalwa ngaphambili njengesikhali esesabekayo, nakuba ekuqaleni amaphephandaba aseJalimane kanye nezinye izikhulu eziphezulu zasabela ngokungahambisani nokusungulwa. Kodwa-ke, isimo sengqondo esingenabulungiswa nesokungahloniphi sathathelwa indawo ngokushesha ukubala kwangempela kanye nokuhlolwa okusangulukisayo kwamandla ezimoto zokulwa ezilandelwayo, okwaholela ekuveleni kwesithakazelo ku-German High Command of the Ground Forces (Oberste Heersleitung - OHL). obefuna ukuba nenani elilinganayo lebutho laseBrithani endaweni yakhe yezikhali. Msize aveze isikali sokunqoba esivuna yena.

Imodeli K-Wagen, kulokhu kusukela ngemuva.

Imizamo yaseJalimane yokwakha amathangi okuqala yaphela (ingabalwa imiklamo yezinqola ezishiywe ebhodini lokudweba) ngokwakhiwa kwezimoto ezimbili: i-A7V ne-Leichter Kampfwagen izinguqulo I, II no-III (abanye izazi-mlando nabashisekeli bezempi bathi ukuthuthukiswa kwe-LK III kwamiswa esiteji sokuklama) . Umshini wokuqala - ohamba kancane, ongalawuleki kakhulu, okhiqizwe ngamakhophi angamashumi amabili kuphela - ukwazile ukungena enkonzweni futhi ubambe iqhaza ezimpini, kodwa ukunganeliseki okujwayelekile ngomklamo wawo kwaholela ekutheni ukuthuthukiswa komshini kushiywe unomphela. ngo-February 1918. Okuthembisayo okwengeziwe, ngisho nangenxa yezici ezinhle kakhulu, nakuba kungekho ngaphandle kwamaphutha, umklamo wokuhlola wasala. Ukungakwazi ukuhlinzeka amabutho aseJalimane ahlomile ahlomile ngamathangi akhiqizwa ekhaya kwakusho isidingo sokuhlinzeka ngamanani awo ngemishini ebanjiwe. Amasosha ebutho lasebukhosini "azingela" kakhulu izimoto zabalingani, kodwa ngaphandle kwempumelelo enkulu. Ithangi lokuqala elikwazi ukusebenza (Mk IV) lathathwa ekuseni ngoNovemba 24, 1917 eFontaine-Notre-Dame ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okwenziwe yiqembu eliholwa ngu-corporal (isikhulu esingagunyaziwe) uFritz Leu wase-Armee Kraftwagen Park 2 ( Yebo, ngaphambi kwalolu suku, amaJalimane akwazi ukuthola inombolo ethile yamathangi aseBrithani, kodwa wonakaliswa noma abonakaliswe kangangokuthi ayengekho ngaphansi kokulungiswa nokusetshenziswa kokulwa). Ngemva kokuphela kokulwa kweCambrai, amathangi angamashumi ayisikhombisa nanye aseBrithani ezimweni ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe awela ezandleni zamaJalimane, nakuba ukulimala kwabangamashumi amathathu kuwo kwakungaphezu kwalokho kangangokuthi ukulungiswa kwawo kwakungeyona inkinga. Ngokushesha inani lezimoto zaseBrithani ezithunjiwe zafinyelela izinga kangangokuthi zakwazi ukuhlela nokuhlomisa izimpi zamathangi amaningana, ezazisetshenziswa empini.

Ngaphezu kwamathangi okukhulunywe ngenhla, amaJalimane akwazi ukuqedela cishe 85-90% amakhophi amabili ethangi K-Wagen (Colossal-Wagen) enesisindo esingamathani angama-150 (elinye igama elivamile, isibonelo, Grosskampfwagen), ezingenakuqhathaniswa ngobukhulu nesisindo ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili.

Imodeli ye-K-Wagen, ukubuka ohlangothini lwesokudla okufakwe i-nacelle eseceleni.

Imodeli ye-K-Wagen, ukubuka ohlangothini lwesokudla okuhlakazwe i-nacelle eseceleni.

Umlando wethangi lesihloko mhlawumbe uyimfihlakalo kunayo yonke eyayihlotshaniswa nezimoto zokulwa ezilandelwa umkhondo waseJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ngenkathi uhlu lozalo lwezimoto ezifana ne-A7V, LK II/II/III noma i-Sturm-Panzerwagen Oberschlesien engakaze yakhiwe ingalandelelwa ngokunembile ngenxa yezinto ezigciniwe ezisekhona kanye nenani lokushicilelwe okubalulekile, endabeni yesakhiwo thina banesithakazelo, kunzima . Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-oda lokuklanywa kwe-K-Wagen lafakwa yi-OHL ngo-March 31, 1917 ngochwepheshe bomnyango wezempi woMnyango Wezokuthutha wesi-7 (Abteilung 7. Verkehrswesen). Izidingo ezakhiwe zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe zicabange ukuthi imoto eklanyelwe izothola izikhali kusuka ku-10 kuya ku-30 ​​mm ubukhulu, ikwazi ukunqoba imisele efinyelela ku-4 m ububanzi, futhi izikhali zayo eziyinhloko kufanele zibe ne-SK / L eyodwa noma ezimbili. Izibhamu ezingama-50, nezikhali zokuzivikela kwakuzoqukatha izibhamu ezingomshini ezine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathuba okubeka ama-flamethrowers "ebhodini" ashiywe ukuze acatshangelwe. Kwakuhlelwe ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi adonsela phansi azoba ngu-0,5 kg / cm2, ukushayela kuzokwenziwa izinjini ezimbili ze-200 hp ngayinye, futhi ibhokisi lika-gearbox lizohlinzeka ngamagiya amathathu phambili kanye nelinye elihlanekezelayo. Ngokwezibikezelo, abasebenzi bemoto bekufanele babe ngabantu abangu-18, kanti isisindo kufanele siguquguquke cishe amathani ayi-100. Izindleko zemoto eyodwa zazilinganiselwa ku-500 amamaki, okwakuyinani lezinkanyezi, ikakhulukazi uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi i-LK II eyodwa ibiza endaweni yamamaki angu-000-65. Lapho kufakwa uhlu lwezinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngenxa yesidingo sokuthutha imoto ibanga elide, kwacatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa komklamo we-modular - nakuba inani lezinto ezizimele zesakhiwo lingacacisiwe, kwakudingeka ukuthi ngamunye wabo afaneleke. isisindo singabi ngaphezu kwamathani angama-000. Imibandela yokusebenza ibonakala ingenangqondo ku-War Ministry (Kriegsministerium) kangangokuthi ekuqaleni yenqaba ukuveza ukusekela umbono wokwakha imoto, kodwa yashintsha ngokushesha umqondo wayo mayelana nezindaba zempumelelo ekhulayo ye-Allied. izimoto zezikhali. izimoto ezisuka phambili.

Izici zokusebenza zomshini, ngaleso sikhathi ezingavamile futhi ezingakaze zibonwe ngaleso sikhathi, zigcwele i-megalomania, manje ziphakamisa umbuzo onengqondo mayelana nenjongo yawo. Njengamanje, kunenkolelo evamile, mhlawumbe ngokufanisa namaphrojekthi we-R.1000 / 1500 land cruisers yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ukuthi amaJalimane ayehlose ukusebenzisa i-K-Vagens "njengezinqaba ezihambayo", ebaqondisa ukuthi basebenze. izindawo eziyingozi kakhulu ngaphambili. Ngokombono onengqondo, lo mbono ubonakala ulungile, kodwa izihloko zoMbusi uWilhelm II zibonakala zizibona njengesikhali esihlaselayo. Okungenani ngezinga elithile, le thesis iqinisekiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ehlobo lika-1918 igama elithi Sturmkraftwagen schwerster Bauart (K-Wagen) lasetshenziselwa i-tachanka okungenani kanye, okubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kwakungabhekwa njengento yokuzivikela kuphela. isikhali.

Naphezu kokufisa kwabo okuhle, abasebenzi bakwa-Abteilung 7. U-Verkehrswesen babengenalo ulwazi lokuklama ithangi elaligunyazwe i-OHL, ngakho ubuholi bomnyango banquma "ukuqasha" umuntu wangaphandle ukuze enze le njongo. Ezincwadini, ikakhulukazi endala, kunombono wokuthi ukukhetha kwawela kuJosef Vollmer, unjiniyela ohamba phambili we-German Automobile Construction Society, osevele ngo-1916, ngenxa yomsebenzi wakhe ku-A7V, waziwa njengomklami. ngombono ofanele. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ezinye izincwadi zakamuva ziqukethe imininingwane yokuthi imizamo ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-K-Wagen yenziwa futhi: umphathi ongaphansi wezokuthutha emgwaqeni (Chef des Kraftfahrwesens-Chefkraft), ukapteni (Hauptmann) Wegner (Wegener?) kanye nokaputeni ongaziwa uMuller. Okwamanje, akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa ngokungananazi ukuthi ngabe lokhu kwakunjalo ngempela.

7,7 cm isibhamu se-Sockel-Panzerwagengeschűtz, isibhamu esikhulu sethangi le-Grosskampfagen elisinda kakhulu

NgoJuni 28, 1917, uMnyango Wezempi wafaka i-oda lama-K-Wagens ayishumi. Amadokhumenti obuchwepheshe adalwe embonini yase-Riebe-Kugellager-Werken e-Berlin-Weissensee. Lapho, ngo-July 1918 yakamuva, kwaqala ukwakhiwa amathangi ezimbili zokuqala, okuyinto yaphazanyiswa ekupheleni kwempi (ngokweminye imithombo, ukwakhiwa prototypes ezimbili kwaqedwa ngo-September 12, 1918). Mhlawumbe umhlangano wezinqola uphazamisekile ngaphambili, kusukela ngo-Okthoba 23, 1918 kwabikwa ukuthi i-K-Wagen yayingekho ezithakazelweni ze-Imperial Army, ngakho-ke ukukhiqizwa kwayo akuzange kufakwe ohlelweni lokwakhiwa kwempi. izimoto ezilandelwayo (ezinegama elisebenzayo elithi Großen Programm). Ngemuva kokusayinwa kweSivumelwano SaseVersailles, womabili amathangi abesesikhungweni kwakumele alahlwe ikhomishana ehlangene.

Ukuhlaziywa kwemibhalo yokuklama, izithombe zamamodeli akhiqiziwe, kanye nesithombe sengobo yomlando kuphela se-K-Wagen engaqediwe esimi endaweni yokusebenzela yokukhiqiza yase-Riebe kusivumela ukuba siphethe ngokuthi izidingo zokuqala zamasu nezobuchwepheshe zabonakala kancane ezimotweni. Izinguquko eziningi ezibalulekile zenzekile, kusukela ekushintsheni izinjini zokuqala ngezinamandla kakhulu, ngokuqiniswa kwezikhali (kusukela ezibhamu ezimbili kuya kwezine kanye nezibhamu eziwumshini ezine kuya kweziyisikhombisa) futhi kugcine ngokujiya kwezikhali. Baholela ekwenyukeni kwesisindo sethangi (kufika ku-150 amathani) kanye nezindleko zeyunithi (kufika kumamaki angama-600 ithangi ngalinye). Kodwa-ke, i-postulate yesakhiwo se-modular esiklanyelwe ukwenza lula ezokuthutha sasetshenziswa; ithangi lalihlanganisa okungenani izakhi ezine eziyinhloko - i.e. igiya lokuhlala, i-fuselage kanye nama-nacelles enjini amabili (Erkern).

Kuleli qophelo, cishe kukhona umthombo wolwazi wokuthi i-K-Wagen yayinesisindo samathani "kuphela" angu-120. Lesi sisindo cishe sasiwumphumela wokuphindaphinda inani lezingxenye ngesilinganiso sazo esiphezulu (futhi esivunyelwe ukucaciswa) isisindo.

7,7 cm isibhamu se-Sockel-Panzerwagengeschűtz, ingalo eyinhloko yethangi le-Grosskampfagen super-heavy part 2

Lokhu kuhlukaniswa kwenze kwaba lula ukuqaqa imoto ibe izingxenye (okwakwenziwa ngokhreyini) bese ilayisha ezimotweni zikaloliwe. Ngemva kokufika esiteshini sokuthulula, inqola kwadingeka ihlanganiswe futhi (futhi ngosizo lwe-crane) futhi ithunyelwe empini. Ngakho-ke nakuba indlela yokuthutha i-K-Wagen kubonakala sengathi isixazululiwe, umbuzo usasele, ngabe umgwaqo wayo oya ngaphambili ubukeka kanjani uma kuvela ukuthi kuzodingeka unqobe, isibonelo, amakhilomitha ayishumi ensimini ngaphansi. amandla alo nangendlela yawo?

Incazelo yobuchwepheshe

Ngokwezici ezijwayelekile zokuklama, i-K-Wagen yayihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo eziyinhloko: igiya lokufika, i-fuselage kanye nama-nacelles enjini amabili.

Umqondo wokwakha i-undercariage yethangi ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile ufana nekaMk. IV, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi okumise okwedayimane. Ingxenye eyinhloko yokuhambisa amacimbi kwakuyizinqola ezingamashumi amathathu nesikhombisa. Inqola ngayinye yayinobude obungamasentimitha angu-78 futhi inamasondo amane (amabili ohlangothini ngalunye), ayehamba ngemisele ebekwe esikhaleni esiphakathi kwamapuleti ezikhali ezakha uhlaka lwemoto. Ipuleti lensimbi elinamazinyo lalishiselwe ohlangothini olungaphandle (olubheke phansi) lwezinqola, lwamuncwa iziphethu ezime mpo (ukumiswa), lapho kwakuxhunywe khona isixhumanisi sokusebenza sesibungu (isixhumanisi esixhumayo sahlukaniswa nesiseduze. ). Izinqola zaziqhutshwa amasondo amabili okushayela atholakala ngemuva kwethangi, kodwa akwaziwa ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwalolu hlelo kwakubukeka kanjani kusukela ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe (isixhumanisi se-kinematic).

I-Schematic ebonisa ukuhlukaniswa kwe-K-Wagen hull.

Isidumbu somshini sasihlukaniswe izingxenye ezine. Ngaphambili kwakukhona indawo yokuqondisa enezihlalo zabashayeli ababili nezindawo zezibhamu zemishini (bheka ngezansi). Okulandelayo kwakuyindawo yokulwa, eyayihlala izikhali eziyinhloko zethangi eziyizibhamu ezine ze-Sockel-Panzerwagengeschűtz ezine ezingu-7,7-cm, ezibekwe ngababili kuma-nacelles enjini amabili afakwe ezinhlangothini zemoto, eyodwa ohlangothini ngalunye. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zibhamu zaziyinguqulo eqinile ye-7,7 cm FK 96 esetshenziswa kabanzi, ngenxa yokuthi yayinembuyekezo encane, engu-400 mm kuphela. Isibhamu ngasinye sasisetshenziswa amasosha amathathu, kanti izinhlamvu ezazingaphakathi zazingamahlandla angu-200 umphongolo ngamunye. Ithangi laliphinde libe nezibhamu ezingontuluntulu eziyisikhombisa, ezintathu zazo zaziphambi kwegumbi lokulawula (namasosha amabili) nezinye ezine kuma-nacell enjini (emibili ohlangothini ngalunye; eyodwa, imicibisholo emibili, yayifakwe phakathi kwezibhamu, enye ifakwe phakathi kwezibhamu. ekugcineni kwe-gondola, eduze ne-engine bay). Cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yobude bendawo yokulwa (ukubalwa ukusuka phambili) kwakuyizindawo zezibukeli zezikhali ezimbili, ezihlola indawo ezungezile zifuna okuhlosiwe ku-turret ekhethekile ebekwe ophahleni. Ngemva kwabo kwakukhona indawo yenduna, eyayiqondisa umsebenzi webutho lonke. Ekamelweni elilandelanayo, kwafakwa izinjini zezimoto ezimbili, ezazilawulwa omakhenikha ababili. Akukho ukuvumelana okuphelele ezincwadini mayelana nalesi sihloko mayelana nokuthi lawa ma-propulsor ayeluhlobo luni namandla. Ulwazi oluvame kakhulu ukuthi i-K-Wagen yayinezinjini ezimbili zezindiza ze-Daimler ezinamandla angu-600 hp ngayinye. ngamunye. Igumbi lokugcina (Getriebe-Raum) laliqukethe zonke izakhi zokudluliswa kwamandla. Isiphongo se-hull sasivikelwe izikhali ezingama-40-mm, empeleni ezazihlanganisa amapuleti amabili ezikhali angama-20-mm afakwe ebangeni elifushane ukusuka komunye nomunye. Izinhlangothi (futhi mhlawumbe ingemuva) zazimbozwe izikhali 30 mm ubukhulu, nophahla - 20 mm.

Isifinyezo

Uma ubheka okuhlangenwe nakho kweMpi Yezwe II, khona-ke amathangi aseJalimane anesisindo samathani ayi-100 noma ngaphezulu aphenduka, ukukubeka kancane, ukungaqondi kahle. Isibonelo ithangi legundane. Nakuba ihlome kahle futhi ihlome kakhulu, kodwa mayelana nokuhamba nokuhamba, yayingaphansi kakhulu kunezakhiwo ezilula, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukube yayingavinjelwanga yisitha, ngokuqinisekile ngabe yenziwe ngokwemvelo, ngoba ixhaphozi. indawo noma igquma elingabonakali kungaba kuye uguquko olungenakwenzeka. Umklamo oyinkimbinkimbi awuzange usize ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial noma ukugcinwa kwe-serial ensimini, futhi isisindo esikhulu sasiyisivivinyo sangempela sezinsizakalo ze-logistics, ngoba ukuthutha i-colossus enjalo, ngisho nebanga elifushane, idinga izinsiza ezingaphezulu kwesilinganiso. Uphahla oluncane kakhulu lwe-hull lwalusho ukuthi ngenkathi izingcwecwe zezikhali eziwugqinsi ezivikela isiphongo, izinhlangothi kanye ne-turret kucatshangwa ukuthi zinikeza isivikelo sebanga elide emizuliswaneni eminingi yezibhamu ezilwa namathangi ngaleso sikhathi, imoto yayingavikelekile ekushayweni kwasemoyeni kunoma iyiphi i-rocket noma i-flashbomb. kwakuzoba usongo lokufa kuye.

Cishe zonke lezi ziphambeko ezingenhla ze-Maus, empeleni zazingaphezulu kakhulu, cishe zizoyikhathaza i-K-Wagen uma ikwazi ukungena enkonzweni (i-design modular iyingxenye noma ibonakala ixazulula inkinga yokuthutha umshini). Ukuze ambhubhise, kwakungeke kudingeke ngisho nokuvula izindiza (empeleni, kwakuzobeka usongo olungasho lutho kuye, ngoba phakathi neMpi Enkulu kwakungenakwenzeka ukwakha indiza ekwazi ukushaya ngempumelelo amaphuzu amancane amancane), ngoba izikhali ayenazo zazincane kangangokuthi zazingase ziqedwe ngesibhamu sasendle, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, zazisezingeni eliphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kunezinkomba eziningi zokuthi i-K-Wagen ayisoze yaphumelela empini, noma kunjalo, ukuyibuka kusukela ohlangothini lomlando wokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto ezihlomile, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi kwakuyimoto ethakazelisayo, emele. ngenye indlela engasindi - ngingasho - inani elinguziro lensiza yokulwa.