Enqonqoza ekumisweni kwemoto
Shayela ukumiswa ngokushesha noma kamuva ivela kunoma iyiphi imoto.
Kungaba nezizathu eziningi zokuvela kwayo - izinkinga nge-chassis, ukusebenza okungalungile kwemoto, isimo sengqondo esingenangqondo sokuvimbela, njalonjalo.
Indlela yokubona imbangela yokuwohloka nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze kuleli cala, funda kabanzi kulesi sihloko.
Engqongqoza ekumisweni okungaphambili
Ngeshwa akunakwenzeka ukusho ngendlebelokho kungqongqoza ngempela. Ngakho-ke, lapho wenza ukuzihlola, udinga ukuhlola ama-absorbers, izintambo zokubopha, i-anti-roll bar, ingalo yokumiswa ngaphambili, i-knuckle yokuqondisa, amabhlogo athule, ama-ball bearings. Imbangela evamile yokungqongqoza ukwehluleka kwezigxivizo zenjoloba. Zonke izingxenye zenjoloba akufanele ziqhekeke noma zonakaliswe. Uma ubona iphutha, kufanele ushintshe ngokushesha.
Izimbangela ezingenzeka zokungqongqoza kanye nokuxilongwa kwazo
Isizathu sokungqongqoza kungaba noma iyiphi ingxenye eyingxenye yokumiswa. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zokumiswa kwe-rattling front yizi:
Uzenzela owakho ukuxilongwa kokumiswa
- ukugqokwa kwe-tip yezintambo zokuqondisa;
- ukuhluleka kwe-shock absorber
- ukugqoka ama-ball bearings;
- umonakalo kumahinji enjoloba-zensimbi;
- i-deformation yezisekelo ze-struts ye-shock absorber;
- ukugqokwa kwezisekelo nezingalo ezilengayo;
- ukukhulula amantongomane nama-bolts of fastenings of node system;
- ukugqoka kwe-cushion kanye nezinsimbi ze-rubber-metal zenduku;
- ukukhiqizwa kwama-hub bearings;
- ukungalingani okukhulu kwamasondo noma ukuguqulwa kwamarimu;
- ukubola noma ukuphuka kwesiphethu sokumiswa.
Ake sihlolisise lezi nezinye izimbangela zokungqongqoza kabanzi. Kuyafaneleka ukuqala ukuzihlola ngokubheka isimo anthers и izingxenye zokuvala irabha. Uma zonakalisiwe, kufanele zishintshwe. futhi ubheke imikhondo yokuvuza kwamafutha kuma-absorbers othusayo.
ukwehluleka kwezingalo ezimisiwe
Lever amabhlogo athule
Isizathu esingenzeka sokungqongqoza kokumiswa - ukuphuka kwemilenze yakhe. Lokhu kuvame ukuhambisana nokungaphathwa kahle kwezimoto. Hlola ukusebenza kwamabhulokhi athule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa intaba njengehlombe ukugoba ama-levers. Uma iphuka uzobona ukuhlehla okukhulu.
Ukuze kulungiswe, kuzodingeka ukuthi kushintshwe amabhlogo athule. Ukuze wenze lokhu, susa ama-levers bese ucindezela amabhlogo adala athule emgodini. Ngaphambi kokufaka amabhulokhi amasha athule, gcoba isihlalo ukuze unciphise ukungqubuzana. Kokunye, yihlanze othulini nasekungcoleni.
ukuhluleka kwe-shock absorber
I-shock absorber ingangqongqoza phezulu noma phansi. Isizathu salokhu kungase kube ukukhulula ama-bolts okulungisa noma ukwanda kokudlala emigodini yokulungisa. Ngokubukeka, ukuguga noma ukuphuka kweziphethu kunganqunywa izinga lemoto. Uma isiphethu sigwetshwe kakhulu noma siphukile, lokhu kuzobonakala ngokulingana komzimba. lapho uhamba, isiphethu esiphukile sizokwenza umsindo wesici.
intwasahlobo emanzi
ukuze ulondoloze ama-shock absorbers, kuyanconywa bagcwalise ngamafutha we-viscosity ekhonjiswe umenzi (inqobo nje uma ama-shock absorbers egoqeka). Ebusika, ungalokothi uqale kungazelelwe emotweni engashiswanga. Awukwazi ukulimaza injini yomlilo yangaphakathi kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-absorbers, ngoba amafutha akuwo nawo awafudumala. Ngakho-ke unakekela ama-absorber othusayo futhi wandise impilo yabo yesevisi.
Ngokuvamile i-rack ingaba imbangela yokungqongqoza. Ikakhulukazi uma ushayela emigwaqweni emibi (ungqongqoza emabhampini, amabhampa) noma uma isondo lingena emgodini. ukuze uhlole i-rack, udinga ukubheka phezulu cindezela ku-fender noma ihood. Ngokuma okuhle, umshini ubuyela kahle endaweni yawo yasekuqaleni. Uma kungenjalo, uzozwa i-creak nokunyakaza okungazelelwe.
I-lock nut exegayo ingaba imbangela engenzeka yokungqongqoza ku-rack. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kunganqunywa ngokunyakazisa imoto ngenkathi ushayela kanye nokunciphisa ukulawuleka. Kulokhu, umsindo uvela ngokungahleliwe. Inathi kufanele liqiniswe, kungenjalo usengozini yokulahlekelwa ukulawula imoto emgwaqeni.
Izinkinga zokuqondisa
Ukuxilongwa kwezinduku zokuqondisa ezimotweni ze-VAZ
Umsindo obangelwa isiteringi ufana nowe-shock absorber enesici. Uphawu olungaqondile oluqinisekisa ukuthi imbangela yokungqongqoza kusesiteringini ukudlidliza kwesondo lokuqondisa и ukushaya kanzima emaqhumeni, amaqhubu.
Ukungqongqoza okusuka ngaphambili, kulokhu, kuwumphumela wokusebenzisana kwe-rack kanye negiya elihamba eduze kwalo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesistimu yokuqondisa, igebe lokuxhumana kanye nokuphumayo phakathi kwe-rack ne-pinion kwanda ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Igebe lizwakala uma isiteringi siqondile, ngokunyakazisa kancane isiteringi siye emaceleni. Kukhona ongqongqozayo lapho kuxhunywana khona. ukuze uhlole lokhu kuphuka, kwanele ukujeqeza imoto ukusuka kolunye lwezinhlangothi ezingaphambili bese unyakazisa izinti zokuqondisa. Uma ngesikhathi esifanayo uzwa ukuhlehla, khona-ke kungenzeka kakhulu, i-thud ivela ezihlahleni ezigugile. Ungathola ukumiselela okusha kunoma isiphi isitolo sezimoto.
Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, abadwebi begalaji batusa ukwenza uphawu ku-shaft yokuqondisa endaweni lapho ihlangana khona ne-rack rack. kuyadingeka ukwenza lokhu ukuze ufake i-shaft ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kabusha komshini ngokuyiphendulela ngama-degree angu-180, ngakho-ke isitimela singasebenza ngokujwayelekile isikhathi esithile.
Yima ukwesekwa
Umsindo ongenalutho "werabha" lapho ushayela emigwaqweni emibi ungase uvele ngenxa yokusebenza okungalungile kwengxenye engenhla yokumiswa kwangaphambili. Lo msindo ungabuye ubizwe ngokuthi "ukuthuthumela". Ngokuvamile i-prop ingenza umsindo oklabalasayo, futhi i-rubbery thud eqinile izwakala kakhulu uma izinkinga ze-rubber seal. ukuze uyihlole, umuntu oyedwa kufanele ajike umzimba, kanti owesibili kufanele abambe ibha yokuqinisa isandla sakhe.
Inesisekelo senjoloba okuyi-absorber yemvelo yemvelo. Nokho, irabha iyaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi iba lukhuni. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuguquguquka kwayo kanye nekhono lokucusha kuyalahleka. Ngeshwa, imiklamo yezimoto eziningi ayikuvumeli ukuthi ufinyelele kule node futhi ulinganise igebe phakathi komkhawulo nokusekelwa. Kodwa-ke, uma imoto yakho ikwazi ukwenza lokhu, qaphela ukuthi ibanga kufanele libe ngu-10 mm.
Ukusekela
Ukuthwala ukwesekwa okugugile
Umsindo owenziwa i-thrust bear egugile ufana nowomswakama, kodwa unomsindo kakhulu. ukuze uthole ukuwohloka, udinga ukuqaqa i-strut yangaphambili. Okukhethekile kokukhiqizwa kwayo kusekugqokeni okungalingani eduze nomjikelezo womzimba. Ukukhishwa okukhulu kwenzeka lapho imoto ihamba iqonde. Yingakho ke ukungqongqoza kungenzeka ngokunyakaza kwe-rectilinear. Uma ujikela kwesokudla noma kwesobunxele, ukungqongqoza kuyama. Uma unesimo esinjalo, kusho ukuthi i-support bear yehlulekile emotweni.
Ungaphinde uyihlole ngokuphakamisa isondo elilodwa bese ubeka isitendi ngaphansi kwayo ukuze ungalimazi umlenze wakho. Phakathi kokuma kanye nesondo, udinga ukubeka induku okudingeka uyicindezele ukuze uhlole isimo sokuthwala ukusekela. Ngemva kwalokho, sifaka umunwe wethu phakathi kwamantongomane kanye nengxenye engaphakathi yokusekela ukuze sizwe ukudlala lapho isondo linyakaza. Uma ukushaywa okulula kwenduku kubonakala maqondana nengxenye yangaphakathi yokwesekwa, khona-ke isihlalo siphukile ngaphakathi, noma i-bearing bear out of order (i-metallic knock izozwakala).
kukhona nethuba lokuthi inati esiqwini livele lingakulungi. Uma ukungqongqoza kubuhlungu, khona-ke inkinga kungenzeka kakhulu ku-damper, lapho imifantu ingabonakala khona.
Amalunga ebhola
Ukuhlangana okuyindilinga
Ezimotweni ezindala ezidonsa ngamasondo angemuva (isibonelo, i-VAZs), izinkinga zokuhlangana kwebhola zibhekwa njengesizathu sakudala sokungqongqoza ekumisweni. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuqale ngokulenga kumshini wokushunqisa wemoto ngaphezu kwesondo lapho kungqongqoza khona. Ngaphambili, kunconywa ukulungisa isondo lokuqondisa ukuze lihlale liqondile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa!
Ngaphandle kokuzungezisa idiski, udinga ukuzama ukunyakazisa izingxenye zayo eziphambene zibheke futhi ziqhele kuwe. Inqubo kumele yenziwe ngezindiza ezimbili., ebamba izinhlangothi zesondo kwesokunxele nesokudla, bese kuba phezulu nangaphansi. Ngokusekela okungalungile, uzozizwa udlala ikakhulukazi esimweni sesibili - ukukhulula isondo ngezingxenye ezingaphezulu neziphansi.
Ukuhlehla kuvela ngenxa yokwanda kancane kancane kokuphumayo engxenyeni engezansi yesihlanganisi sebhola, uphawu lokuqala lwayo oluwukuvuleka kokujika, noma kumabhampa. I-lubricant iyanyamalala kancane kancane, khona-ke okukhiphayo kudluliselwa ezingxenyeni eziseceleni zokusekela, okuholela ekungeneni kwamanzi ebholeni. Lokhu kunganqunywa ngokunyakazisa isondo emaceleni ngesandla esisodwa ngenkathi ubheka ukudlala ebholeni ngokuhlanganyela nesinye. Isigaba sokugcina sokuthuthukiswa, lapho ngesikhathi sokuhlola nge-mount, ibhola liqala ukuya phezulu naphansi.
I-Constant Velocity Joint (ngokuhlanganyela kwe-CV)
Uma ijoyinti ye-CV inephutha, lapho-ke ngenkathi ushayela yenza i-crack ehlukile, ikakhulukazi uma ijika amakhona. Uma ijoyinti ye-CV iphuka, kufanele ishintshwe, ngoba ayikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, udinga ukuhlola isimo sebhuthi ehlangene ye-CV. Uma isomile, azikho izinkinga nge-hinge, kodwa uma i-anther inamafutha futhi inothuli, kungcono ukuyishintsha. Phela, lapho i-grease ivela ku-anther, lokhu kungase kubonise ukwephulwa kokuqina kwayo, okuzoholela ekungeneni kwamanzi nokungcola ngaphakathi. Kunconywa ukuthi uqinise ama-clamps noma ubuyisele i-anther entsha, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi imifantu ivele komdala.
Izimbangela ezingajwayelekile zokwehluleka
futhi isizathu esisodwa sokungqongqoza kungaba i-brake caliper esontekile. Lokhu kuyimbangela engavamile, ngoba, ngokuvamile, i-caliper ivikeleke kakhulu ngokusebenzisa ama-locknuts. Kodwa uma ama-bolts okulungisa noma kunjalo engasontiwe, umsindo we-caliper, ikakhulukazi lapho imoto ibhuleka, izoba phezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuyidida nganoma yini. Ngezinye izikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ama-brake pads esezingeni eliphansi, angenza umsindo omncane futhi ongenalutho. Kwezinye izimo, i-delamination yendawo yabo yokusebenza ingenzeka.
Hlola ubuqotho iziqondiso ze-caliper kungenziwa ngokucindezela kancane i-pedal ye-brake ngenkathi ushayela. Ibhuleki lizoqinisa ama-caliper, livimbele iziqondiso ukuthi zingadli. Esimeni esikhishiwe, ukungqongqoza kwabaqondisi kuzophinde kuvele.
Isizathu sokungqongqoza ekumisweni kwangaphambili kungenzeka futhi ubakaki we-stabilizer bar. Inezihlahla ezinezakhi zenjoloba ekwakhiweni kwayo. Udinga ukuhlola ubuqotho babo.
futhi esinye isizathu sokuba kwenzeke kokungqongqoza kungase kube isimo lapho ama-airbag aphephukayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubonakala ukungqongqoza, okufana nomsindo ovela ohlelweni lokugijima lwemoto. Ngakho hlola le nketho futhi. futhi kufanelekile ukuhlolwa Ingabe wonke amantongomane nezixhumi ezingaphansi kwe-hood ziqinisiwe?. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi lapho uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe. Izingxenye ezingavikelekile zingahle zihlengezele, zenze umsindo ofana nokungqongqoza kokumiswa.
Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngokungasebenzi kahle okuholela ekungqongqozeni ekumisweni okungaphambili, bheka ithebula elingezansi:
| Imvelo yokungqongqoza | Imbangela yokubhidlika | Ikhambi |
|---|---|---|
| UThud | Ukukhweza emzimbeni we-anti-roll bar kukhululiwe, kanye nama-struts ayo engalweni elengayo ephansi | Phinda uqinise ukuxhumeka okuxekethile ngezikulufu |
| Ama-rubber bushings we-stabilizer, kanye nama-struts ayo, agugile | Hlola ukudlala futhi esikhundleni bushings | |
| Umsindo wenjoloba (ohlanganisiwe) | Idampa yerabha yokusekela irabha igugile | Faka esikhundleni i-top strut |
| Ukungqongqoza kanzima (kwensimbi). | Ukuhlanganiswa kwebhola kuhlulekile | Shintshanisa ibhola elihlangene |
| ngqongqoza kanzima | Induku yokuqondisa isigugile | Okokushintshwa kwe-traction |
| Ihabhu yehabhu yangaphambili ephukile noma inathi elixegayo | Faka esikhundleni sokuzala, qinisa nati | |
| Umsindo wensimbi noma wensimbi engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba | Kwaphuka isiphethu, isidumbu sagobhoza ohlangothini olulodwa | Shintsha intwasahlobo ngokushesha |
| Umsindo uma ujika isiteringi ngenkathi ushayela | Ukuhlangana kwe-CV kuhlulekile | I-hinge idinga ukushintshwa ngokushesha |
Ungqongqoza ekumisweni okungemuva
Ukuxilongwa kwe-suspension yangemuva kuyashesha ngoba ukwakheka kwayo kulula. Kungaba nezizathu ezimbalwa zokungqongqoza - izinduku ze-torque ezigugile (uma zikhona), amabhawodi amasondo axegayo, ukukhwezwa kwepayipi lokuphuma elixegayo elixegayo noma eliphukile, ikhoyili ephukile yokumiswa kwe-spring, ukuxegiswa kwebakaki okufakwayo kwe-torque emfushane, i-valve ye-recoil ku-shuck absorber, ngemuva. i-shock absorber bushings, i-axle shaft ekhululiwe, ibha ye-pad spacer. futhi imbangela yemisindo engaziwa ingaba izizathu ezingahlobene ngokuqondile nokumiswa. Ngokwesibonelo, izinto esiqwini, "reserve" unscrew, nokunye.
futhi Kunconywa ukuhlola i-exhaust pipe mount kanye nesimo sakhe esijwayelekile. Phela i-muffler eshile yenza imisindo engaphandle umshayeli angayithatha uma eshaya i-suspension yangemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, udinga ukuhlola zonke izakhi zokubopha zepayipi. Uma ingaqinisiwe kahle, emigwaqweni emibi ingenza i-knock encane futhi efiphele, umshayeli angase enze iphutha ngezinkinga ngokumiswa.
Ngokuzihlola ngokwakho, udinga ukuhlola izingxenye ezilandelayo (ezinye zazo zingase zingatholakali kwamanye amamodeli ezimoto):
Ukuhlolwa kokumiswa
- isakhiwo somhlahlandlela wokumiswa ngemuva;
- ama-levers (transverse, longitudinal);
- i-anti-roll bar;
- ama-absorber shock angemuva;
- iziphethu ezimanzi;
- izinkomishi ezibamba ukushaqeka kanye nabakaki;
- izihlahla zenjoloba;
- ugongolo lwe-axle yangemuva;
- I-compress buffer;
- ama-bearings.
Ukuxilongwa kwesakhiwo somhlahlandlela
Enqubweni yokwenza ukuxilongwa, udinga ukwenza lezi zenzo ezilandelayo:
- Hlola amandla nesimo se-beam, kanye nezinsimbi (uma zikhona). Qiniseka ukuthi akukho deformation kulezi zingxenye.
- Hlola amahinge. Bangase babe nemifantu ngenxa yokuguga. Lokhu kuphinde kuholele ekuphendukeni.
Kuyafaneleka ukuhlola ukuxhumeka okucushwe kwama-flange ezindaweni zokunamathisela. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kanye nemodeli yemoto, zingakhandwa noma kuzodingeka uthenge futhi ufake ezintsha. Udinga ukwenza umsebenzi osohlwini lwenkonzo yemoto noma egaraji elinembobo yokubuka.
Ukuxilongwa kwentwasahlobo yokumiswa
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi insimbi okuvela kuyo imithombo inamandla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ingahluleka. Ngamunye wabo uphenduka ikhefu, ngakho-ke intwasahlobo iyeka ukusebenza ngokujwayelekile. Ukuxilonga intwasahlobo, kwanele ukwenza ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo. Kulesi simo, kufanelekile ukunaka ukungabikho kweziphambeko kumakhoyili entwasahlobo, kanye nobuqotho bamathebhu enjoloba atholakala ezindaweni zokufakwa kwawo. Uma intwasahlobo ihluleka, kufanele ishintshwe, ayikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ama-absorbers angemuva
Amabhuzu e-shock absorber asetshenziswa
Njengasendabeni ye-front shock absorbers, isidingo sokuxilonga impova. Zishintshe uma kunesidingo. lapho uhlola ama-absorbers, kufanelekile futhi ukunaka ukungabikho kokuvuza kwamafutha emzimbeni wayo. Uma i-absorber eyethusayo igoqeka, kufanelekile ukuyidiliza futhi uyihlakaze ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi izakhi zangaphakathi zisesimweni esihle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanelekile ukuhlola ama-rubber bushings ngaphakathi, avame ukuhluleka.
Uzodinga umsizi ukuze wenze ukuhlola. Udinga ukunyakazisa ingemuva lomzimba futhi ubone ukuthi kukhona yini ukudlala ezihlahleni kanye nesici sokuhamba phezulu naphansi kwe-shock absorber. Uma kukhona umdlalo, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ama-bushings asevele athuthukiswa ngendlela ye-oval - kufanele ashintshwe.
Izizathu ezengeziwe
Uma uhlole izingxenye ezibalwe ngenhla, kodwa ukungqongqoza okuvela ngemuva kusasele, kufanele unake izinto ezilandelayo:
- Ukumisa ukwesekwa. Lapha benza, njengasendabeni yokumiswa ngaphambili. Uma ihlanekezelwe, i-caliper izokwenza umsindo omkhulu, ngakho-ke ukuxilonga lokhu kuphuka akunzima.
- Ukuzala kwehabhu. Udinga ukujikijela yonke imoto noma isondo nje ofuna ukulihlola. Lapho uzungeza ngokukhululekile, ukuthwala akufanele kwenze umsindo, ukungqongqoza noma ukukhala. Uma uhlola, kungenzeka ukugcoba i-brake pad ngokumelene ne-disc, umsindo wayo ofana kakhulu ne-squeak. Ngakho-ke, lapho uxilonga, qaphela.
Ithebula elingezansi libonisa izimbangela eziyinhloko zomsindo ekumisweni okungemuva:
| Imvelo yokungqongqoza | Imbangela yokubhidlika | Ikhambi |
|---|---|---|
| Isithulu siyaduma lapho sishaywa emigodini noma emaqhumeni | Izinqamuli zokushaqeka zangemuva eziphukile | Lungisa ama-shock absorbers, uma engalungiseki - faka amasha |
| Ukuthud njalo lapho ushayela umugqa oqondile | Ukunyuswa kwe-shock absorber okubuthakathaka, ukuguga kwama-bushings emehlweni ama-absorbers angemuva | Qinisa ibhowudi edonsa ukushaqeka kanye namantongomane, buyisela ama-bushings lapho ukugqokwa sekuvele kuvele khona |
| Isidumo esibi lapho kunyakazisa umzimba ngenkathi ushayela emgwaqeni ongemuhle | Izihlahla ezilimele ezingalweni ezilengisiwe ezingemuva | Wonke ama-rubber bushings angashintshwa |
| Insimbi ingqongqoza, nokuwohloka kolunye uhlangothi lomzimba | Intwasahlobo ephukile noma ephukile | Faka esikhundleni esisha |
| Izithulu, ukungqongqoza okuqinile (ukuqhekeka) ngemuva kokumiswa | I-buffer iwile, ukuphuka kokumiswa kwangemuva kwanda | udinga ukufaka esikhundleni sebhafa edabukile noma egugile |
isiphetho
Ukungqongqoza ngaphambili noma ngemuva kwe-suspension kutshela umnikazi wemoto ukuthi kufanele kuxilongwe. Ngakho-ke, kwenze ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kubonakale sengathi ukungqongqoza okungenacala, kolunye uhlobo lwe-bushing kungaphenduki kube ukulungiswa kokumiswa okuphukile. Futhi ukuze uhlangabezane nokungqongqoza okuncane nokufiphele ekumisweni akuvamile ngangokunokwenzeka, sincoma ukuthi ukhethe imodi yokushayela efanele, ikakhulukazi emigwaqweni yasemaphandleni engalingani nasemigwaqweni yetiyela engemihle. Ngakho-ke uzosindisa imoto ekulungiseni, kanye nesikhwama sakho semali ekudotikeni okwengeziwe. Ungabuka ividiyo engezansi ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuxilonga abantu abangqongqozayo ekumisweni kwemoto.
Indlela yokuthola ukungqongqoza ekumisweni - yini futhi kanjani ingqongqoza?
