Injini ingqongqoza, yini okufanele uyenze nokuthi ungathola kanjani imbangela?

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, injini yezimoto idinga ukungenelela ngezikhathi ezithile ngendlela yesondlo, kanye nokulungiswa okuhleliwe nokungahleliwe. Kanye nohlu olukhulu lwezinkinga, izinjini "ezingqongqozayo" zaqala ukubonakala kaningi, ngaphandle kokuthola isikhathi sokwenza imayela ebekiwe.

Ngakho-ke, kungani injini iqala ukungqongqoza, indlela yokuthola nokuxazulula inkinga yemisindo engaphandle - funda.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-engine knock

Ingxenye enomthwalo wemfanelo kakhulu futhi enzima ngaphambi kokulungiswa ukwenza ukuxilongwa okunekhono. Injini yomlilo yangaphakathi iyiyunithi eyinkimbinkimbi lapho kunenqwaba yezingxenye zokuhlikihla, kanye nezindlela ezinokunyakaza okujikelezayo nokujikelezayo-kokuhumusha. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, ukuxilongwa kokungqongqoza enjini kuba nzima nakakhulu, noma kunjalo, ngosizo lwamadivayisi akhethekile kuzokwenzeka, uma kungenjalo, cishe ukuthola umthombo womsindo ongaphandle.

Ukuxilongwa kwezinjini zomsindo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuya ngamapharamitha ama-3:

1. Injani imvelo yomsindo: i-episodic, eyivelakancane noma engaguquki - ukuncika kwenzeka ngezinga lokusebenza noma ukuguga kwemishini ngayinye.
2. Iyini ithoni yomsindo. Lesi yisikhathi esibucayi nesinzima ukunquma ukunemba komsindo okhishwayo. Uchwepheshe onolwazi kuphela oqonda ukuthi umsindo omncane futhi onomsindo ezinjini ezahlukahlukene ungasho ukungasebenzi kahle okukodwa, okulele ekugqokeni kwe-crankshaft bearing. Ngokuya ngokwakhiwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi, uhlamvu lomsindo oluhlukile lungasho ukungasebenzi ngendlela efanayo.
3. Ukwenza kwasendaweni. Ukunquma indawo, kusetshenziswa i-stethoscope, ezoqondisa inkosi endaweni eseduze yomsindo okhishwayo.

Izizathu zokungqongqoza kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi

Kungase kube nezizathu eziningi zokuthi kungani ukusebenza kwenjini kuhambisana - kusukela kokugqama kakhulu, ngendlela yokushintsha uwoyela okufika ngesikhathi, ukudlula isisetshenziswa sewaranti yeyunithi yamandla. Cabangela zonke izinketho lapho kungaba khona ukungqongqoza, i-clatter, rattle kanye neminye imisindo yenjini engaphandle, kanye nezindlela zokuxilonga.

Masinyane, ngaphambi kokuthola izimbangela ezingaba khona, ake sibuyele kumqondo wokuqanjwa kwe-ICE. 

I-piston motor inemihlangano ebalulekile nemininingwane:

• Iqembu le-cylinder-piston - umsebenzi oqhubekayo wenziwa lapha, ohambisana nemijikelezo engu-4 (ukudla, ukucindezela, ukushaywa kanye nokukhipha);
• i-crank mechanism iyi-crankshaft enezinduku zokuxhuma kanye ne-flywheel. Lo mshini uphusha ama-piston, futhi kuwo uthola amandla omshini, adluliselwa ku-flywheel;
• umshini wokusabalalisa igesi - uqukethe i-camshaft enenkanyezi negiya, kanye ne-valve mechanism. I-camshaft ivunyelaniswa ne-crankshaft ngebhande, iketango noma igiya, amakhamera, ngengalo ye-rocker noma isinxephezelo se-hydraulic, icindezela ama-valve okungenisa nawokukhipha, lapho kungena khona uphethiloli nomoya futhi kuphume amagesi.

Yonke imininingwane engenhla iyanyakaza njalo, okusho ukuthi yimithombo engaba khona yazo zonke izinhlobo zemisindo engadingekile. 

Ungalalela kanjani ukungqongqoza kwenjini?

Ochwepheshe basebenzisa i-stethoscope ukuthola uhlobo lomsindo ongaphandle kanye nokwakheka kwawo. Ngokuzilalela, ungenza idivaysi ngokwakho, kepha isikhathi esisetshenzisiwe sizolingana ngqo nezindleko zokuxilongwa kwisevisi yemoto noma ukuthenga i-stethoscope yesabelomali. Ngendlela, ezinye iziteshi zensiza zinama-stethoscopes kagesi asesitokweni, akhombisa i-99.9% yendawo ngqo yomsuka womsindo.

Ekhuluma ngobuningi, emotweni encane kanye no-V "ayisishiyagalombili", umsindo wokuqala wokugqokwa kwamabhere abalulekile uzocaca, ngokungafani nowesibili. Imvamisa, izici zokwakhiwa kwenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi ziyizizathu zazo zonke izinhlobo zemisindo engadingekile.

Ukungqongqoza okukhishwa emotweni kungaba njalo, ngezikhathi ezithile kanye ne-episodic. Njengomthetho, ukungqongqoza kuhlotshaniswa nezinguquko ze-crankshaft, futhi lapho ijikeleza ngokushesha, lapho kungqongqoza kakhulu.

Umsindo ungashintsha ngokuya ngobungako bomthwalo enjinini, ngokwesibonelo, ngejubane elingenzi lutho, ngokuthepha okuncane, nasekuhambeni, ngejubane lama-30 km / h nokufakwa kwegiya lesi-5, umthwalo onjini unamandla, ngokulandelana, ukungqongqoza kungabonakala kakhulu. Kuyenzeka nokuthi kuzwakale ukungqongqoza okuqinile enjinini ebandayo, kuthi lapho ifinyelela izinga lokushisa lokusebenza, inyamalale.

Injini ingqongqoza ingenzi lutho

Lesi simo senzeka kuphela lapho singenzi lutho, futhi lapho ama-revs anda, imisindo engaphandle iyanyamalala. Akunasizathu sokukhathazeka okukhulu, kepha inkinga ayinakugwenywa. Mayelana nezizathu:

• kukhona okuthinta i-crankshaft pulley nepompo;
• ukuvikelwa kwenjini okungalungisiwe kahle noma icala lesikhathi;
• kuma-motors anebhande lesikhathi elinegiya lohlobo lwegear play;
•  ukukhulula ibhawodi le-crankshaft pulley.

Uma ama-piston engqongqoza

Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, imvume phakathi kwesilinda ne-piston iyanda kancane. Umkhiqizi unciphise imingcele ebekiwe yokususwa okujwayelekile, okudlula okuholela ekungqongqozeni kuphela, kepha nasekusebenziseni uwoyela, ukwehla kwamandla nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli.

Uma iminwe ye-piston ingqongqoza

Ukungqongqoza kweminwe yama-piston kuyakhala futhi kuyaduma. Umsindo ungazwakala kahle ngesethi ebukhali yezinguquko ze-crankshaft noma ukukhishwa okubukhali kwe- "gas". Lo mkhuba wenzeka lapho igebe landa ngaphezu kuka-0,1 mm. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa, udinga ukukhipha i-spark plug bese uvula injini. 

Imvamisa ukushaywa kweminwe kuhambisana nokuqhumisa, kanye nokuhamba ngejubane eliphansi ngegiya eliphezulu (njengoba bethanda ukugibela izinjini zikadizili). 

Ukungqongqoza ama-crankshaft bearings

Ukugqokwa kwama-liners kuhambisana nomsindo omnyama ongaguquki kuzo zonke izindlela zokusebenza zenjini yomlilo yangaphakathi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, ingcindezi kawoyela iyehla, "elahlekile" phakathi kwesibalo esikhuphukile phakathi kwe-liner nephephabhuku le-crankshaft.

Uma i-mileage yenjini inganikezeli ngokugqokwa kuma-liners, kunconywa ukuthi esikhundleni se-oyela ye-injini kube ne-thicker ngephakeji yokunezela edingekayo, bese ulalela injini. Lokhu kusiza ezimweni eziningi. 

Ukungqongqoza kwezinduku zokuxhuma

Ezimweni eziningi, ukugqokwa kwezixhumi zezinduku zokuxhuma kuhambisana nokungqongqoza okuqinile, futhi kuzosiza lapha ukufaka ama-bushings kuphela ngesici sokuqala se-crankshaft.

Uma singakunaki ukulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi, khona-ke kukhona inketho yokuvala iphephabhuku lenduku yokuxhuma, futhi lokhu kungumonakalo ku-crankshaft, ukuphula i-pallet, futhi nokwehluleka kwayo yonke i-cylinder block.

Ngendlela, uma inkinga ibingekho kumabheringi enduku yokuxhuma, khona-ke ilele ekucindezelweni okwanele kukawoyela, okuhambisana nezinto ezimbili: uwoyela ketshezi nokugqoka kwamagiya empompo kawoyela.

Imisindo ngendlela yokusabalalisa igesi

Into evamile imisindo engaphandle evela esikhathini. Ukuxilongwa kwenziwa lapho ikhava ye-valve isuswa, i-rocker (ingalo ye-rocker) noma iziphakamisi ze-hydraulic zihlolisiswa ngokucophelela, ukuphuma kwe-valve kuyahlolwa, futhi isimo samakhamera we-camshaft siyafundwa.

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukusetha imvume ye-valve, ngemuva kwalokho imoto ihlolwe imisindo engaphandle. Uma imoto ifakwe izinxephezelo, ziyagezwa, zihlolwe ukuthi zisebenza yini, futhi ngemuva kokufakwa, uwoyela uyashintshwa. Uma "ama-gidrics" ahleleke kahle, isikhathi sizosebenza kahle. 

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, izizathu zingakulezi ezilandelayo:

• ukugqoka kwekhamhaft cam;
• ukwanda kwemvume phakathi kwe-pusher ne-cam;
• isikhathi valve ekupheleni bafake;
• ukugqoka ama-washer wokulungisa.

Inkinga yokungqongqoza kanye nemisindo endaweni yesikhathi kufanele inakwe ngokushesha, ngaphandle kwalokho kunengozi yokuthi i-piston ishaye i-valve, noma ngokuphambene nalokho - i-valve iboshwe futhi ukucindezela ku-cylinder kwehla.

Izimoto ezidume kakhulu "ezingqongqoza"

Enye yezinjini ezidume kakhulu yi-1.6-litre CFNA unit, efakwe ezimotweni ezikhathaza i-VAG. Kuyinto motor chain nge 16 valve futhi isigaba shifter mshini.

Inkinga enkulu ukuthi ama-piston "abandayo" angqongqoza kuze kufike izinga lokushisa lokusebenza. Umkhiqizi wabona lokhu njengesici sokuklama seqembu le-cylinder-piston. 

Uchungechunge lwenjini ye-Renault's DCi diesel idume ngokungasebenzi kahle kwe-crank. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukushisa ngokweqile, ukulayishwa ngokweqile kanye noshintsho lwamafutha ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi ngaphambi kokufika ku-100 km, injini izokwehluleka.

Injini ebuthakathaka kakhulu ohlwini kwaba udizili ongu-1,5 litre K9K. Abanye bakubiza ngokuthi kungokwesilingo, ngoba "ihlupheka" ekuguquleni ama-liners abe yizinkulungwane eziyi-150 km.  

Amathiphu Wokulungisa Izinjini

Ukulungiswa kabusha kwenjini kusho ukushintshwa kwezakhi eziyinhloko zenjini: ama-piston anezindandatho, amalayili kanye nokugcinwa kwekhanda okuyisilinda okuphelele ngokushintshwa kweziqondisi ze-valve nokusika izihlalo. Amathiphu aphezulu:

• hlola njalo amasilinda ebhulokhi lesilinda ukuthola i-ellipse;
• khetha ama-piston namasongo ekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ngoba lokhu kwanele ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-200;
• ubukhulu bama-liners kufanele bukhethwe ngemuva kokulinganisa ngokunembile amaphephabhuku e-crankshaft, amabhawodi enduku yokuxhuma kufanele ahlolelwe ukungezwani;
• ukuhlangana kwemoto kufanele kuhambisane nokusetshenziswa kokunamathisela kwenhlangano noma ukuthambisa izindawo ezihlikihlwayo ukuze kungafakwa isiqalo “esomile”;
• sebenzisa kuphela uwoyela ohlangabezana nemayela nezidingo zomkhiqizi wemoto.

Imibuzo nezimpendulo:

Indlela yokuqonda ukuthi yini engqongqozayo enjini? Amaphiston, amaphinikhodi, amavalvu, iziphakamisi ezisebenza ngogesi, i-crankshaft noma izingxenye zeqembu lama-piston zingangqongqoza enjinini. Ama-piston angakwazi ukungqongqoza lapho kubanda. Lapho engenzi lutho, dlidliza ikesi lesikhathi, i-alternator pulley noma iphampu.

Kungenzeka yini ukushayela imoto uma injini ishaya? Kunoma yikuphi, ukungqongqoza emotweni akuyona into engokwemvelo, ngakho-ke udinga ukuxilonga imbangela. Kulokhu, injini kufanele ifudunyezwe ngaphambi kokushayela.

Yini eshaya injini ebandayo? Ukucaciswa okukhulu phakathi kwe-piston nodonga lwesilinda. Amapiston e-aluminium anda kakhulu uma kushisa, ngakho-ke ukungqongqoza enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi kuyanyamalala ngemva kokufudumala.