Ingabe kufanele ngishintshe amafutha enjini yami ngaphambi kobusika?
Amafutha ezimoto zebanga elilodwa ayinto yesikhathi esidlule. Ukube bekungenjalo, izitolo zokulungisa izimoto ezineqhwa lokuqala beziyovinjezelwa, hhayi nje ngenxa yokushintshwa kwamasondo, kodwa nangenxa yesidingo sokushintsha uwoyela wenjini ube ubusika. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi bezimoto batusa ukushintsha uwoyela wenjini ngemuva kwenani elithile lamakhilomitha noma okungenani kanye ngonyaka. Ingabe okunconyiwe "kanye ngonyaka" kusho ukuthi kufanelekile ukushintshwa ngaphambi kobusika?
Isiqinisekiso sokushayela okulula nokuphephile ebusika - yile ndlela umkhiqizi kawoyela akhangisa ngayo ngeminyaka yama-30s 
Isixuku. I-Mobiloil Arctic, eyayinikezwa abashayeli ngaleso sikhathi, yayiwuwoyela we-mono-grade okwakudingeka ushintshwe njengoba izinkathi zonyaka zishintsha. Njengoba ungafunda ezinqolobaneni zezimoto, la mafutha ashintshwe ngokukhethekile ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu zokusebenza kwenjini yasebusika. Inzuzo yayo ngaphezu komncintiswano ukuthi naphezu kokucaciswa kwayo kwasebusika, bekumele inikeze isivikelo esihle kakhulu senjini eshisayo. Ukuvikelwa okuphelele ngisho naku-400 degrees Fahrenheit (cishe u-200 °C), amaphephandaba aseNew York abika ngo-1933. Namuhla, amafutha emoto asetshenziswa ezinjinini zezemidlalo kumele amelane namazinga okushisa aze afike ku-300 ° C - isimo esifana ne-Mobil 1 amafutha ezimotweni zeVodafone McLaren Mercedes.
Ukukhethwa kwamafutha enjini yekhwalithi efanele kunomthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwemoto ebusika. Mayelana nalokhu, uwoyela wokwenziwa ngokusobala udlula uwoyela we-semi-synthetic kanye namaminerali. Kulezi ezimbili zokugcina, ukushintsha uwoyela ngaphambi kobusika kungaba isinqumo esihlakaniphile. Amafutha enjini alahlekelwa amapharamitha awo ngekhilomitha ngalinye elihanjwayo. Ivezwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi i-oxidized. Umphumela uwushintsho lwezakhiwo ze-physico-chemical. Lokhu kusebenza nasezindaweni zokushisa eziphansi, lapho ukusebenza kahle kwemoto yethu kuncike ebusika, ngoba amafutha okwenziwa lezi zinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane, futhi amafutha agcina ukusebenza kwawo isikhathi eside.
Ingabe ukuba mnyama kwamafutha kusho ukuthi alahlekelwa izici zawo?
Ukuhlola ukufaneleka kukawoyela wenjini kufika okungenani nezinganekwane ezimbili. Okokuqala, uma uwoyela wenjini yakho usuphenduke waba mnyama, yisikhathi sokucabanga ngokuwushintsha. Inganekwane yesibili evamile kubashayeli ukuthi uwoyela wemoto awugugi emotweni engasetshenziswa. Ngeshwa, ukufinyelela komoya (umoya-mpilo) kanye nokufiphala komhwamuko wamanzi kuzishintsha kakhulu izakhiwo zamafutha asele enjinini engenzi lutho. Eqinisweni, amafutha ashintsha umbala wawo amashumi amaningana amakhilomitha ngemva koshintsho. Lokhu kungenxa yokungcola okungasuswanga amafutha amadala, kanye nokungcoliswa okwakhiwa phakathi nenqubo yokusha, kuchaza u-Przemysław Szczepaniak, uchwepheshe wokuthambisa izimoto we-ExxonMobil.
Kungani ukhetha uwoyela wokwenziwa?
Uma izincomo zomkhiqizi wezimoto zikuvumela, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amafutha okwenziwa, azovikela kangcono injini ebusika. Amafutha okwenziwa esimanje afinyelela ngokushesha kumqhele we-piston, ama-conrod end bearing, namanye amaphoyinti okugcoba akude ngemva kokuba imoto iqalisiwe. I-Synthetic ingumholi ongenambangi, futhi imbangi yayo uwoyela wamaminerali; emazingeni okushisa aphansi, idinga imizuzwana embalwa ukuvikela zonke izingxenye zenjini. Ukugcoba okunganele kungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ongabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi kodwa ubonakale ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngendlela, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela wenjini ngokweqile, ukucindezela okuphansi kokucindezela nokulahlekelwa amandla enjini. Ngaphandle kokugeleza kukawoyela, ukungqubuzana kwensimbi kuya kwensimbi kumabheringi kungalimaza injini ngesikhathi sokuqalisa.
Ukugcina uketshezi lwamafutha emazingeni okushisa aphansi kwenza kube lula ukuqalisa injini futhi kunikeza ukunqamuka okungcono kokushisa. Ngakho-ke, uma sikhathalela ukuvikelwa okuhle kwenjini ebusika, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa amafutha okwenziwa futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokulandela izinguquko ezinconyiwe zesevisi. Ngakho, sizoqiniseka ukuthi amafutha azogcina izakhiwo zawo, okubaluleke kakhulu ezimweni ezinzima zokusebenza. Futhi sizolahlwa kulokhu ezinyangeni zasebusika.
