Kungenzeka yini ukufaka imoto eno gearbox ozishintshayo kwi-handbrake

I-brake yokupaka i-lever exhunywe ezicathulweni zamabhuleki ngekhebula elikhethekile eliguquguqukayo. Ake sibheke ezinye zezizathu ezenza abathandi bezimoto bayisebenzise noma ngabe inomshini ozishintshayo.

Ukuthembeka kokulungisa imoto

Uma upaka egqumeni, kuphakama umbuzo ukuthi yikuphi okungcono: "ukupaka" noma ibhuleki lesandla lendabuko. Uma imoto ikhiyiwe kule ndawo kusetshenziswa imodi yokupaka, umthelela noma ukwakheka kungase kuphule ibhampa futhi kubangele ukuba imoto yehle umqansi.

Ngisho noma kungekho amathonya angaphandle okwenzekayo, khumbula ukuthi inqwaba yomshini izowela esitobhini namagiya, futhi aguga ngokushesha. Ngisho "nenkampani" ungonakalisa idrayivu yemishini ye-blocker. Ukuthi lokhu kuphuka kuzokwenzeka isikhathi esingakanani kuyiphuzu elilula, kodwa kusengcono ukuvimbela ukulungiswa okungenzeka futhi usebenzise ibhuleki lokupaka endaweni yokupaka. Sicela uqaphele: ukuze ushintshe isitobhi, uzodinga ukususa ngokuphelele i-gearbox, uyivule futhi ushintshe isici.

Ibhuleki lokupaka lithembeke kakhulu. Iklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukumelana nemithwalo enzima futhi isekele umshini ngisho nasemithambekeni eyimiqansa. Lesi, vele, yisikhathi esilinganiselwe, futhi akuwona umqondo omuhle "ukuhlola ukushayela" ibhuleki lokupaka imoto yakho.

Inketho ekahle kungaba inqubo elandelayo kokubili emthambekeni nasendaweni ephansi: simisa imoto, sicindezela ibhuleki, siqinise ibhuleki lesandla, sibeke isikhethi kumodi ye-P bese sikhulula ibhuleki bese sivala injini. Ngakho imoto yakho izolungiswa ngendlela enokwethenjelwa futhi usengozini yokuhlangabezana nezinkinga ezimbalwa. Ukuze uphume emthambekeni: cindezela i-pedal yebhuleki, qala injini, faka isikhethi kumodi ethi "Drive" futhi, ekugcineni, ukhulule ibhuleki lesandla.

Ukuvikelwa kokuhlukaniswa kokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo

Esinye isizathu sokuthi kungani kufanele ukhethe ibhuleki lokupaka kunemodi ye-"Parking" ukuvikela ukudluliswa kwe-othomathikhi ekulimaleni uma enye imoto iyishaya ngephutha. Uma ngesikhathi somthelela imoto yayise-brake yokupaka, akukho okubi okuzokwenzeka futhi ukulungiswa kuzobiza kancane kakhulu uma ukuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo kuhlupheka (futhi ukulungiswa kwe-othomathikhi kuyabiza).

Ukwakhiwa komkhuba

Uma ukhetha umshini ozishintshayo ozishintshayo futhi usushintshele ku-othomathikhi isikhathi eside, ungalideleli ibhuleki lokupaka. Impilo ingakuphoqa ukuthi ushintshele emotweni ene-manual transmission: kuzoba eyakho noma eyomngane, akubalulekile kangako, kodwa umkhuba wokucindezela i-handbrake uma ume uzovikela impahla yakho kanye nempahla yabanye abantu ngendlela engaqondakali. izimo.

Ukufinyelela ibhuleki lokupaka kusafundiswa ezikoleni zokushayela kusukela esemncane, futhi ngesizathu esihle.

Isetshenziswa kanjani ibhuleki lesandla

Ibhuleki lesandla empeleni liqukethe indlela yokwenza ibhuleki, esesimweni se-lever noma i-pedal, namakhebuli asebenza kusistimu eyinhloko.

Isetshenziswa kanjani?

Hambisa i-lever ukuze ime endaweni eqondile; uzozwa ukuchofoza kwe-latch. Kwenzekeni phakathi emotweni? Izintambo zinwetshiwe - zicindezela amabhuleki amasondo angemuva ezigubhini. Njengoba amasondo angemuva evaliwe, imoto iyancipha.

Ukuze ukhulule ibhuleki yokupaka, cindezela futhi ubambe inkinobho yokukhulula bese wehlisela phansi i-lever endaweni yayo yangempela.

Izinhlobo zamabhuleki okupaka

Ngokuya ngohlobo lokushayela, ibhuleki yokupaka ihlukaniswe yaba:

• omakhenikha;
• umfutholuketshezi;
• i-electromechanical parking brake (EPB).

Ibhuleki lokupaka ikhebula

Inketho yokuqala iyona evame kakhulu ngenxa yobulula bokuklama nokuthembeka. Ukuze uvule ibhuleki lokupaka, vele udonsele isibambo siqonde kuwe. Izintambo eziqinile zivimba amasondo futhi zinciphisa isivinini. Izoma imoto. I-hydraulic parking brake isetshenziswa kancane kakhulu.

Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-clutch, ibhuleki yokupaka yile:

• i-pedal (unyawo);
• nge-lever

Ibhuleki yokupaka izinyawo

Ezimotweni ezinomshini ozishintshayo, kusetshenziswa ibhuleki lokupaka elihamba nge-pedal. I-handbrake pedal kumshini onjalo itholakala esikhundleni se-clutch pedal.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokusebenza kwebhuleki lokupaka ezindleleni zamabhuleki:

• isigubhu;
• ikhamera;
• isikulufa;
• isikhungo noma ukudluliswa.

Amabhuleki ezigubhu asebenzisa i-lever okuthi, lapho intambo idonswa, iqale ukusebenza kuma-brake pads. Laba bamuva bacindezelwa isigubhu bese kwenzeka ukubhuleka.

Uma kufakwa ibhuleki eliphakathi nendawo, akuwona amasondo avimbekile, kodwa i-propeller shaft.

Kukhona ne-electric parking brake lapho i-disc brake ihlangana ne-motor kagesi.

Kwenzekani uma upaka imoto yakho emthambekeni ngaso sonke isikhathi

I-Logic itshela abashayeli abaningi bezimoto ukuthi umshini ozishintshayo uzodingeka umelane nemithwalo yokupaka eqhubekayo emthambekeni. Lokhu kuzobangela ukuthi iphinikhodi ihluleke. Imoto izogingqika.

Qaphela! Amamanuwali omnikazi wezimoto ezishintshayo aluleka umnikazi wemoto ongenalwazi ukuthi akhumbule ukusebenzisa ibhuleki lesandla emithambekeni noma endaweni etshekile.

Yebo, nasezindaweni zokupaka eziyisicaba kuyalulekwa ukuthi usebenzise ibhuleki lokupaka. Uma enye imoto iphahlazeka endaweni yokupaka ngaphandle kwebhuleki yokupaka, uzodinga ukulungisa hhayi kuphela ibhampa, kodwa wonke ukudluliselwa okuzenzakalelayo.

Funda kabanzi mayelana ne-electromechanical handbrake

Iqhubeka nesihloko sedivayisi ye-EPB, masiphinde sithinte iyunithi yokulawula ye-elekthronikhi. Kuhlanganisa iyunithi yokulawula ngokwayo, izinzwa zokufaka kanye ne-actuator. Ukudluliswa kwamasiginali okokufaka kuyunithi kulawulwa okungenani izilawuli ezintathu: izinkinobho kukhonsoli emaphakathi yemoto, inzwa edidiyelwe yokutsheka, kanye nenzwa ye-clutch pedal etholakala ku-clutch actuator. I-block ngokwayo, ithola isignali, inikeza umyalo kumadivayisi asetshenzisiwe, isibonelo, i-motor motor.

Imvelo ye-EPV ijikeleza, okungukuthi, idivayisi iyacisha bese ivula futhi. Ukuvula kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izinkinobho ezishiwo kakade kukhonsoli yemoto, kodwa ukuvala shaqa kuyazenzakalela: ngokushesha nje lapho imoto ihamba, ibhuleki lesandla liyacishwa. Nokho, ngokucindezela i-pedal yebhuleki, ungakwazi ukuvala i-EPB ngokucindezela inkinobho ehambisanayo. Lapho kukhishwa ibhuleki, iyunithi yokulawula ye-EPB ihlaziya imingcele elandelayo: indawo ye-clutch pedal, kanye nesivinini sokukhululwa kwayo, indawo ye-accelerator pedal, ukuthambekela kwemoto. Uma kucatshangelwa le mingcele, uhlelo lungavalwa ngesikhathi esifanele - ingozi yokuba imoto ihambe, isibonelo, emthambekeni, iba zero.

I-EPB elula kunazo zonke futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esebenza kahle kakhulu ye-electromechanical ezimotweni ezinokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Isebenza kahle uma usebenzisa imoto emadolobheni amakhulu, lapho ukushintshana kuqala khona futhi kuvame ukuma. Amasistimu athuthukile anenkinobho ekhethekile yokulawula ethi "Bamba Ngokuzenzakalelayo", ngokucindezela ongakwazi ukuyimisa okwesikhashana ngaphandle kwengozi yokuhlehlisa imoto. Lokhu kuwusizo edolobheni elikhulunywe ngenhla: umshayeli uzodinga kuphela ukucindezela le nkinobho esikhundleni sokuhlala ebambe i-pedal yebhuleki endaweni ephansi kakhulu.

Vele, ibhuleki lokupaka elithuthukisiwe le-electromechanical libukeka likusasa futhi livumelana kakhulu. Eqinisweni, kukhona okungenani ukushiyeka okungu-3 okuthinta kabi ukuthandwa kwe-EPB. Kodwa ake sithinte izinzuzo zesistimu:

• Izinzuzo: ukubumbana, ukusebenza kalula ngokweqile, asikho isidingo sokulungiswa, ukuvala shaqa okuzenzakalelayo ekuqaleni, ukuxazulula inkinga yokuhlehlisa imoto;
• Ukungalungi: izindleko eziphakeme, ukuncika ekushajweni kwebhethri (uma ikhishwe ngokuphelele, ngeke isebenze ukususa ibhuleki lesandla emotweni), ukungenakwenzeka kokulungisa amandla okubhuleka.

I-drawback eyinhloko ye-EPB ivela ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kuphela. Uma imoto ingasebenzi isikhathi eside, ibhethri izoba nesikhathi sokuyikhipha; akukho mfihlo kulokhu. Kubanikazi bemoto yedolobha egijimayo, le nkinga ayivamile ukwenzeka, kodwa uma ezokuthutha zidinga ngempela ukushiywa endaweni yokupaka isikhashana, uzodinga ukuthola ishaja noma ugcine ibhethri lishajiwe. Ngokuqondene nokwethembeka, ukuzijwayeza kubonise ukuthi kule parameter i-EPB ingaphansi kwamabhuleki esandla ajwayelekile, kodwa kancane kuphela.

Inhloso yemishini yokuhlukumeza yokupaka

Ibhuleki lokupaka (elibizwa nangokuthi ibhuleki lesandla noma ibhuleki lesandla ngamafuphi) liwukulawula okubalulekile kumabhuleki emoto yakho. Uhlelo oluyinhloko lusetshenziswa ngokuqondile ngenkathi ushayela. Kodwa umsebenzi webhuleki lokupaka uhlukile: izobamba imoto uma imiswa endaweni ethambekile. Isiza ukwenza amajika abukhali ezimotweni zezemidlalo. Ukusetshenziswa kwebhuleki lokupaka nakho kungaphoqeleka: uma uhlelo lwamabhuleki oluyinhloko luhluleka, usebenzisa ibhuleki lokupaka ukuze umise imoto esimweni esiphuthumayo, esiphuthumayo.

Ukungasebenzi kahle kwamabhuleki

Idizayini elula yesistimu yamabhuleki ekugcineni yaba ubuthakathaka bayo - eziningi ezingezona izinto ezinokwethenjelwa kakhulu zenza lonke uhlelo lungathembeki. Yiqiniso, umshayeli akavamile ukuhlangabezana nokungasebenzi kahle kwebhuleki yokupaka, kodwa izibalo zibonisa ukuthi ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, umnikazi wayo okungenani wake wafunda inkinga yokungasebenzi kahle kwamabhuleki okupaka. Nakhu ongase ukuqaphele:

• Ukwanda kokuhamba kwe-lever ehamba phambili. Ngalolu khetho, okukodwa kwalokhu okulandelayo kuyabonwa: ubude benduku buye banda noma isikhala phakathi kwesigubhu nezicathulo senyukile ezinhlelweni zamabhuleki ezifanele. Esimweni sokuqala nesesibili, ukulungiswa kuyadingeka, futhi okwesibili, ukushintshwa kwamapads kungase kube ozikhethela;
• Akukho okuvimbayo. Izinketho zimi kanje: jam i-spacer mechanism, "gcoba" ama-pads, konke okukhonjiswe endimeni edlule. Lokhu kuzodinga ukuhlakazwa kwemishini nokuhlanzwa kwazo. Ukulungisa noma ukushintsha amaphedi kuzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga;
• Akukho ukuvinjelwa. Kalula nje, amabhuleki ashisa kakhulu. Kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi i-brake mechanism iyanamathela yini, ukuthi izikhala zibekwe ngendlela efanele yini, futhi kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo yokuhlanganisa isesimweni esihle. Ukuqhaqha, ukuhlanza nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezengeziwe kuzoxazulula inkinga yokukhulula ibhuleki.

Iphutha ngalinye: inkinga ngelambu lesexwayiso sebhuleki. Ingasha noma ingashi kuzo zonke izimo. Kulokhu, inkinga cishe itholakala ngokunembile ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto. Uma kufanele usebenze ngokuqondile ngomshini wamabhuleki okupaka, zilungiselele ukuthenga ikhebula lamabhuleki okupaka kusengaphambili. Ikhebula langempela kuphela elisebenza isikhathi eside, kodwa abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto abanqumi insiza ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu - cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-100. Kalula nje, ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, kuzodingeka ukuthi ushintshe ikhebula okungenani kanye noma ulungise ukungezwani kwayo.

Ukuhlola ibhuleki lokupaka kulula kakhulu: beka imoto emthambekeni, bese ucindezela i-lever yonke indlela. Izinto zokuthutha akufanele zinyakaze, kodwa ukukhanya okuhambisanayo kuphaneli kufanele kukhanye. Uma kungekho kulokhu okungenhla okwenzekile, udinga ukuphinda isheke. Uma umphumela ungashintshi, ibhuleki lokupaka lizodinga ukushintshwa noma kuhlolwe uhlelo lukagesi.

Izici zokuklama nokuqhekeka kwebhuleki lesandla

Ukusebenzisa imoto enebhuleki elingasebenzi kahle kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, uma kutholakala ukungasebenzi kahle, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo kochwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe. Othile uncamela ukusebenzisa ibhuleki lokupaka endaweni yokupaka, futhi othile ufaka imoto egiyeni eliphansi.

Nokho, ukusebenzisa inketho yokugcina kuyingozi lapho umshayeli engakwazi ukukhohlwa ngesivinini esifakiwe futhi ngemva kokuqalisa injini, imoto ingase incike emuva noma phambili. Ibhuleki lokupaka lisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokupaka kanye nasemithambekeni. Ibhuleki liphinde lisetshenziswe ukuqala nokubhuleka emithambekeni. Ibhuleki lokupaka linedrayivu yemishini, eyenziwa isebenze uma icindezelwe:

• ukucindezela okunamandla kuvimbela ngokucijile amasondo;
• ingcindezi emnene iphumela ekuncipheni kancane, okulawulwayo.

Ngokuya ngomklamo webhuleki lokupaka, ingavimba amasondo angemuva noma i-propeller shaft. Esimweni sokugcina, bakhuluma ngebhuleki eliphakathi. Uma kufakwa ibhuleki lokupaka, izintambo ziqina ngokulinganayo, okubangela ukuthi amasondo akhiye. Ibhuleki lokupaka linesensa ekhombisa ukuthi inkinobho yebhuleki yokupaka icindezelwe futhi ibhuleki liyasebenza.

Ngaphambi kokushayela, qiniseka ukuthi inkomba yebhuleki yokupaka ivaliwe. Ukulungisa ibhuleki lokupaka kuqala ngokubheka ukusebenza kwayo. Le nqubo kufanele yenziwe njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20-30.

Ngisho noma ibhuleki lokupaka lisebenza ngokungenasici, lidinga ukubhekwa. Ukuze uhlole ibhuleki lokupaka, cindezela ngokugcwele ibhuleki lokupaka bese usebenzisa igiya lokuqala. Khona-ke udinga ukukhulula kancane kancane i-clutch pedal.

Uma ingekho inkinga ngebhuleki lokupaka, injini yemoto izoma. Uma imoto iqala ukuhamba kancane, ibhuleki lokupaka kufanele lilungiswe noma lilungiswe. Isibonelo wukushintsha izintambo zamabhuleki okupaka. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ukuze ibhuleki libhekane namandla okucindezela futhi amasondo avimbe. I-footrest noma ilifti ingasetshenziswa ukulungisa ibhuleki lokupaka. Kungcono ukuphathisa umsebenzi kochwepheshe.