Isiqalisi kanye nejeneretha. Ukungasebenzi kahle nezindleko zokulungisa

Izinkinga zokuqalisa izimoto zihlupha abashayeli ngesikhathi sasekwindla/sebusika. Akuyona inkinga yebhethri njalo. Isiqalo sivame ukuhluleka.

Ukuwohloka okujwayelekile kwasebusika okwenza kube nzima ukuqala imoto yizinkinga ngesiqalisi. Lesi sakhi, njengoba negama laso liphakamisa, siyingxenye ye-electromechanical esetshenziselwa ukuqala injini.

Kufanele i-spin

Isiqalisi ngokuvamile sinemoto kagesi ye-DC. Ezimotweni, amabhasi kanye namaveni amancane, inikezwa nge-12 V. Endabeni yamaloli, i-24 V. Le divayisi idla amandla amaningi kunoma yimuphi owamukelayo emotweni, kodwa kuphela isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. isikhathi - lapho injini isebenza.

"Ngokuvamile lokhu kumayelana ne-150-200 A, kodwa kunezimoto ezidinga kuze kufike ku-600 A. Konke kuncike emandleni okuqalisa, okuyinto esukela ku-0,4-10 kW," kuchaza uKazimierz Kopec, umnikazi weBendiks. iwebhusayithi. e-Rzeszow.

Ukuqala injini, isiqalisi kufanele senze umsebenzi omningi. Okokuqala, kufanele inqobe ukumelana nokungqubuzana kwamabheringi e-crankshaft, ama-piston kanye nokucindezelwa kwenjini. Endabeni yezinjini ze-diesel, isivinini esidingekayo ukuze uqale umsebenzi ozimele singama-100-200 rpm. Futhi ezimotweni zikaphethiloli, iphansi futhi ngokuvamile ilingana nama-40-100 revolutions. Ngakho-ke, iziqalo ezisetshenziswa ezinjinini zikadizili zinamandla kakhulu.

Khanyisa kaningi, sebenzisa ngokushesha

Njenganoma iyiphi ingxenye yemoto, isiqalisi sinesikhathi sokuphila. Endabeni yamaloli, kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu ngokuvamile kuyi-700-800 ayizinkulungwane. km. Ezimotweni, izinkulungwane eziyi-150-160 kuphela. km. Incane, imvamisa injini iqalwa. Izimpawu zokuqala zokonakala yizinkinga zokuqalisa injini nokuqhekeka ngaphansi kwesivalo ngokushesha ngemva kokuvula ukhiye. Ngokuvamile zenzeka emazingeni okushisa aphansi.

- Ukuphuka okuvame kakhulu ukugqokwa kwamabhulashi, ama-bendx nama-bushings. Okusengozini kakhulu kuyo izimoto lapho isiqalisi singavalwanga ngokwanele futhi kungena ukungcola okuningi. Lokhu, ngokwesibonelo, kuyinkinga ngezinjini zikadizili zakwaFord, lapho zimbozwe khona ukungcola okusuka eclutch egugile kanye namasondo e-dual-mass, kuchaza uKazimierz Kopec.

Yini okufanele uyenze ukuze imoto ihlale iqala ebusika?

Ngokuvamile, ukuwohloka kwenzeka ngephutha lomshayeli, okuthi, lapho eqala injini, acindezele i-pedal pedal, futhi kufanele acindezele i-clutch pedal.

– Lena inkinga enkulu. Imvamisa, isiqalisi siphenduka cishe ngo-4 rpm lapho siqala. rpm. Ngokucindezela i-pedal yegesi, siyayikhulisa ibe cishe ku-10, okuthi ngaphansi kwethonya lamandla e-centrifugal kungaholela ekulimaleni komshini, kuchaza u-Kazimierz Kopic.

ISIVUMELWANO

Izindleko zokuvuselela iziqalisi eziphelele cishe nge-PLN 70. Intengo ihlanganisa ukuxilonga, ukuhlanzwa nokushintshwa kwezingxenye ezilimele nezigugile. Ukuze uqhathanise, isiqalisi esisha sokuqala, isibonelo, sikaphethiloli we-Peugeot 406-litre amabili kubiza cishe i-PLN 750. Ukushintsha kubiza cishe ngama-450 PLN.

I-air conditioning nayo idinga ukulungiswa ekwindla nasebusika

Indlela yokunakekela le ngxenye? Umakhenikha uthi kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina izinga elifanele lebhethri. Ikakhulukazi ezimotweni ezindala, kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sale ngxenye ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukususwa nokufakwa kwe-starter kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kwenziwe nguchwepheshe ozoqinisekisa ukuthi isihlalo saso sihlanzwa kahle futhi sivikelekile. Izinsizakalo zokuvuselela ezichwepheshile ngokuvamile ziza newaranti yezinyanga eziyisithupha.

Awukwazi ukuya kude ugesi ungenawo

I-generator nayo iyisici esibaluleke kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-hood yemoto. Lena i-alternator exhunywe ku-crankshaft isebenzisa ibhande elinezimbambo ze-V noma i-V-belt edlulisa idrayivu. Ijeneretha yakhelwe ukunikeza amandla ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto kanye nokushaja ibhethri ngenkathi ushayela. I-current egcinwe ebhethrini nayo iyadingeka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa lapho ijeneretha ingasebenzi. Ibhethri iphinde ibe namandla ohlelweni lukagesi lwemoto uma imoto imile lapho injini icishiwe. Yiqiniso, ngamandla akhiqizwa ngaphambili yi-generator.

Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza kwayo okushelelayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Nge-alternator eyonakele, imoto izokwazi ukushayela kuphela lapho amandla agcinwe ebhethri anele.

Njengoba i-alternator ikhiqiza i-alternator current, i-rectifier circuit iyadingeka ekwakhiweni kwayo. Nguye onesibopho sokuthola i-current ngqo ekuphumeni kwedivayisi. Ukugcina i-voltage eqhubekayo ebhethri, ngokuphambene nalokho, i-regulator yayo isetshenziswa, egcina i-voltage yokushaja ku-13,9-14,2V yokufakwa kwe-12-volt kanye ne-27,9-28,2V yokufakwa kwe-24-volt. Imali eyengeziwe maqondana ne-voltage elinganiselwe yebhethri iyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushajwa kwayo.

Izibani zasekwindla - kanjani ukuzinakekela?

- Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-generator ukugqoka ama-bearings, indandatho yokugqoka kanye namabhulashi ombusi. Zenzeka kaningi ezimotweni ezinokuvuza ezinhlelweni zezinjini ezivuzayo, kanye nasezimotweni ezichayeke ezintweni zangaphandle, ezifana namanzi noma usawoti, kuchaza uKazimierz Kopec.

Ukukhiqiza kabusha i-generator kubiza cishe i-PLN 70. Ukuze uqhathanise, generator entsha 2,2-litre Honda Accord udizili kubiza mayelana 2-3 ayizinkulungwane. i-zloty.

Njalo vakashela igalaji uma inkomba yokushaja ingavali ngenkathi ushayela. Ungalibali nalokhu, ngoba ngemuva kokuthi ibhethri selikhishwe ngokuphelele, imoto izomane ime - imibhobho izoyeka ukunikeza uphethiloli enjinini.

Imisindo yokugaya, evame ukukhombisa isidingo sokushintsha ama-alternator bearings, kufanele futhi kube yimbangela yokukhathazeka.

Umbhalo nesithombe: Bartosz Gubernat

ISIVUMELWANO