Ingilazi yamanzi

Ingilazi ewuketshezi iyisisombululo esigxilile se-sodium metasilicate Na2SiO3 (usawoti we-potassium nawo usetshenziswa). Yenziwa ngokuncibilikisa i-silica (njengesihlabathi) kusixazululo se-sodium hydroxide: 

Ingilazi yamanzi empeleni, iyingxube kasawoti we-silicic acid ehlukahlukene enamazinga ahlukene we-polymerization. Isetshenziswa njenge-impregnation (isibonelo, ukuvikela izindonga kusuka kumswakama, njengesivikelo somlilo), ingxenye ye-putty kanye nama-sealants, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto ze-silicone, kanye nesengezo sokudla ukuvimbela ukupheka (E 550). Ingilazi ewuketshezi ethengiswayo ingasetshenziselwa ukuhlola okuningana okumangalisayo (ngoba iwuketshezi oluwugqinsi olunoshukela, isetshenziswa ehlanjululwe ngo-1:1 ngamanzi).

Esivivinyweni sokuqala, sizokwengeza ingxube ye-silicic acid. Ukuze sihlole, sizosebenzisa izixazululo ezilandelayo: ingilazi ewuketshezi ne-ammonium chloride NH.₄I-Cl nephepha lenkomba ukuhlola ukusabela (isithombe 1).

I-Chemistry - ingxenye yengilazi ewuketshezi 1 - MT

Ingilazi ewuketshezi njengosawoti we-asidi ebuthakathaka kanye nesisekelo esiqinile esixazululweni samanzi ngokuvamile i-hydrolyzed futhi i-alkaline (isithombe 2). Thela isisombululo se-ammonium chloride (isithombe 3) kubhekha nesisombululo sengilazi yamanzi bese ugoqa okuqukethwe (isithombe 4). Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, kwakheka i-gelatinous mass (isithombe 5), okuyinhlanganisela yama-asidi esilicic:

(empeleni uSiO₂?nge₂O ? kwakheka ama-silicic acid anamazinga ahlukene e-hydration).

Indlela yokusabela yebhekha emelwe isibalo esifinyeziwe esingenhla imi kanje:

a) i-sodium metasilicate ekuxazululeni ihlukanisa futhi ibe ne-hydrolysis:

b) i-ammonium ion isabela nge-hydroxide ions:

Njengoba ama-ion e-hydroxyl esetshenziswa ekuphenduleni b), ukulingana kokusabela a) kushintshela kwesokudla futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ama-asidi esilicic akhuphuka.

Esivivinyweni sesibili, sikhula "izitshalo zamakhemikhali". Izixazululo ezilandelayo zizodingeka ekuhloleni: ingilazi ewuketshezi nosawoti wensimbi? insimbi (III), insimbi (II), ithusi (II), i-calcium, ithini (II), i-chromium (III), i-manganese (II).

I-Chemistry - ingxenye yengilazi ewuketshezi 2 - MT

Ake siqale ukuhlola ngokwethula amakristalu amaningana kasawoti we-iron chloride (III) FeCl eshubhuni yokuhlola.₃ kanye nesixazululo sengilazi ewuketshezi (isithombe 6). Ngemva kwesikhashana, izitshalo ezinsundu? (isithombe 7, 8, 9), kusuka ku-insoluble iron (III) metasilicate:

Futhi, usawoti wezinye izinsimbi uvumela ukuthi uthole imiphumela ephumelelayo:

• ithusi(II)? isithombe 10
• i-chromium(III)? Isithombe 11
• insimbi(II)? Isithombe 12
• calcium? Isithombe 13
• manganese (II)? Isithombe 14
• ukuhola (II)? Isithombe 15

Indlela yezinqubo eziqhubekayo isekelwe kwinto ye-osmosis, okungukuthi, ukungena kwezinhlayiya ezincane ngokusebenzisa ama-pores we-semipermeable membranes. Amadiphozithi ama-silicates ensimbi angancibiliki akha njengongqimba oluncane endaweni kasawoti ongeniswe eshubhu lokuhlola. Amangqamuzana amanzi angena ezimbotsheni zolwelwesi oluwumphumela, abangele ukuba usawoti wensimbi ongaphansi uncibilike. Isixazululo esiphumela siphusha ifilimu kuze kube yilapho iqhuma. Ngemva kokuthulula isixazululo sikasawoti wensimbi, ingabe i-silicate precipitate iphinde ibe nemvula? umjikelezo uyaziphinda kanye nesitshalo samakhemikhali? iyanda.

Ngokubeka ingxube yamakristalu kasawoti wezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene esitsheni esisodwa bese sinisela ngesisombululo sengilazi ewuketshezi, singakhula yini yonke "ingadi yamakhemikhali"? (isithombe 16, 17, 18).

Izithombe