Ithangi elimaphakathi i-T-34
Okuqukethwe
Ithangi elimaphakathi i-T-34
Ukuhamba okuphezulu kwanikezwa injini enamandla yedizili namathrekhi abanzi. Ukwenziwa okuphezulu komklamo kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukusetha ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial ye-T-34 ezitshalweni eziyisikhombisa zokwakha imishini yemishini ehlukene. Phakathi neMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kanye nokwanda kwenani lamathangi akhiqizwayo, umsebenzi wokuthuthukisa umklamo wabo nokwenza lula ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza waxazululwa. Ama-prototypes okuqala e-welded and cast turret, okwakunzima ukuwenza, athathelwa indawo yi-cast-cast hexagonal turret elula. Impilo yenjini ende iye yazuzwa ngezihlanzi zomoya ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, amasistimu okugcoba athuthukisiwe, kanye nokwethulwa kombusi wemodi yonke. Ukushintsha i-main clutch kufakwe esezingeni eliphezulu nokwethulwa kuka-gearbox onamagiya amahlanu esikhundleni sonamagiya amane kube nomthelela ekwenyukeni kwesivinini. Amathrekhi aqinile namarola okulingisa athuthukisa ukwethembeka kwenqola yangaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwethembeka kwethangi lilonke kwanda, kuyilapho ubunzima bokukhiqiza buncishisiwe. Sekukonke, phakathi neminyaka yempi, amathangi angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-52 T-34, abamba iqhaza kuzo zonke izimpi.
Umlando wokudalwa kwethangi le-T-34Ngomhla ziyi-13 kuMfumfu, 1937, isikhungo sesitimela saseKharkov esiqanjwe ngeComintern (iplanti inombolo 183) sanikezwa izidingo zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe zokuklama nokukhiqizwa kwethangi elisha elilandelwa ngomkhondo elinamasondo i-BT-20. Ukuze kufezwe lo msebenzi, ngesinqumo soMqondisi Omkhulu we-8 weCommissariat Yabantu Yemboni Yezokuvikela, kwasungulwa ihhovisi lokuklama elikhethekile embonini, elingaphansi kukanjiniyela oyinhloko. Wathola igama lemboni A-20. Phakathi nomklamo walo, elinye ithangi lasungulwa, elicishe lifane ne-A-20 ngokwesisindo nobukhulu. Umehluko wayo omkhulu kwaba wukungabi bikho kwe-wheel drive.
Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-May 4, 1938, emhlanganweni weKomiti Yezokuvikela yase-USSR, kwanikezwa amaphrojekthi amabili: ithangi elilandelwa ngamasondo A-20 kanye ne-A-32 elandelwayo. Ngo-August, bobabili bacatshangelwa emhlanganweni we-Main Military Council, bagunyazwa futhi engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka olandelayo benziwa ngensimbi.
Ngokusho kwedatha yayo yezobuchwepheshe nokubukeka, ithangi le-A-32 lihluke kancane ku-A-20. Kube yithani eli-1 elisindayo (isisindo sokulwa - amathani ayi-19), linobukhulu obufanayo kanye nokuma kwe-hull ne-turret. Imboni yamandla yayifana - idizili V-2. Umehluko omkhulu bekungukungabikho kwesondo lokushayela, ubukhulu bezikhali (30 mm esikhundleni se-25 mm ye-A-20), inganono engu-76 mm (45 mm ekuqaleni yafakwa kusampula yokuqala), ukuba khona kweziyisihlanu. amasondo omgwaqo ohlangothini olulodwa ku-chassis.
Ukuhlolwa okuhlangene kwayo yomibili imishini kwenziwa ngoJulayi - Agasti 1939 endaweni yokuqeqeshwa eKharkov futhi kwembula ukufana kwezici zabo zamaqhinga nezobuchwepheshe, ikakhulukazi ezinamandla. Isivinini esiphezulu sezimoto zokulwa kumathrekhi sasifana - 65 km / h; izivinini ezimaphakathi nazo zicishe zilingane, futhi isivinini sokusebenza sethangi le-A-20 kumasondo namathrekhi awazange ahluke kakhulu. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa, kwaphetha ngokuthi i-A-32, eyayinomkhawulo wokwanda kwesisindo, kufanele ivikelwe ngezikhali ezinamandla kakhulu, ngokulandelana, okwandisa amandla ezingxenye ngazinye. Ithangi elisha lithole igama elithi A-34.
Ngo-Okthoba-November 1939, kwahlolwa imishini emibili ye-A-32, ilayishwe kufika ku-6830 kg (kuze kufike ku-A-34). Ngesisekelo salezi zivivinyo, ngo-December 19, ithangi A-34 yamukelwa Red Army ngaphansi uphawu T-34. Kuze kube sekuqaleni kwempi, izikhulu ze-People's Commissariat of Defense zazingenawo umbono oqinile mayelana nethangi le-T-34, elalivele lifakwe emsebenzini. Abaphathi besitshalo No. 183 abazange bavumelane nombono wekhasimende futhi badlulisela lesi sinqumo ehhovisi eliphakathi kanye ne-commissariat yabantu, benikeza ukuqhubeka nokukhiqiza futhi banikeze ibutho amathangi i-T-34 ngokulungiswa kanye ne-warranty mileage ehlisiwe yaba ngu-1000. km (kusuka ku-3000). K. E. Voroshilov waqeda ingxabano, evumelana nombono wesitshalo. Kodwa-ke, i-drawback eyinhloko ephawulwe embikweni wochwepheshe be-NIBT Polygon - ukuqina akuzange kulungiswe.
Ngokwesimo salo sokuqala, ithangi le-T-34 elakhiqizwa ngo-1940 lalihlukaniswa izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokucutshungulwa kwezindawo zempi. Ngesikhathi sempi, kwakudingeka badele ukuze bakhiqize izimoto eziningi zokulwa. Uhlelo lokuqala lokukhiqiza luka-1940 luhlinzekele ukukhiqizwa kwe-serial T-150s engu-34, kodwa ngo-June lesi sibalo senyuke safinyelela ku-600. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwakufanele kusetshenziswe kokubili ePlant No. 183 naseStalingrad Tractor Plant (STZ) , obekumele ikhiqize izimoto eziyikhulu. Nokho, lolu hlelo kwavela kude neqiniso: ngo-September 100, 15 KhPZ kuphela 1940 amathangi serial ekhiqizwa, futhi amathangi Stalingrad T-3 ashiye workshop efektri kuphela ngo-34.
Izimoto ezintathu zokuqala zokukhiqiza ngoNovemba-December 1940 zenza ukuhlolwa okujulile kokudubula kanye ne-mileage kumzila we-Kharkov-Kubinka-Smolensk-Kiev-Kharkov. Izivivinyo zenziwa ngamaphoyisa eNIBT Polygon. Bahlonze amaphutha amaningi okuklama kangangokuthi bangabaza ukusebenza kahle kwemishini ehlolwayo. I-GABTU ithumele umbiko omubi. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amapuleti zempi efakwe engele ezinkulu ukuthambekela, ukushuba zempi tank 34 T-1940 kwadlula iningi izimoto isilinganiso ngaleso sikhathi. Enye yezingqinamba eziyinhloko kwakuyi-L-11 cannon-barreled short-barreled.
I-prototype yesibili A-34
Ekuqaleni, ethangini kwafakwa inganono engu-76 mm L-11 enomphongolo ongama-calibers angu-30,5, futhi kusukela ngo-February 1941, kanye ne-L-11, baqala ukufaka inganono engu-76-mm F-34 nge umgqomo ubude 41 calibers. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinguquko zithinte kuphela imaski yezikhali zengxenye enyakazayo yesibhamu. Ekupheleni kwehlobo lika-1941, amathangi e-T-34 akhiqizwa kuphela ngesibhamu se-F-34, esakhiqizwa esitshalweni No. 92 eGorky. Ngemva kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Enkulu, ngomthetho we-GKO No. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Sormovites yavunyelwa ukufaka izingxenye zendiza ezilethwe e-Kharkov emathangeni.
Ngakho, ekwindla ka-1941, i-STZ yahlala ingukuphela komkhiqizi omkhulu wamathangi e-T-34. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazama ukuhambisa ukukhululwa kwenani eliphakeme kakhulu lezingxenye eStalingrad. Insimbi yezikhali yavela esitshalweni saseKrasny Oktyabr, ama-armored hulls ayeshiselwe endaweni yemikhumbi yase-Stalingrad (isitshalo No. 264), izibhamu zanikezwa isitshalo saseBarrikady. Ngakho, cishe umjikelezo ophelele wokukhiqiza wahlelwa edolobheni. Kwakunjalo naseGorky naseNizhny Tagil. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi umkhiqizi ngamunye wenza izinguquko ezithile kanye nezengezo ekwakhiweni kwemoto ngokuhambisana namakhono ayo ezobuchwepheshe, ngakho-ke, amathangi e-T-34 avela ezitshalweni ezahlukene abe nokubukeka kwawo okuhlukile.
Sekukonke, 35312 T-34 amathangi akhiqizwa ngalesi sikhathi, kuhlanganise 1170 flamethrower. Kukhona itafula lokukhiqiza le-T-34, elihluka kancane enanini lamathangi akhiqizwayo: 1940
1941
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1943
1944
Ingqikithi
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I-tank T-34 yadalwa ngesisekelo se-medium enolwazi lwe-A-32 futhi yaqala ukusebenza ngo-December 1939. Idizayini yamashumi amathathu nane ikhombisa ukweqa kwe-quantum esakhiweni samathangi sasekhaya nesomhlaba. Ngokokuqala ngqa, imoto ihlanganisa izikhali zokulwa nenganono, izikhali ezinamandla kanye ne-chassis ethembekile. Izikhali ze-Projectile azinikezwa kuphela ngokusetshenziswa kwamapuleti ezikhali ezigoqiwe ezinobukhulu obukhulu, kodwa futhi nokuthambekela kwabo okunengqondo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamashidi kwenziwa ngendlela ye-welding manual, okwathi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza kwathathelwa indawo yi-welding othomathikhi. Ithangi lalihlome ngenganono engu-76,2 mm L-11, eyashintshwa ngokushesha kwafakwa inganono enamandla kakhudlwana i-F-32, kwase kuba i-F-34. Ngakho, mayelana nezikhali, yayihambisana nethangi elisindayo le-KV-1.
