Ukuvikelwa kwesathelayithi ekuntshontshweni kwemoto: incazelo yezinhlobo nokufakwa
Okuqukethwe
Ngokungafani nesistimu ye-alamu evamile, lapho ungena ngaphakathi kwemoto, uhlelo lwesathelayithi ngeke luzibonele ngokwalo ngemisindo yenhlabamkhosi nezibani ezikhanyayo. Ifakwe isethi yezinzwa namamojula: izinzwa ziqapha isimo semoto, futhi amamojula, axhumana nesathelayithi, anqume indawo yemoto futhi adlulisele amasignali e-alamu ekamelweni lokulawula.
Ukwebiwa kwezimoto kudala kuyinkinga edelela noma yisiphi isixazululo. Abakwa-Cracker bathole izindlela ezintsha zokudlula isistimu. Ukuvikela ukwebiwa kwesathelayithi sekuyigxathu eliya phambili ekulweni nokwebiwa kwezimoto.
Ukuvikelwa kokwebiwa kwemoto ngesathelayithi
Ngokungafani nesistimu ye-alamu evamile, lapho ungena ngaphakathi kwemoto, uhlelo lwesathelayithi ngeke luzibonele ngokwalo ngemisindo yenhlabamkhosi nezibani ezikhanyayo. Ifakwe isethi yezinzwa namamojula: izinzwa ziqapha isimo semoto, futhi amamojula, axhumana nesathelayithi, anqume indawo yemoto futhi adlulisele amasignali e-alamu ekamelweni lokulawula.
Izinhlobo zama-alamu wesathelayithi
Ukuvikelwa kwesathelayithi yesimanje ngokumelene nokwebiwa kwezimoto kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amathathu amakhulu:
- i-pageging: inquma indawo nesimo semoto ekudeni;
- I-GPS-monitoring, ongakwazi ngayo ukuqapha imoto kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuyilawula kude;
- okuphindwe kabili, okuhlanganisa okubili kokuqala, okukuvumela ukuthi wengeze izilinganiso ezengeziwe zokulwa nokweba.
Ukufakwa kokuvikelwa kwesathelayithi
Ukuphepha kwemoto kulawulwa ubusuku nemini.
Iphakheji yokuvikela isathelayithi
Uhlelo lokuvikela ukuntshontshwa kwemoto luyi-receiver-transmitter yesiginali yesathelayithi exhuma imoto kanyekanye nomnikazi wayo kanye ne-dispatcher. Izinto zokusebenza eziyisisekelo:
- ibhethri elibamba izinsuku ezingu-5-10 (isikhathi esibekiwe sokufuna imoto);
- Ibhakhoni ye-GPS: ixhumana nesathelayithi futhi ithola imoto nganoma yisiphi isikhathi;
- inzwa yokucindezela isondo;
- inzwa yokutsheka: ikhumbula ukuthi imoto itholakala kanjani ngokuphathelene nomgwaqo; ibangelwa uma imoto ithathwa ngeloli elidonsayo noma amasondo ekhishwa kuyo;
- I-GSM node: ixhumana nemoto ngenethiwekhi yeselula;
- i-microprocessor: icubungula amasignali angenayo futhi iqondise ohlelweni lwesathelayithi;
- Imodyuli yokuvimbela injini: ibona umuntu wangaphandle esondweni - injini ngeke iqale noma (uma yehluleka) i-dispatcher izomisa injini;
- umbhobho;
- ibhodi le-antenna;
- Inzwa yokunyakaza.
Izilinganiso zamasistimu okuvikela athembekile
Ukuvikela ukwebiwa kwesathelayithi kuyabiza, ngakho-ke, kukhethelwa imoto yebanga lentengo ephezulu ukuze inikezwe isivikelo esithembekile. Ngokwenhlolovo ehlukahlukene yochwepheshe nabanikazi bezimoto phakathi neminyaka eminingana, uhlu lwezinkampani ezizibonakalise zingcono kakhulu ekukhiqizeni lezi zinhlelo zenziwa.
Ukuvikelwa kwemoto okuthembeke kakhulu ekuntshontsheni kukhiqizwa izinkampani:
- Cesar Satellite. "Inokuvikela ukuvikela": ayibavumeli abaduni ukuthi bahlole izimpawu zabo. Ukushajwa kwebhethri kuhlala isikhathi eside. Kukhona "inkinobho yokwethuka" yesimo esiphuthumayo esithinta isikhungo sokuhambisa. Lolu hlelo alulona olungcono kakhulu, kodwa ludingeka ngokwenani nekhwalithi.
- I-Arkan. Imoto ngayinye ineshaneli yayo yokuxhumana engaphazamiseki nesathelayithi. Ifakwe ngayinye. Ikhutshazwa ngezindlela ezimbili: kungaba ngephasiwedi noma ngohlelo. Inquma indawo yomshini ngokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Kuvunyelaniswe ne-smartphone yomnikazi.
- I-Pandora. Inkampani inezibuyekezo eziningi ezinhle futhi iyisiqinisekiso sekhwalithi ngentengo ethengekayo. Into ilandelwa kumasathelayithi amabili. Inesevisi yayo yokuphendula. Uxhumana ubusuku nemini, ubambisene ngokugcwele namaphoyisa ahamba nawo ngokuhlanganyela ezigamekweni. Le sevisi iphinde ihlanganise nokutholwa kwesikhombisi-ndlela se-acoustic, esikwazi ukubona imoto entshontshiwe egaraji elivaliwe noma elingaphansi komhlaba.
- Imfezi. Umshini wokulwa nokweba ubekwe emotweni endaweni engabonakali. Ngesikhathi sokungeniswa okungagunyaziwe, ayiziboni nganoma iyiphi indlela, futhi isignali yokugqekeza ithunyelwa ku-dispatcher ngendaba yemizuzwana. Imiyalo emotweni inganikezwa ngokusebenzisa isicelo.
- I-StarLine. Ngokumelene nokugetshengwa kwe-Hacker ngokucindezelwa kwesignali kanye nokukhishwa kwekhodi, le sistimu inombhalo wekhodi wengxoxo. Ulandela imoto ku-inthanethi. Ivikelwe ekuphazamisekeni komsakazo, njengoba isebenzisa iziteshi ezingaphezu kuka-500.
- I-Echelon. Intengo ephansi, idla amandla amancane. Inkampani isebenzisa ukubethela kweziteshi zokuxhumana futhi ilawula imizila. Kungenzeka ukuhlela iphrosesa ngendlela yokuthi ngesikhathi sokudunwa (ngisho noma uxhumano ne-dispatcher luphukile), i-satellite izovimba injini.
- I-Grifon. Inombhalo wekhodi wengxoxo yokulwa nokweba. Ngosizo lwamamojula we-GPS ne-GSM, kungenzeka ukulawula uhlelo ngokusebenzisa isicelo esikhethekile ku-smartphone.
Ukuvikelwa kwesathelayithi ekuntshontshweni kwemoto iGrifon
Uhlelo lokuvikela imoto ekwebiweni kwezindleko ezinkampanini zokulinganisa isilinganiso sama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kuye kwangama-90. Izindleko zincike kumgomo wokusebenza kwesistimu, inani lemisebenzi ekhethiwe kanye nobunzima bokufakwa. Amasistimu amaningi okuvikela anenkokhelo yokubhalisa yanyanga zonke.
ezishibhile
Okuphawulwa kakhulu kwesabelomali ukupheja. Isebenzisa kuphela iziteshi ze-GSM (iziteshi zokuxhumana ngeselula). Ukuvikelwa kwemoto yokuphega kuyathengeka kuwo wonke umnikazi wemoto. Kodwa-ke, isimo sezulu esibi silimaza ukuxhumana kwe-GSM futhi kulahleka ukuthintana nemoto.
Intengo emaphakathi
Eqenjini lentengo emaphakathi kukhona ama-alamu okuqapha e-GPS. Ukubuka kwenziwa ngokuxhumana ngesathelayithi, ngokuvamile ngazo zombili izinhlelo - i-GPS ne-GLONASS. Kukhona imisebenzi eminingi yokulandelela imoto kanye nokulawula ubusuku nemini kwesikhungo sokuthumela.
Kuyabiza
Isigaba samanani abizayo sihlanganisa ukuphindaphinda izinhlelo zesathelayithi ezifakwe ezimotweni zeprimiyamu. Amanye amamodeli kanokusho awawutholi umshwalense wezimoto ngaphandle kwesistimu ye-alamu yesathelayithi egcwele izici eziningi, ngenxa yokuthi amaphrimiyamu omshwalense wemoto entshontshiwe ebizayo angenza inkampani yomshwalensi ibe yimali.
Izincomo Zokufaka
Uhlelo luthembekile uma luyifanele kakhulu imoto ethile endaweni ethile. Lapho ukhetha ukusayina kwesathelayithi, izici ezilandelayo kufanele zibhekwe:
- ukumbozwa kahle kwamaselula;
- akukho ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu ze-GPS;
- izindleko zokufakwa nokugcinwa kwe-alamu kufanele zanele: imali yokubhalisa yenyanga yephakheji eyisisekelo ngokuvamile ayidluli imali ye-satellite TV, kodwa ngokungezwa kwemisebenzi ehlukahlukene ikhuphuka kakhulu;
- imaphi ama-opharetha esistimu atholakala edolobheni lakho;
- impendulo ngekhwalithi yesevisi.
Mayelana nokusebenza kahle, izinhlelo zokuphepha zesathelayithi zidlula izimbangi zazo eziningi. Ngokukhetha imishini enjalo, umuntu uthola ukuzethemba okwengeziwe ekuphepheni kwemoto yakhe kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuvimbela ukweba. Ngisho noma sekwenzekile ukwebiwa, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthola imoto.
