Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuphatha imoto: izincomo ezisebenzayo
Okuqukethwe
- Kuyini ukuphatha imoto futhi kungani ukwandisa it
- Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuphatha imoto
- Ukwandisa umthamo wokusebenza
- Ukwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela
- Ukushuna uhlelo lokuthatha
- Ukufakwa kwesihlungi sokumelana neqanda
- Ukunyuka kwe-throttle diameter
- Ifaka umamukeli
- Ukususa inqwaba yokuthatha
- Ukulungisa isistimu ye-exhaust
- Umqoqi
- I-Resonator
- Kuphele okomthulisi
- Ukulungiswa kweChip
- Ukunciphisa isisindo se-flywheel namapiston
- Ukuncishiswa kwefriction
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Camshaft
- I-Turbocharging
- Ukushintsha amasondo
- Izincomo ezengeziwe
Inombolo ye-octane ikhombisa ukumelana nophethiloli noma udizili. Amagalaji kaphethiloli athengisa uphethiloli wama-92, 95, 98 kanye nowe-5. Ngokunyuka kwenombolo ye-octane, amandla enjini akhuphuka ngo-XNUMX%.
Umkhiqizi ubeka izici zejubane zemoto esigabeni sokuthuthukiswa kwemodeli. Abashayeli baphatha le pharamitha ngokuhlukile. Abashayeli bezimoto zesizukulwane esidala babona ngokuthula izimfanelo zamandla, bebheka imoto njengezokuthutha kuphela. Abanye abashayeli badinga isivinini ukuze bahambisane nendlela yokuphila yanamuhla. Kukhona nesigaba esihlukile - abanikazi abanezifiso zokushayela (amashuni, abathanda i-motorport), abanesithakazelo esijulile sokuthuthukisa ukuguquguquka nokulawuleka kwemoto.
Kuyini ukuphatha imoto futhi kungani ukwandisa it
I-dynamics, ukuphatha kanye nokuzinza kwemoto imiqondo ehlobene. Esokuqala siqondwa njengesikhathi lapho imoto ifika emakhulwini amakhilomitha kusukela ekuqaleni. Izinkomba ze-Dynamic ziyehluka ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene zezimoto: izimoto zebhajethi ezinenjini ezifika ku-1,5 amalitha zisheshisa "kufika kwekhulu" ngemizuzwana eyi-9-12, izimoto ezibizayo ezinamandla angama-200 hp. Nge. nokuningi - imizuzwana engu-7-9. Abanikazi bayo yomibili imishini bafuna ukunciphisa isikhathi sokusheshisa. Ukuthuthukisa i-dynamics yemoto akudingekile kuphela ezimotweni zezemidlalo - kuthatha imizuzwana engu-3-4 ukufinyelela ikhulu elifiswayo. Ipharamitha ithintwa ukudonsa kanye nezimfanelo zokubhuleka zemoto.
Ukuphatha imoto
Ukuphatha kubonisa ukuthi imoto isabela ngokushesha futhi ngokwanele kangakanani ezenzweni zomshayeli. Ukusabela okulungile kwesiteringi ngezindlela ezihlukene zokushayela, ukubamba ngokunethezeka emigwaqweni eshelelayo, emanzi kanye newubhuqu kukhombisa ukuphatha kahle. Ushintsho olulula yiqiniso, ukunyakaza ngaphandle kwama-side skids nama-rollovers kubizwa ngokuthi ukuzinza kokuqondisa kwemoto.
Abanikazi bezimoto bakhulisa izici zobuchwepheshe ezibekwe umenzi ukuze baqinisekise isiqalo esihle, bangachithi isikhathi emarobhothini emigwaqo emikhulu yasemadolobheni. Ekudluleleni emigwaqweni emikhulu, ukubambezeleka kwesibili kungaba bucayi.
Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuphatha imoto
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwandisa amandla ezinjini: ezinye zinikeza umphumela obonakalayo, ezinye zijabulisa ngomphumela ophezulu. Kunezindlela ezingabizi kakhulu nezimba eqolo zokuthuthukisa ukuzinza nokuphatha imoto.
Ukwandisa umthamo wokusebenza
Ngo-10%, kungenzeka ukuthuthukisa amandla emoto ngesilinganiso esikhulu - ukwanda kwevolumu yegumbi lomlilo (CC).
Kunezindlela ezimbili:
- Hlikihla amasilinda. Futhi ufake ama-piston amakhulu. Kumabhulokhi e-cast-iron cylinder, sebenzisa ama-pistons: sebenzisa ukungahambi kahle kwe-microscopic ezindongeni ezizobamba ifilimu yamafutha. Ubunzima bendlela ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukubhoboza amasilinda egaraji: e. Inqubo yenziwa ochwepheshe besevisi yemoto. Ukubhoboza kabusha akudingekile kuma-aluminium BC anemikhono ye-liner emanzi: vele uguqule izingxenye zibe ububanzi obukhulu.
- Khulisa i-piston stroke: shintsha i-crankshaft nge-stroke ende. Isibonelo: i-VAZ-2110 piston stroke - 71 mm. Ngokufaka i-crankshaft ene-crank radius ehlukile, kungenzeka ukufeza ukwanda kwe-stroke kuze kufike ku-75,6 mm kanye nomthamo wegumbi elivuthayo kuze kufike ku-100 cm.3.
Ngokuhlanganisa zombili izinketho, uthola ukwanda okulindelekile ekusebenzeni kahle kwezimoto.
Ngemva kokubhoka i-BC, bukela amabhuleki, lungisa kabusha indawo yokufaka uphethiloli kanye ne-exhaust gas outlet (lungiselela amasistimu ukuze abe nevolumu enkulu).
Ukwandisa isilinganiso sokucindezela
Ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuzohlala kunjalo, kodwa kuzodingeka ushintshele kuphethiloli obizayo ngesilinganiso esiphezulu se-octane uma unquma ukuthuthukisa ukuphathwa kwemoto ngokwandisa ukucindezela - isilinganiso sokucindezela.
Amasilinda abhokayo ayindlela yokuqala yokwandisa ukucindezelwa. Ngokwandisa ipharamitha ku-Lada Grant kusuka kuma-atmospheres angu-8 kuya kwangu-10, uzothola ukukhuphuka kwamandla ngo-10%.
Futhi, ukusebenza okungcono kwenjini kungatholakala ngokufaka i-gasket encane ekhanda lesilinda. Nokho, lokhu kwandisa amathuba okuthi i-valve ixhumane namapiston.
Ukushuna uhlelo lokuthatha
Ukuze unikeze amasilinda ngomoya owengeziwe futhi uthuthukise amandla emoto ngalesi silinganiso, shintsha izakhi zokungenisa.
Ukufakwa kwesihlungi sokumelana neqanda
Esikhundleni sesihlungi somoya esijwayelekile (VF), esenziwe ngezinto eziminyene, setha "zero". Isakhiwo sesici sokuhlunga sincane. Okwenza imisebenzi esheshayo ye-VF ibe mibi kakhulu, kodwa ikhulise ukuphuma kwayo.
Ukushintsha ingxenye yefekthri ye-Lada Vesta nge-FNS (i-zero resistance filter) i-K & N kunikeza ukwanda okuncane kokusheshisa, ngakho inqubo iyancomeka ngokuhambisana nezinye izinyathelo.
Ukunyuka kwe-throttle diameter
Ubukhulu be-valve ye-throttle "Renault Logan" kanye ne-"Lad" yasekhaya - 47 mm. Njengoba unesithukuthezi isigaba kufika ku-54 mm, ungathola ukwanda okungenakuqhathaniswa kwamandla emoto. Umphumela obonakalayo uzoba uma ukucolisiswa kwe-throttle kunqunyelwe kwezinye izindlela zokuhlela zesistimu yokuthatha.
I-throttle ekhulisiwe ingathengwa. Ubukhulu: 52 mm, 54 mm, 56 mm. Ingxenye eyisipele ethandwa kakhulu ingu-54 mm.
Ifaka umamukeli
I-air pulsation endleleni eya ku-CC (igumbi lomlilo) ilinganiswa ngumuntu owamukelayo. Ku-VAZ 2112 no-2114, izingxenye zinezithiyo: ubude beziteshi abufani, izinto zokubulawa ziyipulasitiki.
Umamukeli
Faka ucezu olushiselwe noma olucibilikisiwe olunama-inlets afushanisiwe kodwa ivolumu yekamelo ikhuphukile. Isikhungo samandla sizothola ingxube engcono yamafutha omoya, futhi uzobona ukwanda kokusebenza kahle kwenjini.
Ukususa inqwaba yokuthatha
Njengengxenye yokuhlelwa kwesistimu yokuthatha, buyisela i-manifold "amapayipi" - amashubhu amafushane aqondiswe ngesivinini esikhulu. Ukufaka imibhobho kusilinda ngalinye kuzobiza.
Ukulungisa isistimu ye-exhaust
Ngemva kokushiswa kokuhlanganiswa kukaphethiloli (ingxube kaphethiloli-yomoya), amagesi akhipha umoya akhishwa egumbini elivuthayo ngokusebenzisa isistimu yokukhipha umoya, kanyekanye edambisa imisindo eqhumayo nokundindizela. I-muffler, eletha izinzuzo ezisobala, iwasusa kancane amandla enjini. Ukwenziwa kwesimanjemanje kwesistimu yokukhipha umoya kwenziwa kuzo zonke izingxenye.
Umqoqi
Lona "umlandu" oyinhloko wokulahlekelwa izici eziguqukayo zemoto. Ukuze uthuthukise ukuphathwa kwemoto, shintsha isici esijwayelekile ngenketho ye-Spider, njengaseMitsubishi Pajero Sport, lapho amapayipi amane ahlanganiswe abe munye.
I-Resonator
Khulisa ububanzi be-resonator: lokhu kuzokwenza ngcono ukukhishwa kwamasilinda ngesikhathi sokuphuma futhi kwandise i-torque yenjini. Khipha isiguquli se-catalytic (uma sikhona), faka isibambisi somlilo esigeleza ngokuqondile endaweni yaso.
Kuphele okomthulisi
Ingxenye yokugcina ye-exhaust system itholakala kude ngangokunokwenzeka kusuka ku-multifold ukuze kuncishiswe ukuzwakala kwayo. Faka esikhundleni se-muffler ejwayelekile ngeyodwa eqondile: ukumelana nokugeleza kwamagesi okukhipha umoya kuzokwehla kakhulu, kodwa kanjalo nokumuncwa komsindo kuzokwehla.
Yilungise kanje: beka ipayipi elinezimbobo ekugcineni kwe-muffler. Ingxenye yayo yesiphambano kufanele ibe mncane. Beka i-fiber ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa phakathi kwamapayipi angaphandle nangaphakathi. Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi ungabhidliki futhi undize uphumele emgwaqeni, faka i-mesh phakathi kwesigcwalisi.
Ukulungiswa kweChip
Uma uguqule iyunithi yamandla kanye nezingxenye ezingomakhelwane, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokushuna kwe-chip.
Ukusetha kabusha ikhompuyutha esebhodini ngokufaka uhlelo olusha kunomphumela olandelayo:
- ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kuncishisiwe;
- i-torque ye-motor iyanda;
- ukwanda kokunethezeka kokushayela.
Njengoba bekungekho ukuphazamiseka ekwakhiweni kwemoto, ukulungisa ama-chip akwephuli iwaranti.
Ukunciphisa isisindo se-flywheel namapiston
Uma i-flywheel ilula, ithatha ngokushesha isivinini. Ungakwazi ukuthuthukisa Dynamics emotweni ngokushintsha lesi sici ezimweni egalaji. Umphumela mncane - kufika ku-4%, intengo yengxenye iphezulu - kufika kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-5.
Piston
Kodwa le ndlela ifaneleka njenge-cumulative, uma ngesikhathi esifanayo ushintsha ama-pistons embonini abe yi-forged: lezi zinamandla kunezijwayelekile, futhi injini isebenzisa amandla amancane ekuhambeni kwayo.
Ukuncishiswa kwefriction
Noma yikuphi ukungqubuzana kunciphisa ukusebenza kahle komshini. Ezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi, ama-pistons athintana namasilinda, futhi ingxenye "yamahhashi" yemoto isetshenziselwa lokhu.
Izingxenye zokushayisana zigijima emafutheni. Uma izinga lefilimu elivelayo lithuthukiswa ngezithasiselo ezikhethekile, khona-ke ukulahlekelwa kwe-friction kuzokwehla.
Khetha izithasiselo zesenzo esiyinkimbinkimbi ukuze zihlanze izakhi kusuka kumsizi namadiphozithi. Umphumela omuhle wezithasiselo ukwanda kwe-5-7% ku-dynamics.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Camshaft
I-camshaft (PB) ilawula izinga lokukhuphuka kanye nobude bokuvulwa kwama-valve.
Inkinga yezimoto ze-VAZ ukuthi akukho ukudonsa ngesivinini esiphansi se-crankshaft. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sidinga i-camshaft “yaphansi” eyenziwe yesimanje manje ene-valve lift. Lokhu kwakamuva, nokho, kuyodingeka kulawulwe.
I-Turbocharging
Imiphumela ehlaba umxhwele kakhulu ngokwenyuka kwamandla ehhashi akhiqizwa injini yomoya (kabili noma ngaphezulu) itholakala nge-turbocharging. Amamodeli wakamuva we-AvtoVAZ eza nale nketho evela efektri. Ukuqina kokushiswa kukaphethiloli kumasilinda kuncike kumthamo womoya onikeziwe. Ngakho-ke, ku-low-power injini 1,4-1,5 amalitha (isibonelo, i-Renault Logan Stepway), ingxenye ingafakwa, futhi kulabo lapho kukhona khona umfutho (njengase-Kia Rio) - ukwandisa ubukhulu be-turbocharger yefektri. noma ingcindezi engaphakathi kuyo .
Kuyinkinga ukwenza isibuyekezo esibucayi ngezandla zakho, kuphela uma ungeyena umakhenikha wezimoto ochwepheshe. Ukuze unciphise umthwalo oshisayo ku-motor, udinga ukunakekela i-intercooler (i-intercooler), wandise inani lokupholisa noma uthathe i-fan enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, shintsha ama-injection esitoko uwafake asebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukushintsha amasondo
Amasondo angasindi namasondo anciphisa isisindo semoto ngo-20-30 kg. Amathayi alula akhombisa ukunethezeka okuncane: izimoto zisuka nje zifinyelela ku-100 km/h ngesivinini futhi zibhuleke kangcono. Khetha amathayi aphezulu kumadiski anosayizi ophakathi.
Izincomo ezengeziwe
Kunezindlela eziningi zokwandisa inani "lamahhashi" weyunithi yamandla. Eziningi zazo ziklanywe futhi zasungulwa ngabadwebi basekhaya.
Ukupholisa komoya okungenayo
Lapho umoya obandayo ungena kumasilinda, kuba ngcono ukusha kwengxube yamafutha omoya.
Yenza okulandelayo:
- faka ukungena okude ukuze kuthathe umoya omusha ophikweni, hhayi ngaphansi kwe-hood;
- ukugoqa ukungenisa ngekhava ezishisayo (ethengiswa ezitolo zezimoto);
- vala imbobo ngaphansi kwephiko endaweni yenjini ngesikrini sepulasitiki;
- cisha ukushisa kwe-throttle, faka i-thermal insulating gasket.
I-insulator phakathi kwekhanda nomqoqi (ongayithenga) izosebenza futhi ukupholisa umoya.
Isistimu ye-exhaust eyenziwe lula
Ukuphelelwa isikhathi kwamagesi okukhipha amandla ngokushesha ngemuva kwe-multifold exhaust kudala ingcindezi enkulu, kuthathe ingxenye yamandla enjini. Umsebenzi weshuna ukunciphisa le ngcindezi yokuthuthukisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni evela ku-CC. Isilinganiso sisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umoya ohlanzekile omningi kanye nophethiloli kungena kumasilinda. Uma ama-fuel assemblies engeziwe emakamelweni, ukusebenza kwenjini kuzoba phezulu.
Ukuze uzuze ukunciphisa ukucindezela kokukhipha, ungafaka isistimu yokukhipha okugeleza okuqondile. Esinye isixazululo: buyisela inqwaba yefekthri nge "spider". "Kumugqa oqondile" ungasebenzisa amapayipi aphakathi obubanzi obukhulu. Cacisa izakhi ze-exhaust tract nge-corrugation noma i-ball joint.
Ukwenyuka okulindelekile kwamandla avela ohlelweni olulula lokukhipha umoya kungama-3-5 amalitha. s., ukwanda kwangempela komsindo ngu-5-6 dB. Ngakho-ke, ukuze unciphise ama-decibel, thuthukisa ibhange lokugcina le-muffler.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-octane ephezulu kaphethiloli
Inombolo ye-octane ikhombisa ukumelana nophethiloli noma udizili. Amagalaji kaphethiloli athengisa uphethiloli wama-92, 95, 98 kanye nowe-5. Ngokunyuka kwenombolo ye-octane, amandla enjini akhuphuka ngo-XNUMX%.
I-petroli
Kodwa udinga ukugxila ezincomweni zomkhiqizi: uma kunconywa uphethiloli we-AI-92-Ai-95, khona-ke i-high-octane AI-98 ayinanjongo ukugcwalisa, ngoba isikhathi sokuthungela sisethwe efektri. Usebenzisa uphethiloli onganconyiwe, esikhundleni sokukhulisa amandla, ungathola ukusha okungalawuleki kokuqhuma kwamaqoqo kaphethiloli kanye nokuqhunyiswa okukhulu.
Ukuqondisa kahle isondo
I-radius yediski, ububanzi besondo kanye nesisindo somhlangano wesondo kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kokuphathwa kwemoto kanye namandla okusheshisa. Lapho indawo yokuxhumana iba nkulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuthi injini ithole isivinini esifunekayo.
Ukuqondanisa isondo nokulinganisa, uma izinqubo zinganakiwe, nakho kunomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwenjini. Ingxenye yamandla isetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa ukunyakaza, ukuqondisa, kanye nokubhuleka. Ngakho-ke, abashayeli abanolwazi banaka kakhulu ukuqondanisa kwamasondo.
