Facebook imali ingxabano

Ukuze kusetshenziswe ngaphakathi, kubikwa ukuthi izisebenzi ze-Facebook ekuqaleni zabiza inguqulo yebhizinisi ye-cryptocurrency ethi GlobalCoin. Kodwa-ke, ezinyangeni zamuva nje, elinye igama selidumile kwabezindaba - iLibra. Amahemuhemu athi le mali yedijithali izosetshenziswa emazweni amaningana ekuqaleni kwekota yokuqala ka-2020. Kodwa-ke, ama-blockchains angama-orthodox awaboni njengama-cryptocurrencies eqiniso.

Inhloko ye-Facebook, itshele i-BBC entwasahlobo UMark Zuckerberg (1) wahlangana nombusi weBhange LaseNgilandi futhi wacela iseluleko sezomthetho kuMgcinimafa wase-US mayelana nemali yedijithali ehleliwe. I-Wall Street Journal ibike ukuthi mayelana nokuqaliswa kwayo, inkampani inethemba lokubambisana namafemu ezezimali kanye nabathengisi be-intanethi.

UMat Navarra, uchwepheshe wezokuxhumana, utshele i-Newsweek ukuthi umqondo wokusebenzisa i-cryptocurrency kumawebhusayithi e-Facebook wenza umqondo omkhulu, kodwa inkundla eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ingase ibhekane nokuphikiswa okukhulu kwabenzi bomthetho nezikhungo zezezimali.

Wachaza uNavarre

Lapho kuzwakala izindaba mayelana ne-Libra, iKomidi LeSigele Lase-US Lebhange, Izindlu, Nezindaba Zasemadolobheni labhalela uZuckerberg licela ulwazi olwengeziwe mayelana nokuthi izinkokhelo ze-crypto zizosebenza kanjani.

Iqembu eliqinile lezinkampani

I-Facebook sekuyiminyaka izama "ukulungisa" indlela esidlulisela ngayo futhi samukele imali. Ngokomlando, isivele inikeze ngemikhiqizo efana naleyo okuthiwa. ukubolekaokukuvumela ukuthi uthenge izinto emdlalweni owake waziwa kakhulu weFarmville, kanye nomsebenzi ukuthumela imali abangani ezithunyweni. UZuckerberg wahola iphrojekthi yakhe ye-cryptocurrency iminyaka eminingana, waqoqa iqembu labantu futhi waxhasa lo msebenzi.

Umuntu wokuqala obambe iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni kwemali esekelwe Morgan Bellerowaqala umsebenzi kuphrojekthi ngo-2017. NgoMeyi 2018, iPhini Likamongameli we-Facebook, UDavid A. Marcus, wathuthela emnyangweni omusha - blockchain. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, imibiko yokuqala yavela mayelana nokudalwa okuhleliwe kwe-cryptocurrency yi-Facebook, lapho uMarkus waba nesibopho khona. NgoFebhuwari 2019, ochwepheshe abangaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu base besebenza kulo msebenzi.

Isiqinisekiso sokuthi i-Facebook izokwethula i-cryptocurrency okokuqala ngqa ngoMeyi 2019. Iphrojekthi yeLibra imenyezelwe ngokusemthethweni ngoJuni 18, 2019. Abadali bohlobo lwemali nguBeller, Markus kanye Kevin Vale.

Nokho, kunezinto ezimbalwa ezidinga ukucaciswa.

Okokuqala, imali yedijithali ye-Libra ngokwayo iyinto eyodwa, kanti enye ingumkhiqizo ohlukile, i-Calibra, okuyisikhwama semali sedijithali esihlala i-Libra. Uhlamvu lwemali lwe-Facebook luhluke kakhulu kwamanye ama-cryptocurrencies, nakuba isici esibaluleke kakhulu - ukuphepha okunamandla okubethela okunamandla - kuyagcinwa.

Ngokungafani namanye ama-cryptocurrencies afana ne-Bitcoin, umsebenzisi akudingeki akhathazeke ngokusebenza kwangaphakathi kobuchwepheshe be-blockchain ukuze asebenzise le mali ngempumelelo. Imali isetshenziswa ku-Messenger naku-WhatsApp izinhlelo zokusebenza eziyingxenye yazo. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka ngokusetha, ukugcina isikhwama semali, nanoma yini enye. Ubulula kumele buhambisane nokulula nokuguquguquka. I-Facebook Money, ikakhulukazi, isebenza njengendlela yokukhokha lapho uhamba phesheya. Abathengisi bendawo bangakwamukela, isibonelo, besebenzisa i-smartphone. Umgomo uwukukwazi ukusebenzisa i-Libra kukho kokubili izikweletu, ukubhalisela i-Spotify, ngisho nokuthenga izinto ezibonakalayo ezitolo.

Abadali bama-cryptocurrencies "endabuko" afana ne-Bitcoin, i-Ethereum ne-Ripple bagxile emininingwaneni yobuchwepheshe kunokumaketha lo mqondo kubathengi. Khonamanjalo, endabeni ye-Libra, akekho onendaba namagama anjengokuthi “izinkontileka”, “okhiye bangasese” noma “i-hashing”, atholakala yonke indawo kumawebhusayithi amaningi omkhiqizo, njengokuthi. Futhi, ngokungafani ne-Bitcoin, izimali eziseLibra bezisekelwe ezimpahleni zangempela ezisetshenziswa inkampani ukubuyisela inani lemali. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kuyo yonke i-zloty efakwe ku-akhawunti ye-Libra, uthenga okuthile okufana “nokuphepha kwedijithali.”

Ngalesi sinqumo, i-Libra ingaba kakhulu ezinzilefuthi kunamanye ama-cryptocurrencies. Nakuba i-HuffPost ibize ukutshala imali e-Libra ngokuthi "ukutshalwa kwezimali okuyisiphukuphuku ngokwedlulele," lo mbono ungasiza nokho ukwakha ukuzethemba emalini ye-Facebook futhi udambise uvalo lokwethuka kwemakethe njengoba abantu bekhipha imali eningi kunaleyo etholakala ngempela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-Libra nayo ihlala ethambekele ekwenyukeni kwamandla emali kanye nokunye ukuguquguquka kwenani lemali, kufana nalokho okwenzeka ezimalini ezivamile ezilawulwa amabhange amakhulu. Empeleni, lokhu kusho ukuthi kunenani elilinganiselwe kuphela le-Libra esakazwayo, futhi uma abantu bethenga ngobuningi, intengo ingakhuphuka - njengezimali zomhlaba wangempela.

2. Ilogo ye-Libra phakathi kwezinkampani ezisebenzisana nalo msebenzi.

I-Libra izolawulwa yinhlangano yezinkampani, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi "inhlangano"(2). Bangakwazi ukujikijela noma ukunciphisa ukudla ukuze bazinzise isivinini. Iqiniso lokuthi i-Facebook ikhuluma ngale ndlela yokuzinza kusho ukuthi ngeke ikwazi ukubhekana nayo yodwa. Ikhuluma ngabalingani abangamashumi amathathu, bonke abangabadlali abahamba phambili emkhakheni wokukhokha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-VISA, i-MasterCard, i-PayPal ne-Stripe, kanye ne-Uber, i-Lyft ne-Spotify.

Kungani kunesithakazelo esingaka esivela ezinhlanganweni ezihlukene kangaka? I-Libra ibakhipha ngaphandle ngokuphelele abaxhumanisi embuthanweni wezinkampani nabantu abayamukelayo. Isibonelo, uma i-Lyft ifuna ukuqala ibhizinisi ngenani elincane lamakhadi esikweletu, kufanele isebenzise uhlelo lwe-iDEAL lokukhokha intela kazwelonke ukuze ingene emakethe, ngaphandle kwalokho akekho ozosebenzisa le sevisi. Izikali ziyasiza. Ngobuchwepheshe, lokhu kuzovumela lezi zinkampani ukuthi ziqalise kalula amasevisi aqondiswe kumakhasimende angadingi ikhadi lesikweletu noma i-akhawunti yasebhange.

Ohulumeni abayidingi imali ye-Facebook

Ngemuva kwehlazo lokuputshuka kwedatha yabasebenzisi beCambridge Analytica kanye nobufakazi bokwehluleka kukaZuckerberg ukuvikela inkundla yakhe ngendlela efanele, I-US kanye nabanye ohulumeni abaningi bathembele kancane ku-Facebook. Kungakapheli amahora ayi-XNUMX kumenyezelwe uhlelo lokusebenzisa i-Libra, kube nezimpawu zokukhathazeka kohulumeni emhlabeni jikelele. EYurophu, osopolitiki bagcizelela ukuthi akufanele kuvunyelwe ukuba "yimali yokuzimela". Izigele zaseMelika zicele i-Facebook ukuthi imise lo msebenzi ngokushesha futhi yacela abaphathi bengosi ukuthi babambe izigcawu.

- UNgqongqoshe Wezezimali waseFrance uBruno Le Maire uthe ngoJulayi.

Ubalule nezinhlelo zokukhokhisa izinkampani ezinkulu zezobuchwepheshe intela.

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Ngokulandelayo, ngokukaNobhala woMgcinimafa waseMelika uSteven Mnuchin, iLibra ingaba ithuluzi labantu abaxhasa ngezimali amaphekula kanye nebhizinisi ukukhwabanisa imaliNgakho-ke, kuyinkinga yezokuphepha kwezwe. Imali ebonakalayo efana ne-bitcoin "isivele isetshenziselwe ukusekela izigidigidi zamaRandi ebugebengwini be-inthanethi, ukubalekela intela, ukuthengiswa kwezinto ezingekho emthethweni nezidakamizwa, kanye nokushushumbiswa kwabantu," esho. UNgqongqoshe Wezezimali waseJalimane u-Olaf Scholz uthe kufanele kube neziqinisekiso ezingokomthetho zokuthi ama-cryptocurrencies afana ne-Libra angeke abe usongo ekuzinzeni kwezezimali noma ubumfihlo babathengi.

Phela, uMongameli waseMelika uDonald Trump ngokwakhe uzigxekile i-cryptocurrencies, okuhlanganisa i-Bitcoin ne-Libra, ku-Twitter.

3. UDonald Trump ubhale kuTwitter mayelana neLibra

"Uma i-Facebook nezinye izinkampani zifuna ukuba amabhange, kufanele zifake isicelo selayisensi yasebhange futhi zihambisane nayo yonke imithetho yasebhange njenganoma yiliphi elinye ibhange, lezwe noma lamazwe ngamazwe," wabhala (3).

Ngesikhathi somhlangano wangoSepthemba nezikhulu zeSenethi yaseMelika, uMark Zuckerberg utshele abenzi bomthetho ukuthi iLibra ngeke iqale noma kuphi emhlabeni ngaphandle kokugunyazwa kwangaphambilini kwe-US. Nokho, ekuqaleni kuka-October, i-Libra Association yashiya i-PayPal, okwawenza buthaka kakhulu umsebenzi.

Izikali ngomqondo osemthethweni zazihlelwe ngendlela yokuthi azihlangene nazo. Iphethwe yinhlangano ezinze eSwitzerland. Kodwa-ke, kusobala ukuthi igama elibaluleke kakhulu, elokuqala nelokugcina, kule phrojekthi lingeka-Facebook. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbono wokwethula imali yomhlaba wonke, ephephile futhi elula ungase ubonakale uthakazelisa kangakanani, namuhla inkampani kaZuckerberg ayiyona impahla yeLibra, kodwa ingumthwalo.