Ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kwe-M60 Cz. 2
Ithangi le-M60 SLEP, elaziwa nangokuthi i-M60A4S, liyisiphakamiso esihlanganyelwe sokuthuthukisa umndeni wakwa-M60 osuka eRaytheon kanye ne-L-3.
Ngenxa yokuthi amathangi e-M60 abedumile kumadlelandawonye ase-US (amanye awo phambilini) emhlabeni jikelele, i-M60 isasebenza emazweni amaningi - ikakhulukazi labo abadla izambane likapondo, abangakwazi ukuthenga izimoto zesizukulwane sesithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho nangekhulu lama-50, eminyakeni engaphezu kweyi-XNUMX ngemuva kokuguqulwa kwayo kokuqala kwangena enkonzweni eButhweni Lezempi laseMelika, ukunwetshwa kwempilo yabo yenkonzo kanye nokwenza ngcono okwalandela kuyacatshangelwa.
Ithangi le-Chrysler Corporation M60 Patton laqala ukusebenza ngokusemthethweni ne-US Army ngo-December 1960 (yahlanganiswa ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-March 1959), njengomlandeli we-M48 (futhi uPatton). Eqinisweni, kwakufanele kube ithangi lokuqala lempi e-US Army, njengoba kwakufanele lithathe indawo yokugcina amathangi aseMelika - M103. I-Soviet T-62 ingabhekwa njengomlingani wayo ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Iron Curtain. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakuwumshini wesimanje, nakuba usindayo, amathani angaphezu kuka-46 (inguqulo eyisisekelo ye-M60). Ukuze uqhathanise, kufanelekile ukusho isisindo sokulwa kwamanye amathangi angaleso sikhathi: amathani angu-M103 - 59, amathani angu-M48 - 45, amathani T-62 - 37,5, T-10M - 57,5 amathani. Yayihlome kahle, ngoba enguqulweni ye-M60 izikhali ze-hull zazifika ku-110 mm ubukhulu, i-armor ye-turret ifinyelela ku-178 mm, futhi ngenxa yokuthambekela nokuphrofayli kwamashidi, ukushuba okuphumelelayo kwakukhulu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinzuzo zezikhali zempi zaqedwa ubukhulu obukhulu be-M60A1 / A3 hulls amathangi (ubude obungenawo umgqomo × ububanzi × ukuphakama: cishe 6,95 × 3,6 × 3,3 m; Ubukhulu be-T-62 enezikhali ezifanayo kanye izikhali: cishe 6,7 .3,35 x 2,4 x 60 m). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-M105 yayihlome kahle (inganono engu-68-mm M7 inguqulo enelayisensi ye-British L48 tank gun, ephethe abathwali bezikhali ezisebenzayo kanye nezinhlamvu ezitholakala kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkonzo), ngokushesha ngokwanele (12 km / h, inikezwe injini ye-Continental AVDS-1790 - 2-cylinder) 551A enamandla angu-750 kW / 850 hp, isebenzisana ne-GMC CD-105 hydromechanical transmission), futhi ezandleni zeqembu eliqeqeshwe futhi elihlanganiswe kahle, lalikhona. umphikisi owesabekayo wanoma yiliphi ithangi laseSoviet langaleso sikhathi. Okwakungeyona into ebaluleke kangako kwakuyimishini yokubuka neyokuqondisa eyayizinhle impela ngaleso sikhathi: isibonakude se-M8D sasemini se-M17D esine-1x magnification, i-M500A4400 (noma C) i-rangefinder sight enebanga lokulinganisa lama-1 kuya ku-28 m, umbhoshongo wokubona we-M37. ngamadivaysi ayo (M36C nama-periscopes ayisishiyagalombili) futhi, ekugcineni, i-periscope ejikelezayo yesilayishi se-M32. Endabeni yokusebenza ebusuku, izinsimbi eziyinhloko zomkhuzi nesibhamu kwakufanele zithathelwe indawo yimishini yokubona ebusuku ye-M1 ne-MXNUMX (ngokulandelana), esebenzisana nesikhanyisi se-infrared AN / VSS-XNUMX.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-M60
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-serial okwalandela kwakuwukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kokulwa iminyaka eminingi ezayo. I-M60A1, eyaqala ukusebenza ngo-1962, yathola i-turret yezikhali ezintsha, ezithuthukisiwe nezithuthukisiwe, izikhali zangaphambili eziqinisiwe ze-hull, zanda izinhlamvu zezibhamu kusukela ku-60 kuya ku-63 rounds, kanye nokuqiniswa kwe-electro-hydraulic stabilization ye-arm main. Ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, ngemva kokutuswa kwezikhali zamarokhethi (futhi ngenxa yokuguga kwe-M60A1), inguqulo ye-M60A2 Starship (ekhanyisa umkhumbi-mkhathi, isidlaliso esingekho emthethweni) yethulwa, ifakwe i-turret emisha. Yayinesibhamu esingu-152 mm M162 esine-low-pressure rifled (inguqulo yaso efushanisiwe yasetshenziswa ku-M551 Sheridan airmobile tank), eyayisetshenziselwa ukudubula imicibisholo eqondiswayo ye-MGM-51 Shillelagh, okwakufanele inikeze amandla okushaya ngokunembile. okuhlosiwe, okuhlanganisa nezikhali, emabangeni amade. Izinkinga eziqhubekayo zobuchwepheshe kanye nentengo ephezulu yezinhlamvu zaholela ekutheni kuphela 526 (ngokweminye imithombo kwakukhona 540 noma 543) yala mathangi akhiqizwa (ama-turrets amasha ku-chassis endala ye-M60), aguqulwa ngokushesha abe yi-Air Force. ejwayelekile. inguqulo M60A3 noma imishini ekhethekile. I-M60A3 yadalwa ngo-1978 njengempendulo yezinkinga nge-M60A2. Ukuguqulwa kwe-M60A1 kuhlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, amathuluzi amasha okulawula umlilo, empeleni okuwuhlelo olulula lokulawula umlilo. Kusukela maphakathi no-1979, enguqulweni ye-M60A3 (TTS), lezi kwakuyizi: AN / VSG-2 TTS izindawo zokubuka ezishisayo zemini nobusuku zomshayeli wesibhamu kanye nomkhuzi, i-AN / VVG-2 ruby laser rangefinder enohlu lwe kufika ku-5000 m kanye nekhompyutha ye-digital ballistic M21. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukunemba kokudubula kokuqala kwesibhamu se-M68 kuye kwanda kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwethulwa isibhamu esisha somshini we-coaxial 7,62-mm M240, umshayeli wathola i-AN / VVS-3A passive periscope, iziqhumane eziyisithupha (2 × 3) zamabhomu entuthu kanye nejeneretha yentuthu, isistimu yokucisha umlilo ezenzakalelayo namathrekhi amasha ane Kwafakwa namaphedi enjoloba . Ingqikithi yokukhiqizwa kwe-M60 yayingamayunithi ayi-15.
Kakade ngawo-70s, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-Iron Curtain, izimoto eziningi ze-T-64A / B, T-80 / B kanye ne-T-72A zavela ohlwini, lapho abasebenzi bePattons ababengasasebenzi bengakwazi ukulwa. ekulweni ngokulingana. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Teledyne Continental Motors yakha iphrojekthi ejulile yokubuyisela kabusha eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Super M70 kaPatton ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-80s kanye nama-60s. Yethulwa ngo-1980, iphakethe lesimanje bekufanele likhulise kakhulu amakhono we-M60. Imoto ithole izembatho zempi ezengeziwe ezinezendlalelo eziningi, ezivikela ikakhulukazi emizuliswaneni ye-HEAT, eyashintsha kakhulu ukubukeka kwe-turret. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusinda kwabasebenzi bekufanele kwandise uhlelo olusha lokuvikela umlilo. Ukwanda kweziqhumane bekumele kuthinteke ngokusetshenziswa kwesibhamu esithuthukisiwe i-M68-M68A1 (esifana naleso sethangi le-M1) esinemizuliswano engama-63, kodwa sisebenzisana ne-M60A3 optoelectronics. Ukwanda kwesisindo kuya kumathani angu-56,3 kwakudinga izinguquko ekumisweni (i-hydropneumatic shock absorbers yanezelwa) kanye nokudluliselwa. Eyokugcina kwiSuper M60 bekumele ibe nenjini kadizili iTeledyne CR-1790-1B enamandla angu-868,5 kW / 1180 hp, ehlanganiswe ne-Renk RK 304 hydromechanical automatic transmission. ku-72km/h. Ihora Nokho, i-Super M60 ayizange ivuse isithakazelo sombutho wezempi wase-US, owabe ugxile ekwakhiweni okusha ngokuphelele - ikusasa le-M1 Abrams.
