Izikhali zamasosha aseSoviet kuze kube ngu-1941, ingxenye 2
Isevisi yesibhamu somshini wokumelana nendiza engu-12,7-mm i-DShK ilungiselela ukuxosha lokhu kugasela.
Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amathathu ekhulwini elidlule, i-epic yokudala isibhamu esizenzakalelayo saqhubeka, okwakubaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwezikhali ze-Red Army. Ngokusho kwemiyalo eyamukelwe, abaklami baseSoviet bashiya ukuthuthukiswa kwezibhamu ngomgqomo ohambayo futhi bagxila kuphela ezinhlelweni zokukhishwa kwamagesi empusha.
Izibhamu ezizenzakalelayo
Ngo-1931, ezivivinyweni zokuncintisana i-Diegtiariew wz. Ngo-1930, isibhamu esisha se-Tokarev semi-automatic, lapho umgqomo wawuvaliwe ngokuphendula i-breech ngamabhawodi amabili wokukhiya, nomagazini wemizuliswano eyi-10 kanye nesibhamu esizenzakalelayo esinokhiye we-wedge kanye nomagazini wemizuliswano eyi-15, eyethulwe ngekhanda. yokukhiqizwa komhlangano eKovrov, uSergei Simonov. Izivivinyo, ezazihanjelwe ngumphathi wezikhali ze-Red Army kanye nephini likaKhomishani Wezokuvikela webutho lezempi, uMikhail Tukhachevsky, mayelana nokusebenza nokuthembeka, futhi okungenani ama-zloty ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10 kwakudingeka anikezwe. isibhamu. Isibhamu sikaSimonov simelane nesibhamu esingu-10 340, i-Digtyarev - 8000 5000, iTokarev - ngaphansi kuka-1932 31. Isibhamu esizenzakalelayo sikaSimonov sanconywa ukukhiqizwa nokutholwa ngemva kokuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwensimu. Ukuhlolwa ngo-1934 kwaphinda kwaqinisekisa izinzuzo ze-ABC-1932. Umklami wayalwa ukuba asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yezobuchwepheshe ukuze kakade engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1930, ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu kungase kwethulwe e-Izhevsk Arms Plant. Ngawo lowo nyaka wama-XNUMX, kwenziwa isinqumo sokuyeka ukukhiqizwa kweqoqo lokuhlola le-Diegtiariev wz. XNUMX.
Ngo-1933, kwasungulwa i-design Bureau entsha embonini yase-Izhevsk ukuze kuthuthukiswe futhi kuthuthukiswe imiklamo yezikhali; Simonov ngokwakhe waqokwa umklami oyinhloko ukuhlela ukukhiqizwa mass. Nokho, le nqubo yadonsa iminyaka eminingana. Ngo-March 22, 1934, uMkhandlu Wezabasebenzi Nezokuvikela we-USSR wanquma ukuphoqa i-People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry ukuthi ithumele ngo-1935 embonini yase-Izhevsk ukukhiqizwa kwamathani ayi-150. izibhamu ezizenzakalelayo. Ngo-1934, ifektri yakhiqiza izibhamu ze-106, kodwa azamukelwanga ukusebenza, futhi ngo-1935, 286. Sonke lesi sikhathi, uSimonov wayelokhu enza izinguquko ekwakhiweni kwakhe, ezama ukwenza lula izindlela zesibhamu, enze lula ukukhiqizwa kwayo futhi anciphise izindleko: ikakhulukazi, isibhamu sathola isikhwama esisha se-breech kanye ne-muzzle brake ethatha ingxenye yamandla okubuyela emuva. futhi kusimamise ukuma kwesikhali lapho sidubula. Esikhundleni se-bayonet egoqayo, i-bayonet-mmese yamukelwa, engasetshenziswa endaweni ehlehlisiwe njengokugcizelela ukudubula okuzenzakalelayo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uTokarev wayesebuyile emjahweni. Ngo-1933, umklami washintsha ngokuyisisekelo ukwakheka kwawo: wethula ukukhiya okukhiya ngokusikwa kwe-oblique endizeni eqondile, ishubhu legesi elinembobo eseceleni labekwa ngaphezu komgqomo (emklamo wangaphambili, igumbi legesi lalingaphansi komgqomo. ), yashintsha uhlaka lwamehlo lwaba yi-curvilinear, lwakhuphula umthamo womagazini waba ngu-15 ammo futhi lwawenza wadonswa. Ngalesi sisekelo, i-Tokarev ngo-1934 yakha isibhamu esizenzakalelayo esiphumelele ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa kwensimu, okwathi ngemva kwalokho umklami wayalwa ukuba athuthukise isibhamu esizenzakalelayo ekucushweni okufanayo ngomphongolo ongu-630 mm ubude. Ekugcineni, ngenxa yochungechunge lokuhlolwa olwenziwa ngo-1935-36, isibhamu sokuhlasela saseSimonov safakwa ngaphansi kwegama elithi ABC-36. Uhlelo lwezempi lwe-Red Army luhlinzekele imishini yendawo yonke yamayunithi avamile amabutho anezimoto namasosha, kanye namasosha asemoyeni anesibhamu esizenzakalelayo.
Ukuvalwa kwebhore, njengoba sekushiwo kakade, kwenziwa nge-wedge ehamba okhiye abaqondile begumbi lokukhiya. I-trigger mechanism yenza kwaba nokwenzeka ukubamba umlilo owodwa noqhubekayo. Amandla ahlinzekwe evela kumagazini webhokisi elikhiphekayo elinemizuliswano eyi-15 elinemizuliswano enyakazayo; ukulayisha isitolo bekungenzeka ngaphandle kokusinqamula, njengasezibhamuni zikaFedorov. Umbono ogobile wenza kube nokwenzeka ukuqhumisa ibanga elingafika ku-1500 m. Izinga lokulwa nomlilo ekuqhumeni laliyimizuliswano engama-40 / min. Ubude besibhamu ngaphandle kwe-bayonet buyi-1260 mm, ubude bomphongolo buyi-615 mm. Nge-bayonet kanye nomagazini ongenalutho, isibhamu sasinesisindo esingu-4,5 kg. Kanye nenguqulo evamile, ukuguqulwa kwe-ABC-36 yabadubuli, okufakwe umbono we-PE optical, nakho kwakhiqizwa ngamanani amancane. Ngemva kokwamukela ukukhiqizwa kwezibhamu ze-Simonov, umthamo wokukhiqizwa kwezibhamu ze-Simonov ukhuphuke kakhulu, kodwa kwakusewumyalelo wobukhulu obungaphansi kwesinqumo "seqembu": ngo-1937 laba yizicucu ezingu-10 280. -kukhiqizwe emgqeni.
