Ithangi leSoviet T-64. Ingxenye 2 yesimanjemanje
I-T-64BW enenombolo enkulu yamamojula we-Kontakt. Isibhamu somshini esilwa nendiza esingu-12,7mm NSW asifakwanga kuso.
Ithangi le-T-64 lafakwa ekukhiqizeni isikhathi eside kangangokuthi ngaphambi kokuba liqale ukusetshenziswa kumayunithi aqondile, izinsongo ezintsha zavela ngendlela yamathangi ezitha ezizoba khona, kanye namathuba amasha okuthuthukisa umklamo wawo. Ngakho-ke, amathangi e-T-64 (Into 432), ehlome ngama-turrets angu-115 mm ane-ballistic aluminium alloy inserts, aphathwa njengezakhiwo zesikhashana futhi kuhlelwe ukuthuthukiswa kancane kancane kwesakhiwo.
NgoSeptemba 19, 1961, i-GKOT (IKomidi Lombuso Lezokuvikela Ubuchwepheshe eMkhandlwini WoNgqongqoshe base-USSR) yenza isinqumo esingunombolo 05-25 / 5202, mayelana nokuqala komsebenzi wokufakwa kwesibhamu se-432 mm smoothbore ku-Object 125. i-turret. Isinqumo esifanayo sagunyaza ukuqaliswa komsebenzi wesibhamu esinjalo, okwakuzosekelwe ekwakhiweni kwesibhamu esingu-68mm D-115 esisetshenziselwa ukuhlomisa i-T-64.
Kakade ngo-1966, i-optical rangefinder nayo yayizothathelwa indawo ngelaser. Kwakuhlelwe ngokungaguquki ukulungisa isibhamu kanye nezinto ezibonwayo ekudutshulweni kwemicibisholo eqondiswa ngamathangi. Ngo-1968, i-rocket ye-Griuza yayinamathemba amakhulu, kodwa ukukhetha ekugcineni kwawela kwi-Kobra complex, eyathuthukiswa ngu-KB Nudelman. Okulula kakhulu kwakuwukuqaliswa kwephrojekthi ye-"Buldozer", okungukuthi ukuhlinzeka nge-T-64 ngensingo yokuzimba enamathiselwe epuleti lezikhali eliphansi elingaphambili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ekuqaleni kwakuneziphakamiso zokuthi kufanele kube yimishini efakwe emathangini kuphela uma kwenzeka impi.
Ithangi le-T-64A, elakhiqizwa ngo-1971 ngemva kwesimanje ngokwengxenye (imiphongolo kaphethiloli eyengeziwe, i-heater kawoyela). Isithombe ikhothamo lombhali
T-64A
Ushintsho olubaluleke kakhulu olwaluhlelelwe inguqulo elandelayo ye-T-64 ukusetshenziswa kwenganono entsha, enamandla kakhulu. Ngo-1963, ezingeni leKomidi Elikhulu kanye NoMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe (IKomidi Elikhulu kanye NoMkhandlu WoNgqongqoshe), kwanqunywa ukuvumelanisa i-Object 432 turret nesibhamu esisha, esinamandla kune-U5T. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi isibhamu esisha, naphezu kobukhulu baso obukhulu kanye nokuhlehla okunamandla, ngeke zidinge noma yiziphi izinguquko esakhiweni se-turret. Kamuva, amasosha aqala ukugcizelela ukuthi isibhamu esisha singase futhi sifakwe ku-T-62 turret ngaphandle kokulungiswa. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunganqunywanga ukuthi kungaba i-smoothbore noma "i-classic", okungukuthi isibhamu, isibhamu. Lapho kwenziwa isinqumo sokukhetha i-D-81 smoothbore, ku-KB-60M, "ukufakwa" kwayo kwenziwa ku-turret T-64 futhi kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi i-turret izodinga ukwakhiwa kabusha okukhulu. Umsebenzi wokwakha waqala ngo-1963. Idizayini yobuchwepheshe kanye nokuhlekisa ngokhuni kwagunyazwa ungqongqoshe wemboni yezokuvikela ngoMeyi 10, 1964.
Ngaphezu kwe-cannon entsha ne-turret eguquliwe, inguqulo elandelayo ye-T-64, Object 434, yayizoba nentuthuko eminingi: isibhamu somshini we-Utios anti-aircraft, igeja, ukufakwa kwe-wading ejulile, imiphongolo eyengeziwe kaphethiloli, nokucindezelwa. amathrekhi. I-carousel yephephabhuku yomshini wokulayisha isibhamu yayizolungiswa ngendlela yokuthi umshayeli akwazi ukungena ngaphansi kwe-turret ngemva kokukhipha ama-cartridges ambalwa ane-cartridges. Impilo yesevisi yenjini yayizokhula ibe ngamahora angu-500, futhi impilo yesevisi yemoto ibe amahora angu-10 30. km. Injini bekumele ibe ne-multifuel ngempela. Kuphinde kwahlelwa ukuthi kwengezwe injini eyisiqalisi enamandla angu-10 kW, ebizwa ngokuthi iPuskacz. Kwakuzosebenza njenge-heater yenjini eyinhloko ukuze isheshe iqale ebusika (isikhathi esingaphansi kwemizuzu eyi-XNUMX) kanye nokushaja amabhethri nokunikeza amandla lapho kumiswa.
Izikhali nazo zashintshwa. Ku-T-64, ipuleti elingaphambili elingaphezulu lalihlanganisa ungqimba lwensimbi oluwugqinsi olungu-80 mm, izendlalelo ezimbili eziyinhlanganisela (indwangu ye-fiberglass eboshiwe ye-phenol-formaldehyde) engu-105 mm isiyonke, kanye nongqimba lwensimbi oluthambile oluwu-20 mm olungaphakathi. Isivikelo se-anti-radiation senziwa ngolwelwesi olulwa nemisebe olwenziwe nge-polyethylene esindayo enogqinsi oluyisilinganiso esingu-40 mm (sasincanyana lapho isivikelo sensimbi sasijiyile, futhi ngokuphambene nalokho). Ku-Object 434, amamaki ensimbi wezikhali ashintshwa, futhi isakhiwo senhlanganisela sashintshwa. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, phakathi kwamashidi enhlanganisela kwakukhona i-spacer eyenziwe nge-aluminium ethambile, amamilimitha ambalwa ubukhulu.
Izinguquko ezinkulu zenziwa ku-armor ye-turret, okubangele izinguquko ezincane ekubunjweni kwayo. Ukufakwa kwe-aluminium engxenyeni yayo yangaphambili kuthathelwe indawo amamojula ahlanganisa amashidi amabili ensimbi anamandla aphezulu anesendlalelo sepulasitiki elinezimbotshana phakathi kwawo. I-cross-section ye-armor ye-turret yafana nesembatho sangaphambili, umehluko wokuthi esikhundleni se-glass composite, insimbi yasetshenziswa. Lapho ubala usuka ngaphandle, okokuqala kwaba ungqimba oluwugqinsi lwensimbi ekhonjiwe, imojula eyinhlanganisela, ungqimba oluncane lwensimbi ekhonjiwe kanye nolwelwesi olulwa nemisebe. Ezindaweni lapho okokusebenza kombhoshongo okufakiwe kwenze kwaba nzima ukufaka umugqa owugqinsi ngokuqhathaniswa, kwasetshenziswa izendlalelo zomthofu ezacile ezine-coefficient yokumunca elinganayo. Isakhiwo "sokuhlosiwe" sombhoshongo sihlala sithakazelisa kakhulu. Izinhlamvu ezenziwe nge-corundum (i-aluminium oxide enobunzima obuphezulu) kwakuzoba into ekhulisa ukumelana kwayo nokungena ngawo womabili ama-projectiles angumongo kanye neqoqo.
