imayini kasawoti "Bochnia"
Kusukela ngo-1248, usawoti wambiwa eBochnia. Imayini kasawoti yaseBochnia eyingqophamlando iyisitshalo esidala kunazo zonke ePoland lapho kwaqala khona ukumbiwa kukasawoti wamatshe. Idiphozithi yaseBochnia yakhiwa eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingu-20 edlule ngesikhathi seMiocene, lapho indawo yeBochnia yanamuhla yayimbozwe ulwandle olungajulile nolufudumele. Idiphozi kasawoti inomumo welensi engavamile etholakala kuhlangothi lwe-latitudinal eduze kwe-eksisi esempumalanga-ntshonalanga. Ubude bayo bungaba ngu-4 km, kodwa kuyini ukujula kwayo? kusuka ku-50 kuye ku-500 m. Ingabe incane? amamitha ambalwa kuya kwamakhulu amabili. Ezingqimbeni ezingenhla, itholakala ngokukhuphuka kakhulu, cishe ngokuqondile, kuphela engxenyeni ephakathi ithambekele eningizimu nge-engeli ye-30-40 °, bese iyancipha? kuze kube yilapho inyamalala ngokuphelele.
Ukusebenza kwemayini, etholakala ekujuleni okungama-70 kuya ku-289 m, ihlanganisa isamba esingaba ngu-60 km wamagalari namakamelo. Anwebeka cishe ku-3,5 km eduze kwe-eksisi esempumalanga-ntshonalanga futhi abe nobubanzi obukhulu obungama-250 m eduze ne-axis esenyakatho-eningizimu. Ukusebenza okuvikelwe kutholakala emazingeni ayisishiyagalolunye: I? Danilovets, II? Sobieski, III? Vernier, IV? Agasti, V? Lobkowicz, VI? Senkevich, VII? Beg-Stanetti, VIII? I-scaffold, IX? Golukhovsky.
Imayini kasawoti? Imayini endala kasawoti ePoland, eqhubeka isebenza kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX kuya kwele-XNUMX (usawoti we-rock ePoland watholwa eBochnia emashumini ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambili kunaseWieliczka). Imayini yeSutoris, imayini kasawoti endala kunazo zonke esebenzayo ePoland, ihlehlela emuva maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nantathu. Izimayini zikasawoti e-Bochnia nase-Wieliczka bezilokhu ziyimpahla yenkosi futhi zinenzuzo enkulu kusukela ngesikhathi sikaKazimierz nasemakhulwini eminyaka alandela.
Ngemva kweminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili isebenza, le mayini ifana nedolobha elingaphansi komhlaba elingavamile, elihlaba umxhwele ngemisebenzi eyingqayizivele, izindlu zesonto eziqoshwe emadwaleni kasawoti, kanye nemifanekiso eqoshiwe nemishini eyasetshenziswa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Ingavakashelwa hhayi kuphela ngezinyawo, kodwa futhi nge-metro engaphansi komhlaba nezikebhe. Imayini iyisikhumbuzo esiyigugu sobuchwepheshe. Kuzivakashi, kunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okungasoze kwalibaleka, futhi kusazi sokuma komhlaba nesazi-mlando, imayini iyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yokufunda.
Kwakuyisakhiwo esithile sokwakheka komhlaba esanquma uhlobo lokuxhashazwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendawo okuyingqayizivele kwale ndawo. Izinto ezinenani elikhethekile ukusebenza engxenyeni yomlando yemayini kasawoti yase-Bochnia, kusukela emayini kasawoti i-Trinitatis, ngemuva kwemayini yangaphambili ye-Danielovec, kuya emayini yaseGoluchovska, ngamazinga ayisithupha emayini yaseCampi kanye namazinga ayisishiyagalolunye emayini yaseSutoris. Lezi yimivubukulo emidala kakhulu yekhulu lesi-XNUMX-XNUMX, eye yasinda kuze kube namuhla isesimweni esihle ngenxa yesenzo sokuvikela umgodi ngohlelo lwamabhokisi, ulwelwesi lwamapulangwe, amafantoon nezinsika zikasawoti, osekwenziwe kusukela lapho. maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhangayo kakhulu futhi eziyingqayizivele ngokuphelele ukusebenza okuqondile, okubizwa ngokuthi ama-intramine shafts nama-furnaces, i.e. ukusebenza.
Phakathi kwamakamelo, igumbi le-Vazhyn livelele (usawoti wawumbiwa lapha kusukela ngo-1697 kuya ku-50s, njengoba kwakukhona idiphozithi eningi kakhulu kule ndawo), etholakala ekujuleni okungamamitha angaba ngu-250. Ubude bayo buyi-255 m, ububanzi obukhulu bucishe bube yi-15 m, futhi ukuphakama kungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-7. Leli khaya elikhulu, elimangalisayo alinazisekelo. Uphahla kanye nezindonga ezinezingqimba zikasawoti kanye ne-anhydrite, okudala umhlobiso wemvelo, zibukeka zimangalisa. Ophahleni olunemigqa lwekamelo, umgodi wakwa-Ernest wekhulu le-XNUMX uboshiwe, okuyinto, njengabanye, isibonelo somphumela wokucindezela kwe-rock mass odwebeni lwamapulangwe lwemibukiso namakamelo. Engxenyeni eseningizimu yegumbi le-Vazhyn, kukhona indawo yokungena esiphambanweni saseMann, esukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, enemikhondo egciniwe yokucutshungulwa kwediphozithi ngesandla (imikhondo yalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ama-flaps nemisebenzi ye-cavernous).
I-Vazhinskaya chamber ine-microclimate ethize ebonakala ngokushisa okungashintshi (14-16 ° C), umswakama ophezulu kanye ne-ionization yomoya ohlanzekile ogcwele i-sodium chloride kanye nama-microelements abalulekile. i-magnesium, i-calcium ne-manganese. Lezi zakhiwo ezithile, ezithuthukiswa uhlelo olusebenza kahle lokungena komoya, zenza kube kuhle ukusula umgudu wokuphefumula futhi zibe nezindawo zokuphulukisa ezifweni eziningi (i-rhinitis engapheli, i-pharyngitis ne-laryngitis, izifo eziphindaphindayo zendlela yokuphefumula ephezulu), kanye ne-anti- i-allergic, antibacterial kanye ne-antifungal properties. Kusukela ngo-1993, igumbi lisetshenziswa iziguli nsuku zonke (ukuhogela nokuphumula).
Ukuze kujwayezwe izivakashi ngendlela yasendulo yezimayini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwendawo yemayini, kwakhiwa kabusha izinsiza ezintathu zokuthutha ezithokozisayo kanye nekhophi enkulu yemephu yazo zonke izinto ezimbiwe emayini yaseBochna, okusekelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. eyenziwe. Ezingeni le-Sienkiewicz kunesondo eligijimayo lokudonsa amanzi, futhi ekamelweni laseRabshtyn, elisetshenziswa kusukela ngekhulu lesi-XNUMX, kwabekwa ithrekhi yokugijima yamahhashi amane yokudonsa imayini, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-slot. Kuyaphawuleka ikesi lokuqala lokhuni lekhamera yangaleso sikhathi. Ku-treadmill eduze kwaseVazhinsky Val kune-treadmill enkulu yohlobo lwe-Saxon enezici ezithile zomklamo wangempela.
Umthombo: I-National Heritage Institute.
