Ukuncishiswa. I-Turbo enjinini encane. Iqiniso lonke mayelana nobuchwepheshe besimanje

Manje sekujwayelekile ukuthi abakhiqizi bafake ama-powertrains anamandla aphansi ezimotweni, ngisho ezifana neVolkswagen Passat noma iSkoda Superb. Umbono wokunciphisa usuvele waba ngcono, futhi isikhathi sikhombisile ukuthi lesi sixazululo sisebenza nsuku zonke. Isici esibalulekile kulolu hlobo lwenjini, yiqiniso, i-turbocharger, ikuvumela ukuba uzuze amandla aphezulu ngamandla amancane ngesikhathi esifanayo.

umgomo wokusebenza

I-turbocharger iqukethe ama-rotor amabili ajikelezayo kanyekanye afakwe ku-shaft evamile. Eyokuqala ifakwe ohlelweni lwe-exhaust, amagesi okukhipha igesi ahlinzeka ngokunyakaza, faka ama-mufflers futhi aphonswa ngaphandle. I-rotor yesibili itholakala ohlelweni lokuthatha, icindezela umoya futhi iwucindezele enjinini.

Lokhu kucindezela kufanele kulawulwe ukuze okuningi kungangeni ekamelweni elivuthayo. Amasistimu alula asebenzisa ukuma kwe-valve ye-bypass, kuyilapho imiklamo ethuthukisiwe, i.e. ama-blades asetshenziswa kakhulu anejiyomethri eguquguqukayo.

Bheka futhi: Izindlela eziyi-10 eziphezulu zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli

Ngeshwa, umoya ngesikhathi sokucindezela okuphezulu ushisa kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho, ushiswa yi-turbocharger housing, ebuye inciphise ukuminyana kwayo, futhi lokhu kuthinta kabi ukushiswa okufanele kwengxube kaphethiloli-yomoya. Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi basebenzisa, isibonelo, i-intercooler, umsebenzi wayo ukupholisa umoya oshisayo ngaphambi kokuba ungene ekamelweni lomlilo. Njengoba iphola iyaqina, okusho ukuthi eningi ingangena emgqonyeni.

I-Eaton compressor ne-turbocharger

Enjinini enama-supercharger amabili, i-turbocharger ne-compressor mechanical, afakwe nhlangothi zombili zenjini. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi i-turbine iyi-generator ephezulu yokushisa, ngakho-ke isisombululo esihle ukufaka i-compressor yemishini ngakolunye uhlangothi. I-compressor ye-Eaton isekela ukusebenza kwe-turbocharger, iqhutshwa ibhande elinezimbambo eziningi elisuka ku-pulley yepompo yamanzi eyinhloko, efakwe i-clutch kagesi kagesi engagcini ukunakekelwa enesibopho sokuyivula.

Izilinganiso zangaphakathi ezifanele kanye nesilinganiso sedrayivu yebhande kubangela ukuthi amarotha e-compressor ajikeleze ngesivinini esiphindwe kahlanu kune-crankshaft ye-automobile drive. I-compressor inamathiselwe kubhulokhi yenjini ohlangothini oluningi lokuthathayo, futhi i-throttle elawulayo ilinganisa inani lokucindezela okukhiqizwayo.

Lapho i-throttle ivaliwe, i-compressor ikhiqiza ukucindezela okukhulu kwesivinini samanje. Umoya ocindezelwe ube usuphoqeleka ungene ku-turbocharger bese i-throttle ivuleka ngokucindezela okukhulu, okuhlukanisa umoya ku-compressor ne-turbocharger.

Ubunzima bomsebenzi

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elishiwo ngenhla kanye nemithwalo eguquguqukayo yezinto zesakhiwo yizici ezithinta kakhulu ngokuyinhloko ukuqina kwe-turbocharger. Ukusebenza okungalungile kuholela ekugqokeni okusheshayo komshini, ukushisa ngokweqile futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukwehluleka. Kunezimpawu zokulandisa ezimbalwa zokungasebenzi kahle kwe-turbocharger, njengokuthi "ukushaya ikhwela", ukuphelelwa amandla kungazelelwe lapho ukhuphuka, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ephuma exhaphozini, ukuya esimweni esiphuthumayo, kanye nomlayezo wephutha wenjini obizwa ngokuthi "bang". "Hlola injini" futhi ugcobe ngamafutha ezungeze i-turbine nangaphakathi kwepayipi lokungenisa umoya.

Ezinye izinjini zesimanje ezincane zinesixazululo sokuvikela i-turbo ekushiseni ngokweqile. Ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kokushisa, i-turbine ifakwe iziteshi zokupholisa, okusho ukuthi lapho injini icishiwe, uketshezi luyaqhubeka nokugeleza futhi inqubo iyaqhubeka kuze kufike izinga lokushisa elifanele, ngokuhambisana nezici ezishisayo. Lokhu kwenziwa kube nokwenzeka yiphampu epholile kagesi esebenza ngokuzimela ngaphandle kwenjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Isilawuli senjini (nge-relay) silawula ukusebenza kwayo futhi sisebenze lapho injini ifinyelela i-torque engaphezu kuka-100 Nm futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya ku-manifold yokungenisa lingaphezu kuka-50 ° C.

umphumela we-turbo hole

Ububi bezinye izinjini ezishajwe kakhulu ezinamandla aphezulu yilokhu okubizwa. umphumela we-turbo lag, i.e. ukwehla kwesikhashana ekusebenzeni kahle kwenjini ngesikhathi isuka noma isifiso sokusheshisa kakhulu. Uma i-compressor inkulu, umphumela ubonakala kakhulu, ngoba idinga isikhathi esengeziwe salokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Ukuphotha".

Injini encane ikhulisa amandla ngamandla, i-turbine efakiwe incane, ukuze umphumela ochaziwe uncishiswe. I-torque itholakala ngesivinini esiphansi senjini, esiqinisekisa induduzo ngesikhathi sokusebenza, isibonelo, ezimweni zasemadolobheni. Isibonelo, enjinini ye-VW 1.4 TSI enamandla angu-122 hp. (EA111) kakade ku-1250 rpm, cishe i-80% ye-torque ephelele iyatholakala, futhi ukucindezela okuphezulu kwe-boost kuyi-1,8 bar.

Onjiniyela, befuna ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuphelele, bakha isixazululo esisha, okungukuthi i-turbocharger kagesi (E-turbo). Lolu hlelo lukhula ngokuvela ezinjinini ezinamandla aphansi. Indlela isekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi i-rotor, eqhuba umoya ofakwe enjini, ijikeleza ngosizo lwe-motor kagesi - ngenxa yalokhu, umphumela ungaqedwa.

Iqiniso noma inganekwane?

Abantu abaningi bakhathazekile ngokuthi ama-turbocharger atholakala ezinjinini ezingasakhulukazi angahluleka ngokushesha, okungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi agcwele kakhulu. Ngeshwa, lena inganekwane ephindaphindwa njalo. Iqiniso liwukuthi ukuphila isikhathi eside kuncike kakhulu endleleni osebenzisa ngayo, ukushayela nokushintsha uwoyela wakho - cishe u-90% womonakalo udalwa ngumsebenzisi.

Kucatshangwa ukuthi izimoto nge mileage 150-200 ayizinkulungwane km basonta iqembu ingozi anda ukwehluleka. Eqinisweni, izimoto eziningi ziye zahamba ngaphezu kwekhilomitha, futhi iyunithi echazwe isasebenza ngokungenasici kuze kube yilolu suku. Ama-Mechanics athi uwoyela ushintsha njalo ngamakhilomitha angama-30-10, i.e. I-Long Life, inomthelela ongemuhle esimweni se-turbocharger nenjini uqobo. Ngakho-ke sizokwehlisa izikhawu zokushintshwa zibe izinkulungwane eziyi-15-XNUMX. km, futhi usebenzise uwoyela ngokuhambisana nezincomo zomkhiqizi wemoto yakho, futhi ungajabulela ukusebenza okungenazinkinga isikhathi eside.  

Ukuvuselelwa okungenzeka kwe-elementi kubiza kusuka ku-PLN 900 kuya ku-2000. I-turbo entsha ibiza kakhulu - ngisho nangaphezu kuka-4000 zł.

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