I-Web 3.0 futhi, kodwa futhi ngendlela ehlukile. Amaketanga okusikhulula
Ngokushesha ngemva kokuba umqondo we-Web 2.0 usakazwe, engxenyeni yesibili yeshumi leminyaka yokuqala yekhulu lama-1, umqondo wenguqulo yesithathu ye-Inthanethi (3.0), eyayiqondwa ngaleso sikhathi ngokuthi "iwebhu ye-semantic", yavela. ngokushesha. Ngemva kweminyaka, i-troika ibuyele emfashini njenge-crap, kodwa kulokhu i-Web XNUMX iqondwa kancane ngokuhlukile.
Incazelo entsha yalo mqondo inikezwa umsunguli wengqalasizinda ye-Polkadot blockchain kanye nombhali ohlangene. i-cryptocurrency Ethereum, Gavin Wood. Njengoba kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ubani umqalisi wenguqulo entsha Iwebhu 3.0 kulokhu kufanele kube nokuthile okuphathelene ne-blockchain kanye ne-cryptocurrencies. UWood ngokwakhe uchaza inethiwekhi entsha njengevuleke kakhulu futhi ivikelekile. Iwebhu 3.0 ngeke iphathwe phakathi ohulumeni abambalwa futhi, njengoba kwenzeka ngokwandayo, kwenziwa yi-Big Tech monopolies, kodwa kunalokho umphakathi we-inthanethi wentando yeningi nozibusayo.
"Namuhla, i-inthanethi iya ngokuya imayelana nedatha ekhiqizwa abasebenzisi," kusho uWood ku-podcast. Iwebhu Yesithathu yaqoshwa ngo-2019. Namuhla, uthi, ama-startups eSilicon Valley axhaswa ngekhono lawo lokuqoqa idatha ngokuphumelelayo. Kwamanye amapulatifomu, cishe zonke izenzo zomsebenzisi zifakiwe. “Lokhu kungasetshenziswa kuphela ekukhangiseni okuhlosiwe, kodwa idatha ingase isetshenziselwe nezinye izinjongo,” kuxwayisa uWood.
"Ukubikezela imibono nokuziphatha kwabantu, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yokhetho." Ekugcineni, lokhu kuholela ekulawuleni kobushiqela, kuphetha uWood.
2. U-Gavin Wood kanye nelogo ye-Polkadot
Esikhundleni salokho, ihlinzeka nge-inthanethi evulekile, ezenzakalelayo, yamahhala, nentando yeningi lapho abasebenzisi benethiwekhi benquma, hhayi izinkampani ezinkulu.
Impumelelo enkulu yephrojekthi esekelwa i-Web3 Foundation Wood i-Polkadot (2), inhlangano engenzi nzuzo ezinze e-Switzerland. I-Polkadot iphrothokholi ehlukaniselwe indawo esekelwe ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain (3) okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuxhumanisa i-blockchain nezinye izixazululo zokushintshaniswa kolwazi nokuthengiselana ngendlela evikelekile ngokuphelele. Ixhuma ama-blockchains, kokubili omphakathi kanye nangasese, kanye nobunye ubuchwepheshe. Yakhelwe ezingqimbeni ezine: i-blockchain eyinhloko ebizwa ngokuthi i-Relay Chain, exhumanisa ama-blockchain ahlukene futhi yenza kube lula ukushintshana phakathi kwawo, ama-parachains (ama-blockchain alula) akha inethiwekhi ye-Polkadot, ama-para-streams noma ama-parachain akhokhelwa-per-use, futhi ekugcineni. “amabhuloho”. , okungukuthi izixhumi zama-blockchains azimele.
Inethiwekhi ye-Polkadot ihlose ukuthuthukisa ukusebenzisana, ukukhulisa ukukala, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwama-blockchains aphethwe. Esikhathini esingaphansi konyaka, i-Polkadot yethule izicelo ezingaphezu kuka-350.
3. Ukwethulwa kwemodeli yobuchwepheshe be-blockchain
I-Polkadot blockchain eyinhloko isifunda edluliselwe. Ixhuma ama-parachain ahlukahlukene futhi yenze kube lula ukushintshaniswa kwedatha, izimpahla, kanye nokuthengiselana. Amaketango aqondile ama-parachain ahambisana ne-Polkadot blockchain eyinhloko noma iketango lokudlulisa. Zingahluka kakhulu komunye nomunye ngesakhiwo, uhlelo lokubusa, amathokheni, njll. I-Parachains iphinde ivumele ukuthengiselana okuhambisanayo futhi yenza i-Polkadot ibe uhlelo olulula futhi oluvikelekile.
Ngokusho kukaWood, lolu hlelo lungadluliselwa kunethiwekhi eqondwa kabanzi kunokuphatha imali ye-crypto. I-inthanethi iyavela, lapho abasebenzisi ngabodwana futhi bebonke benokulawula okuphelele kukho konke okwenzeka ohlelweni.
Ukusuka ekufundweni kwekhasi elilula kuye kokuthi "tokenomics"
Iwebhu 1.0 kwaba ukuqaliswa kokuqala kwewebhu. Njengoba bekulindelekile, yathatha kusukela ngo-1989 kuya ku-2005. Le nguqulo ingachazwa njengenethiwekhi yokuxhumana yolwazi. Ngokusho komdali we-World Wide Web, u-Tim Berners-Lee, yayifundwa kuphela ngaleso sikhathi.
Lokhu kunikeze ukuxhumana okuncane kakhulu, lapho ulwazi lungashintshwa ndawonyekodwa kwakungelona iqiniso. Esikhaleni solwazi, izinto ezithakaselwayo zazibizwa ngokuthi I-Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI; URI). Yonke into yayimile. Awukwazanga ukufunda lutho. Bekuyimodeli yomtapo wolwazi.
I-inthanethi yesizukulwane sesibili, eyaziwa ngokuthi Iwebhu 2.0, yaqale yachazwa nguDale Dougherty ngo-2004 ngokuthi funda-bhala inethiwekhi. Amakhasi e-Web 2.0 avumele ukuqoqwa nokuphathwa kwamaqembu ezithakazelo zomhlaba, kanye nokuxhumana okuhlinzekwa komphakathi.
Iwebhu 2.0 kuwuguquko lwebhizinisi embonini yamakhompiyutha elethwa ukushintshela ku-inthanethi njengenkundla. Kulesi sigaba, abasebenzisi baqale ukudala okuqukethwe ezisekelweni ezifana ne-YouTube, Facebook, njll. Le nguqulo ye-inthanethi ibingomphakathi futhi isebenzisana, kodwa ngokuvamile kwakufanele uyikhokhele. Ububi bale inthanethi esebenzisanayo, eyasetshenziswa ngokubambezeleka okuthile, ukuthi ngenkathi kwakhiwa okuqukethwe, abasebenzisi baphinde babelane ngolwazi nolwazi lomuntu siqu nezinkampani ezilawula lezi nkundla.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho i-Web 2.0 iqala ukumila, izibikezelo ze Iwebhu 3.0. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule bekukholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzoba okubizwa ngokuthi. . Izincazelo, ezanyatheliswa cishe ngo-2008, zaphakamisa ukuvela kwesofthiwe enembile nehlakaniphile ezosesha ulwazi olwakhelwe thina, olungcono kakhulu kunezindlela ezaziwayo zokwenza kube ngokwakho eziphakanyisiwe.
Iwebhu 3.0 bekufanele kube isizukulwane sesithathu sezinsizakalo ze-inthanethi, amakhasi nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezigxile ekusetshenzisweni ukufunda ngomshini i ukuqonda idatha. Umgomo omkhulu we-Web 3.0, njengoba kucatshangwa engxenyeni yesibili ye-XNUMXs, kwakuwukudala amawebhusayithi ahlakaniphe kakhulu, axhumekile futhi avulekile. Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, kubonakala sengathi le migomo yafezeka futhi iyafezeka, nakuba igama elithi "semantic web" liye laphelelwa ukusetshenziswa okuvamile.
Incazelo yanamuhla yenguqulo yesithathu ye-inthanethi esekelwe ku-Ethereum ayiphikisani neze nezibikezelo zakudala ze-inthanethi ye-semantic, kodwa igcizelela enye into, ubumfihlo, ukuphepha kanye nentando yeningi.
Ukuqamba okusha okubalulekile kule minyaka eyishumi edlule wukwakhiwa kwezinkundla ezingalawulwa yinoma iyiphi inhlangano eyodwa, kodwa wonke umuntu angethemba. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umsebenzisi ngamunye kanye no-opharetha walawa manethiwekhi kufanele athobele isethi efanayo yemithetho enekhodi eliqinile eyaziwa ngokuthi izivumelwano zokuvumelana. Eyesibili emisha ukuthi lawa manethiwekhi avumela ukudluliswa kwenani noma imali phakathi kwama-akhawunti. Lezi zinto ezimbili - ukusabalalisa kanye nemali ye-inthanethi - izihluthulelo zokuqonda kwesimanje kwe-Web 3.0.
Abadali bamanethiwekhi e-cryptocurrencymhlawumbe hhayi bonke, kodwa abalingiswa like Gavin Woodbabazi ukuthi umsebenzi wabo umayelana nani. Omunye wemitapo yolwazi yokuhlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhala ikhodi ye-Ethereum yi-web3.js.
Ngaphezu kokugxila ekuvikelweni kwedatha, umkhuba omusha we-Web 3.0 unesici sezezimali, umnotho we-inthanethi entsha. Imali kunethiwekhi entshaEsikhundleni sokuthembela ezinkundleni zezimali zendabuko eziboshelwe kohulumeni futhi zilinganiselwe yimingcele, zilawulwa ngokukhululekile abanikazi, emhlabeni jikelele futhi azilawulwa. Lokhu kusho nokuthi amathokheni i kryptowaluty angasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa amamodeli ebhizinisi amasha ngokuphelele kanye nomnotho we-inthanethi.
Ngokukhula, lesi siqondiso sibizwa ngokuthi i-tokenomics. Isibonelo sangaphambi kwesikhathi kodwa esinesizotha inethiwekhi yesikhangiso kuwebhu ehlukaniselwe izwe engancikile ekuthengisweni kwedatha yomsebenzisi kubakhangisi, kodwa ethembele ukuklomelisa abasebenzisi ngethokheni yokubuka izikhangiso. Lolu hlobo lohlelo lokusebenza lwe-Web 3.0 luthuthukiswa endaweni yesiphequluli se-Brave kanye nohlelo lwezezimali lwe-Basic Attention Token (BAT).
Ukuze i-Web 3.0 ibe ngokoqobo kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisuselwe kuyo, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe badinga ukuzisebenzisa. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza zidinga ukuthi zifundeke kakhulu, ziqondakale kubantu abangaphandle kwemibuthano yokuhlela. Okwamanje, akunakusho ukuthi i-tokenomics iyaqondakala ngokombono wabantu abaningi.
"Ubaba weWWW" ocashunwe ngokuzimisela U-Tim Berners-Lee, wake waphawula ukuthi iWeb 3.0 iwuhlobo lokubuyela kuWeb 1.0. Ngoba ukuze ushicilele okuthile, ubeke okuthile, wenze okuthile, awudingi imvume evela "kugunya eliphakathi", ayikho i-node yokulawula, ayikho iphuzu elilodwa lokubuka futhi ... akukho ukushintsha.
Inye kuphela inkinga ngale Web 3.0 entsha yentando yeningi, yamahhala, engalawulwa. Okwamanje, yimibuthano elinganiselwe kuphela eyisebenzisayo futhi efuna ukuyisebenzisa. Abasebenzisi abaningi babonakala bejabule nge-Web 2.0 esebenziseka kalula futhi kulula ukuyisebenzisa njengoba manje ilethwe ezingeni eliphezulu lobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi.
