Uhlelo lomjovo wenjini ye-diesel - umjovo oqondile ngepompo ejikelezayo i-VP 30, 37 kanye ne-VP 44

Ukunyuka njalo kwamanani kaphethiloli kududule abenzi bawo ukuba baqinise ekwakhiweni kwezinjini zikadizili. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, babedlala i-violin yesibili kuphela ngaphezu kwezinjini zikaphethiloli. Izimbangela ezinkulu kube ukuqubuka kwabo, umsindo nokudlidliza, okunganxeshezelwanga ngisho nangokusetshenziswa okuphansi kakhulu kukaphethiloli. Isimo bekufanele ngabe sibhebhethekiswa ukuqina okuzayo kwezidingo zomthetho ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola emagesi e-exhaust. Njengakweminye imikhakha, i-elektroniki enamandla onke isize izinjini zikadizili.

Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, kepha ikakhulukazi ngeminyaka yama-90s, kwethulwa kancane kancane i-elektroniki yokulawulwa kwezinjini (i-EDC), okwenze ngcono kakhulu ukusebenza kwezinjini zikadizili. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko kube ngcono ukwenziwa kwe-atomization ngophethiloli ophakeme, kanye nomjovo wephethiloli olawulwa ngogesi ngokuya ngesimo samanje nezidingo zenjini. Abaningi bethu bazokhumbula kokuhlangenwe nakho kwangempela ukuthi hlobo luni lwe- "go-ahead" oludale ukwethulwa kwenjini edumile ye-1,9 TDi ngendlela enokuthula. Njengephunga le-wand magic, kuze kube manje i-1,9 D / TD enamandla ibe ngumsubathi onamandla osetshenziswa ngamandla amancane kakhulu.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi kusebenza kanjani ipompo yomjovo ojikelezayo. Sizoqala sichaze ukuthi amaphampu ama-rotary lobe alawulwa ngendlela esebenza kanjani bese amaphampu alawulwa ngogesi. Isibonelo yipompo yomjovo ovela kuBosch, owayeyiphayona futhi ehlala eyiphayona nomkhiqizi omkhulu kunayo yonke wezinhlelo zokujova zezinjini zikadizili ezimotweni zabagibeli.

Iyunithi yomjovo enepompo ejikelezayo inikezela uphethiloli ngasikhathi sinye kuwo wonke amasilinda wenjini. Ukusatshalaliswa kukaphethiloli kuma-injectors ngamanye kwenziwa yipiston yokusabalalisa. Ngokuya ngokuhamba kwepiston, amaphampu we-rotary lobe ahlukaniswe nge-axial (nge-piston eyodwa) ne-radial (enama-piston amabili kuya kwamane).

Ipompo yomjovo we-Rotary ene-axial piston nabasabalalisi

Ukuze uthole incazelo, sizosebenzisa ipompo eyaziwa ngeBosch VE. Iphampu iqukethe ipompo yokuphakelayo, ipompo elinengcindezi enkulu, isilawuli sejubane neswishi yomjovo. Iphampu ye-feed vane ihambisa uphethiloli esikhaleni sokumunca ipompo, ukusuka lapho uphethiloli ungena esigabeni somfutho ophakeme, lapho ucindezelwa khona kwingcindezi edingekayo. I-piston yokusabalalisa yenza ukunyakaza okushelelayo nokujikeleza ngasikhathi sinye. Ukunyakaza okushelelayo kubangelwa yikhamera ye-axial exhunywe ngokuqinile ku-piston. Lokhu kuvumela ukuthi uphethiloli umunce futhi unikezwe kulayini wokucindezela okuphezulu wohlelo lukaphethiloli wezinjini ngamaphayiphu okucindezela. Ngenxa yokuhamba ngokujikeleza kwe-piston yokulawula, kufinyeleleka ukuthi indawo yokuhambisa episton ijikeleze iziteshi lapho ulayini wokucindezela ophakeme wamasilinda ngamunye uxhunywe esikhaleni sekhanda lepompo ngenhla kwepiston. I-Fuel idonswa phakathi nokuhamba kwepiston kuya esikhungweni esingaphansi esifile, lapho izingxenye ezivundlile zomzila wokungenisa kanye nemijelo ese-piston zivulelekile komunye nomunye.

Rotary umjovo futha nge piston osabalalayo

Iphampu yokujikeleza enama-radial pistons inikeza ingcindezi ephezulu yomjovo. Iphampu enjalo iqukethe amapistoni amabili kuya kwamane, ahambisa izindandatho zekham, ezifakwe kupiston emasilindini azo, zibheke ngasesishintsheni somjovo. Indandatho ye-cam inezikhwama eziningi njenge-cylinder yenjini enikeziwe. Njengoba shaft yempompo izungeza, ama-piston ahamba ngendlela ye-cam ring ngosizo lwama-roller futhi adudule ama-cam protrusions angene esikhaleni somfutho ophakeme. I-Rotor yepompo yokuphakelayo ixhunywe kushaft yokushayela yepompo yomjovo. Iphampu yokuphakelayo yenzelwe ukunikezela ngophethiloli kusuka ethangini kuya kumpompo wephethiloli ophakeme kwengcindezi edingekayo ukuze isebenze kahle. Uphethiloli unikezwa ama-radial pistons nge-Rotor distributor, exhunywe ngokuqinile ku-shaft pump pump. Ku-eksisi ye-Rotor distributor kunembobo emaphakathi exhuma isikhala somfutho ophakeme wama-radial pistons anezimbobo ezinqamulelayo zokunikezela ngophethiloli kusuka kupompo yokuphakelayo kanye nokukhipha uphethiloli ophakeme kakhulu kuma-injectors amasilinda ngamanye. Uphethiloli uphuma ungene emibhaleni ngesikhathi sokuxhuma izingxenyeni zesiphambano se-rotor bore kanye neziteshi ku-stator sepompo. Ukusuka lapho, uphethiloli ugeleza ngentambo yokucindezela okuphezulu uye kuma-injectors ngamanye amasilinda wenjini. Ukulawulwa kwenani likaphethiloli ojojowe kwenzeka ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kukaphethiloli ogeleza usuka kupompo yokuphakelayo uye engxenyeni yengcindezi ephezulu yepompo.

Amapompo Wokujovula Olawulwa Ngokwe-elekthronikhi

Iphampu ye-rotary elawulwa kakhulu nge-elekthronikhi esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zase-Europe uchungechunge lwe-Bosch VP30, olukhiqiza umfutho ophakeme ngenjini ye-axial piston, kanye ne-VP44, lapho yakhela khona iphampu yokufuduka enama-radial pistons amabili noma amathathu. Ngepompo ye-axial kungenzeka ukufeza ukucindezela okukhulu kwe-nozzle kuze kufike ku-120 MPa, futhi ngepompo ye-radial kufika ku-180 MPa. Iphampu ilawulwa yi-electronic engine control system EDC. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokukhiqiza, uhlelo lokulawula lwahlukaniswa lwaba amasistimu amabili, enye yawo yayilawulwa yisistimu yokuphatha injini, kanti enye yayilawulwa yiphampu yomjovo. Kancane kancane, isilawuli esisodwa esivamile esitholakala ngqo epompo saqala ukusetshenziswa.

Iphampu yeCentrifugal (VP44)

Elinye lamaphampu ajwayelekile walolu hlobo yi-VP 44 radial piston pump esuka eBosch. Le mpompo yethulwa ngo-1996 njengohlelo lokujovwa ngamandla kukaphethiloli wezimoto zabagibeli nezimoto zokuhweba ezilula. Umkhiqizi wokuqala ukusebenzisa lolu hlelo kwakungu-Opel, owafaka iphampu ye-VP44 enjinini kadizili oyisilinda ezine yeVectra 2,0 / 2,2 DTi yayo. Lokhu kwalandelwa yi-Audi enenjini engu-2,5 TDi. Kulolu hlobo, ukuqala komjovo nokulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kulawulwa ngokuphelele ngogesi ngamaphayiphu e-solenoid. Njengoba sekushiwo, lonke uhlelo lokujova lilawulwa ngamayunithi amabili wokulawula ahlukene, ngokuhlukile injini nepompo, noma eyodwa kuwo womabili amadivayisi atholakala ngqo empompa. Amayunithi wokulawula aqhuba amasiginali avela kwinzwa ethile, ebonakala ngokucacile kulo mdwebo ongezansi.

Ngokombono wedizayini, umgomo wokusebenza kwepompo ngokuyisisekelo uyefana nohlelo oluqhutshwa ngemishini. Iphampu kaphethiloli enomfutho wokusabalalisa osabalalayo iqukethe ipompo yegumbi le-vane eline-valve yokulawula ingcindezi ne-valve mpintsha ye-flow. Umsebenzi wayo ukumunca uphethiloli, ukudala ingcindezi ngaphakathi kwe-accumulator (cishe ama-MPa ama-2) nokugcwalisa ngephampu ye-radial piston enengcindezi ephezulu edala ingcindezi edingekayo yokujova i-atomization kaphethiloli kumasilinda (kufika ku-160 MPa) . ). I-camshaft ijikeleza kanye nepompo ephezulu futhi inikezela uphethiloli kumasilinda we-injector ngamanye. I-valve esheshayo ye-solenoid isetshenziselwa ukukala nokulawula inani likaphethiloli elijovwe, elilawulwa ngamasiginali ngemvamisa eguquguqukayo yokushaya ngamandla nge-el. iyunithi itholakala empompa. Ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-valve kunquma isikhathi lapho uphethiloli uhanjiswa khona yiphampu ephezulu. Ngokuya ngamasignali avela ku-reverse angle sensor (ukuma okusemaceleni kwesilinda), ukuma kwe-angular ngokushesha kwe-shaft drive ne-cam ring ngesikhathi sokuhlehla kunqunyiwe, ijubane lokuzungeza kwepompo lomjovo (uma kuqhathaniswa nezimpawu ezisuka ku-crankshaft inzwa) kanye nesimo sokushintshwa komjovo empompini kubalwa. I-valve ye-solenoid ibuye ilungise indawo yokushintshwa komjovo, ojikeleza iringi yekham yempompo ephezulu ngokufanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, imishayo eshayela ama-piston kungekudala izothintana neringi yekham, okuholela ekusheshiseni noma ekubambezelekeni ekuqaleni kokucindezelwa. I-valve changeover valve ingavulwa futhi ivalwe ngokuqhubekayo yiyunithi yokulawula. Inzwa ye-steering angle itholakala kwindandatho ejikeleza ngokuvumelanayo nendandatho yekhamela yepompo ephezulu. I-pulse generator itholakala ku-shaft yedrayivu yepompo. Amaphuzu amagebhugebhu ahambelana nenani lamasilinda asenjinini. Lapho i-camshaft ijikeleza, amasondo wokugudluka ahamba ngaphezulu kwendandatho yekham. Ama-piston afakwa ngaphakathi futhi acindezela uphethiloli ekucindezelweni okuphezulu. Ukuminyaniswa kukaphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kuqala ngemuva kokuvulwa kwe-valve ye-solenoid ngesiginali esivela kuyunithi yokulawula. Shaft yomsabalalisi idlulela endaweni engaphambi kwetholofu elicindezelweyo kusilinda ohambelana nalo. Uphethiloli ube usufakwa ngepayipi nge-valve yokuhlola impintsha uye ku-injector, oyifaka ku-cylinder. Umjovo uphela ngokuvalwa kwe-valve solenoid. Ivelufa ivala cishe ngemuva kokunqoba isikhungo esiphansi esifile samaphiston osasazo wepompo, ukuqala kokukhuphuka kwengcindezi kulawulwa yi-cam egqagqene engela (elawulwa yiswishi yomjovo). Ukujova kukaphethiloli kuthinteka ngejubane, umthwalo, izinga lokushisa lenjini kanye nengcindezi ye-ambient. Iyunithi yokulawula iphinde ihlole imininingwane kusuka kunzwa yesikhundla se-crankshaft kanye ne-drive shaft angle epompa. Iyunithi yokulawula isebenzisa inzwa ye-engeli ukuthola indawo ngqo yedrayivu shaft yepompo kanye nomshini wokujova.

1. - Iphampu ye-Vane extrusion ene-valve yokulawula ukucindezela.

2. – inzwa ye-engeli ejikelezayo

3. - isici sokulawula iphampu

4. - ipompo yengcindezi ephezulu ene-camshaft ne-drain valve.

5. - ukushintsha umjovo nge-valve yokushintsha

6. - i-valve ye-solenoid ephezulu yokucindezela

Impompo ye-Axial (VP30)

Uhlelo olufanayo lokulawula ngogesi lungasetshenziswa kupompo ye-rotary piston, efana nepompo yohlobo lweBosch VP 30-37, ebisetshenziswa ezimotweni zabagibeli kusukela ngo-1989. Epompo ye-VE axial flow fuel elawulwa ngumbusi we-eccentric mechanical. isilinganiso esisebenzayo sokuhamba nophethiloli sinquma ukuma kwesigwedlo segiya. Vele, izilungiselelo ezinembe kakhulu zitholakala ngekhompyutha. Isilawuli se-electromagnetic kwimpompo yomjovo yisilawuli semishini nezinhlelo zaso ezingeziwe. Iyunithi yokulawula inquma indawo yesilawuli se-electromagnetic kupompo yomjovo, kucatshangelwa amasiginali avela ezinzwa ezahlukahlukene eziqapha ukusebenza kwenjini.

Ekugcineni, izibonelo ezimbalwa zamaphampu ashiwo ezimotweni ezithile.

Ipompo likaphethiloli elijikelezayo elinenjini ye-axial piston VP30 isebenzisa isb. iFord Focus 1,8 TDDi 66 kW

VP37 isebenzisa injini engu-1,9 SDi ne-TDi (66 kW).

Rotary umjovo futha nge piston osabalalayo VP44 esetshenziswa ezimotweni:

I-Opel 2,0 DTI 16V, 2,2 DTI 16V

I-Audi A4 / A6 2,5 TDi

I-BMW 320d (100 kW)

Umklamo ofanayo yiphampu yomjovo ejikelezayo enama-Nippon-Denso radial pistons ku-Mazde DiTD (74 kW).