Amafutha Okwenziwa: Ingabe Kufanele Ushintshe Ukusuka Kwejwayelekile Uye Kokwenziwa?

Izinzuzo zamafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele ezinjini zezimoto.

Okuxakayo ukuthi abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bachitha izinkulungwane zamaRandi belungisa izimoto, belondoloza isici esishibhile kodwa esibaluleke kakhulu sokunakekela izimoto: ukushintsha uwoyela.

Abanikazi bezimoto base-U.S. abangaphezu kwesigamu basebenzisa uwoyela ojwayelekile noma owenziwe, ngokusho kochwepheshe bokulungiswa kwezimoto kwe-Consumer Report. Ngamanye amazwi, abanikazi bezimoto abangaphezu kuka-50% baphuthelwa yizinzuzo zamafutha okwenziwa aphelele: impilo ende yenjini, ukuguga okuncane ezingxenyeni zenjini, nezikhawu zesevisi ezinde, njengoba uwoyela wokwenziwa ngokuvamile udinga ukushintshwa kanye ngonyaka. Izinyanga eziyisi-6 esikhundleni sokuba kanye njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 kumafutha ajwayelekile.

Ngenxa yokuthi abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bayabathemba omakhenikha babo ukuthi bazoshintsha uwoyela, ngokuvamile abalubheki uhlobo lwamafutha abawafaka ezimotweni zabo. Abanikazi bezimoto abaningi bakhetha ukonga imali ngokukhetha uwoyela ovamile esikhundleni sikawoyela wokwenziwa wokushintsha uwoyela, ngokungazi babeka inkundla yokulungisa izimoto ezibizayo ezansi nomgwaqo, okuphumela ekwakhekeni kodaka. Nokho, lapho abanikazi bezimoto beqaphela ukubaluleka kwamafutha okwenziwa ezinjinini zabo, banquma ukushintshela kuwo ukuze baqinisekise impilo nempilo ende yenjini yemoto yabo.

Kungani uwoyela wokwenziwa ungcono kunamafutha avamile?

Amafutha okwenziwa akhiqizwa kuma-laboratories kusetshenziswa uwoyela ongahluziwe we-distilled kanye nezinto zokwenziwa, eziguqulwe ngamakhemikhali. Ngokusho kweCar and Driver, umkhiqizi ngamunye unefomula yakhe yokuphathelene enezithasiselo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza kwenjini ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Ngokusho kokubuyekezwa okuzimele kwe-The Drive, amabhrendi okwenziwa ahamba phambili, alinganiselwe ngokubonakala kwawo, amandla, kanye nokuthambisa, afaka i-Valvoline, i-Royal Purple, ne-Mobil 1. Nakuba zontathu izinhlobo zamafutha okwenziwa zinciphisa ukudiphozithi kwenjini futhi zandisa izikhawu zokushintsha uwoyela, uwoyela i-Mobil 1 ikleliswe kuqala ngezindawo zayo zokulwa nokugqoka emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye namakhaza aphezulu. Lo mkhiqizo ubuye udume ngemikhiqizo ewubukhazikhazi kanye nabashayeli bezimoto zomjaho abangochwepheshe ngenhlanganisela yokuhlanza nokusebenza kwezithasiselo ezithuthukisa ukusebenza.

I-Mobil 1 isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuvikela ukugqokwa okunelungelo lobunikazi obudlula izindinganiso ezibekwe abakhiqizi bezimoto abahamba phambili baseJapane, eYurophu naseMelika. Ifomula yabo ihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka ekugugekeni kwenjini, ukushisa okukhulu, ukubanda nezimo zokushayela ezinzima. Inhlanganisela yobunikazi bale nkampani ithembisa abanikazi bezimoto ukuthi izinjini zabo zizohlala zizintsha ngokugcoba izingxenye zenjini ngendlela ephumelelayo futhi zigcine ubuqotho bazo emazingeni okushisa angeqisayo angakwazi ukukhipha i-oxidize futhi abangele ukushuba kukawoyela, okwenza kube nzima ukupompa uwoyela. injini, ekugcineni yehlisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini ngokuyiqeda injini.

Iyini indima kawoyela enjinini?

Amafutha enjini agcoba, ahlanze futhi apholise izingxenye zenjini kuyilapho enciphisa ukuguga ezingxenyeni zenjini, okuvumela izinjini ukuthi zisebenze kahle emazingeni okushisa alawulwayo. Ngokushintsha uwoyela wakho ube uwoyela weqophelo eliphezulu ngezikhathi ezithile, unganciphisa isidingo sokulungisa esikhathini esizayo ngokunciphisa ukungqubuzana kwezingxenye zenjini. Amafutha enziwe nge-petroleum noma amakhemikhali okwenziwa (okungewona awe-petroleum), okungukuthi imixube evamile noma yokwenziwa kusetshenziswa ama-hydrocarbon, ama-olefin e-polyintrinsic nama-polyalphaolefin.

Amafutha akalwa nge-viscosity noma ukujiya kwawo. Amafutha kufanele abe mkhulu ngokwanele ukuze agcobe izingxenye, kodwa abe mncane ngokwanele ukuthi angadlula kumagalari naphakathi kwezikhala eziwumngcingo. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu - aphezulu noma aphansi - angathinta i-viscosity yamafutha, anciphise ukusebenza kwawo ngokushesha. Ngakho ukukhetha uwoyela ofanele imoto yakho kufana nokukhetha uhlobo lwegazi olufanele ukuze umpontshelwe - kungaba indaba yokuphila nokufa enjinini yakho.

Uma injini ihambisana nakho kokubili uwoyela wokwenziwa kanye namafutha avamile, khona-ke ukusebenzisa uwoyela ovamile cishe kuyicala elibhekene nemoto yakho, kusho u-Chief Mechanic Boddy T. Uwoyela wokwenziwa ungcono kakhulu kunowoyela ovamile, ngokokuhlola okuzimele kwe-AAA. ngoba inikeza izimoto ukuvikeleka kwenjini okungcono kakhulu, okuvumela izinjini zezimoto ukuthi zisebenze isikhathi eside, zenze kangcono esiminyaminyeni sezimoto, zidonsa imithwalo esindayo futhi zisebenze emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

Umlando wamafutha okwenziwa: nini futhi kungani wadalwa?

Uwoyela wokwenziwa wasungulwa ngo-1929, cishe ngemva kweminyaka engamashumi amathathu kwasungulwa izimoto ezihamba ngegesi. Kusukela ngawo-1930s, amafutha okwenziwa asetshenziswa kukho konke kusukela ezimotweni ezivamile kuya ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nezinjini zejethi. Ngokukamagazini i-Car and Driver Magazine, phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho amabutho Ahlangene evimbela ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela eJalimane lobuNazi, izwe elalivinjelwe lasebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa ukuze libese izimoto zamasosha aseJalimane. Ngawo-1970, inkinga yamandla aseMelika yaholela emizamweni yokwakha amafutha okwenziwa angcono ukuze kuthuthukiswe umnotho kaphethiloli. Namuhla, amafutha okwenziwa asetshenziswa ezimotweni ezisebenza kahle kakhulu nasezinjinini ezivamile njengoba abakhiqizi bezimoto belwela ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwamafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele namafutha avamile?

I-petroleum evamile noma uwoyela ovamile utholakala kuwoyela ongahluziwe noma kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi. Iqukethe ingxube yama-hydrocarbon, i-nitrogen, isulfure nomoya-mpilo. Izihlungi zishisisa uwoyela ongahluziwe ezingeni lokushisa elidingekayo ukuze uwenze uwoyela osebenzayo wokushintshwa kukawoyela.

Amafutha okwenziwa akhiwa ngezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengoba ethuthukiswa kusuka kumakhemikhali e-petrochemicals futhi adinga ukwakheka okunembayo kwamangqamuzana asusa ukungcola kuwoyela ongahluziwe futhi ama-molecule enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezinjini zesimanje.

Kungani uwoyela wokwenziwa ungcono emotweni yakho kunamafutha avamile?

Njengoba amafutha okwenziwa avamile nahlanganisiwe ehla, amandla awo okuvimbela ukugqokwa kwenjini avame ukuncipha. Uwoyela uvamise ukucosha imali njengoba ujikeleza futhi ugcoba izingxenye zenjini ezinkulungwaneni zemijikelezo okufanele ifakwe izingxenye zemoto ngomzuzu.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele, amafutha avamile agcina efakwe enjinini futhi ehlisa ukusebenza kahle kwenjini, eyinciphisa futhi afinyeze ukuphila kwayo. Cabanga ngodaka olukhiqizwa kancane kancane emafutheni ajwayelekile njenge-cholesterol engaphakathi emithanjeni, luthikameze kancane ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ekugcineni lubangele izinkinga zesistimu emzimbeni. Isizathu sokuthi izimoto eziningi zisebenzisa amafutha okwenziwa yingoba angcono ekusebenzeni, ukuqina kwenjini, izimo ezishisayo/ ezibandayo kanye nokudonsa kanzima.

Iwaphi amafutha okwenziwa imoto yami ewadingayo?

Izimoto ezintsha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zivame ukusebenzisa amafutha okwenziwa, kodwa kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi injini yakho izosebenza ngaluphi uhlobo lukawoyela, njengoba kunezinhlobo ezine zamafutha: avamile (noma avamile), amafutha okwenziwa, ahlanganisiwe, namafutha ahamba ibanga elide. .

Ama-synthetic blends ayinhlanganisela yamafutha ayisisekelo avamile kanye nama-synthetic ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuphezulu kunamafutha avamile kodwa awekho izinga eliphezulu njengamafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele. Abanye abashayeli bangase bafune ukushintshela emafutheni ahamba ngamamayela amaningi uma imoto yabo isihambe amakhilomitha angu-75,000 XNUMX noma ngaphezulu ukuze bagcine izinjini zabo zisebenza. Kubalulekile ukuhlola imanuwali yomnikazi wemoto yakho ngoba izinhlobo ezifanele zamafutha ziyehluka kuye ngokuthi kwenziwa, imodeli kanye nenjini yemoto yakho. Abanikazi bezimoto abafisa ukusuka kuwoyela ojwayelekile baye kokwenziwa kufanele baxhumane noomakhenikha babo futhi bafunde ulwazi abaludingayo ukuze benze ushintsho.

Ingabe kufanele ngiguqule imoto yami ibe uwoyela wokwenziwa?

Izimoto eziningi ezenziwe kule minyaka eyishumi edlule zisebenzisa uwoyela wokwenziwa. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuthi ubusebenzisa amafutha ajwayelekile impilo yonke yemoto yakho akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukushintshela kuwoyela wokwenziwa. Izinzuzo zokushintshela kuwoyela wokwenziwa zihlanganisa ukusebenza okungcono kanye nezikhawu ezinde zokushintsha uwoyela njengoba uwoyela wokwenziwa uguga kancane kunamafutha avamile noma avamile. Ngokusho kwe-AAA, ukusuka kuwoyela ojwayelekile uye kuwoyela wokwenziwa kuzobiza umnikazi wemoto ovamile cishe u-$64 ngaphezulu ngonyaka, noma u-$5.33 ngaphezulu ngenyanga, uma kulandelwa isimiso sokushintsha uwoyela esituswe efekthri.

Ukushintsha kusuka kuwoyela wokwenziwa uye kwejwayelekile

Nokho, i-caveat eyodwa. Uma unquma ukushintshela kuwoyela wokwenziwa, akunconywa ukuthi ubuyele emafutheni avamile, njengoba lokhu kungalimaza injini yakho. Futhi uma imoto yakho ingaklanyelwe kokubili uwoyela wokwenziwa nowejwayelekile, ukushintsha-ke kungadala izinkinga ngenjini yakho kuze kube yilapho iqala ukushisa uwoyela njengoba ingena egunjini lomlilo bese isha. Umakhenikha oqeqeshiwe uzokwazi ukukusiza wenze izinguquko uma kusiza imoto yakho.

Iluphi uhlobo lwamafutha okwenza uwoyela wokwenziwa wekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu?

I-Mobil 1 1 Synthetic Motor Oil 120764W-5 ingamafutha okwenziwa azinze kakhulu futhi aphakeme ngaphezu kwezindawo eziningi ze-oxidation kanye nokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa, ngokusho kochwepheshe be-The Drive and Car Bible, enikeza izimo zokusebenza ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezimweni ezishisayo nezibandayo. isimo. ukuvikelwa kwesimo sezulu. Uwoyela unikeza: isilawuli se-viscosity esihle kakhulu, ukwakheka kokwenziwa okuthuthuke ngokuphelele, i-oxidation nokuzinza kokushisa, kanye nezakhiwo ezithuthukisiwe zokungqubuzana. Yingakho abanikazi bezimoto ezisebenza kahle ngisho nabashayeli be-NASCAR bekhetha i-Mobil 30 yomjaho womjaho, kuphawula i-Car Bibles.

Amanani kawoyela okwenziwa kanye nowejwayelekile ngo-2020

Izinto eziyinhloko ezishayela abanikazi bezimoto ukuthi basebenzise uwoyela ojwayelekile inani kanye nokuntula ukufinyelela olwazini mayelana nenani likawoyela wekhwalithi. Umehluko omkhulu wentengo phakathi kwamafutha avamile nahlanganisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa namafutha okwenziwa ngokugcwele yintengo nefomula. Amafutha ahlanganisiwe futhi avamile ngokuvamile abiza ngaphansi kuka-$20 ngamalitha angu-5 futhi eza ngezinhlobonhlobo zezingxube ongakhetha kuzo. Ukwenziwa okugcwele kuyi-premium futhi ngokuvamile kubiza cishe u-$45, kanti ukuguqulwa kukawoyela okuvamile kufinyelela ku-$28. Kodwa-ke, uma kunikezwe ukuthi amafutha okwenziwa adinga ukuguqulwa kancane kancane, ungagcina ugcine imali ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba udinga izinguquko ezimbili zamafutha okwenziwa ngonyaka esikhundleni sezinguquko ezine ezivamile zamafutha.

Amakhuphoni okushintsha amafutha okwenziwa

Kubanikazi bezimoto abafuna amakhuphoni okushintsha amafutha okwenziwa, amaketanga amaningi okuthambisa anikeza amakhuphoni ezinhlobonhlobo zamafutha, okuhlanganisa namafutha okwenziwa. Inyanga ngayinye, amaketanga okuthambisa afana noJiffy, Walmart, Valvoline, kanye nePep Boys bakhipha amakhuphoni amaningi okushintsha kwamafutha okwenziwa, kanye nezinguquko zikawoyela ezihlanganisiwe nezivamile. Ungathola uhlu olubuyekeziwe lwamakhuphoni okushintsha uwoyela angcono kakhulu lapha, vele uqiniseke ukuthi ushayela isitolo kuqala ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi isigqebhezana sivumelekile. Kungase futhi kube ukuhlakanipha ukubiza kusengaphambili ukuze wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi i-OEM enconyiwe yamafutha iyasetshenziswa uma kushintsha uwoyela we-lubricant, ngoba amanye ama-lubricant akhulula ngokushesha agcina amafutha ambalwa esandleni.

Ngingaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi nginowoyela ongcono kakhulu wenjini yami?

Ngaphambi kokubhalisela ukushintsha uwoyela, ungathola amafutha adingwa yimoto yakho ku-AvtoTachki esikhathini esingaphansi komzuzu. Ukushintsha uwoyela weselula we-AvtoTachki kuqala ngesipho esisobala esizokukhombisa ukuthi hlobo luni lwamafutha ongalulindela enjinini yakho. Omakhenikha basebenzisa wona kanye uwoyela otuswe izincomo ze-OEM (akukho isiyengo noma ukushintsha, futhi awekho amafutha agaywe kabusha noma asetshenziswe kabusha), futhi amakhasimende athola ukuhlaziywa kwesimo semoto yawo ngokuhlolwa okungamaphuzu angu-50 okukhomba lokho abanikazi bezimoto okufanele bakuqaphele. . umugqa - ukusuka ekushintsheni kukawoyela ukuya kumabhuleki kanye nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuphepha kwenjini.