Umsindo ku-gearbox

Izimbangela umsindo ku-gearbox kuncike ohlotsheni lokudlulisela. Ngakho-ke, kuma-gearbox angama-mechanical, i-rumble ingavela, isibonelo, ngenxa yokugqoka ama-bearings, amagiya we-shaft, iziphethu emaphikweni, umehluko. Ngokuqondene nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ngokuvamile kuvame ukuduma ngenxa yamazinga aphansi kawoyela, izinkinga nge-torque converter kanye namaphiko e-lever.

Ukuqeda umsindo endaweni yebhokisi, kufanele uqale uhlole izinga likawoyela kulo. Uma iphansi, kuzomele uyingeze noma uyishintshe. Njengesixazululo sesikhashana, isengezo ebhokisini lomsindo ngezinye izikhathi sisetshenziswa (ngeke sisuse ngokuphelele, kodwa okungenani sinciphise umsindo wokusebenza). Ukuze kuqedwe ngempumelelo i-hum, ibhokisi kufanele lihlakazwe, lihlolwe futhi lilungiswe ngokugcwele. Funda ngazo zonke izimbangela zomsindo ku-gearbox esihlokweni, futhi ukuze uthole isifinyezo sokuthi kungani izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsindo zivela ku-gearbox, bheka itafula.

Izimo lapho u-gearbox unomsindo	Izimbangela ezingenzeka zomsindo
Ukudluliswa kwemishini
Ukubhuza ngesivinini (uma ushayela)	ukugqokwa kwama-bearings we-primary kanye / noma i-shafts yesibili; ukugqoka izixhumi ze-synchronizer; awenele amafutha ku-gearbox, noma ingcolile/endala.
Ngokungenzi lutho	ukugqoka kwe-input shaft; awenele amafutha ku-gearbox
I-Overclocking	ukuguga kwe-output shaft bearings.
Lapho ukhulula i-clutch	ukugqoka kwama-bearings we-shaft yesibili;
ngegiya elithile	ukugqokwa kwegiya elihambisanayo ku-gearbox; ukugqokwa kwe-clutch ye-synchronizer yegiya elihambisanayo.
Ngamagiya aphansi (okokuqala, okwesibili)	ukuguga kwe-input shaft bearings; ukugqokwa kwegiya eliphansi; ukugqoka i-clutch ye-synchronizer yegiya eliphansi.
Amagiya aphezulu (4 noma 5)	ukugqoka kwama-bearings we-shaft yesibili; ukugqokwa kwegiya; ukugqokwa kwama-clutch e-synchronizer aphezulu.
Emakhazeni	amafutha aminyene kakhulu agcwaliswa ekudluliseni; amafutha egiya madala noma angcolile.
Ngegiya elingathathi hlangothi	ukugqoka kwe-input shaft; izinga eliphansi likawoyela ku-gearbox.
Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo
Uma ushayela ngesivinini	izinga eliphansi le-ATF fluid; ukwehluleka kwama-bearings we-primary kanye / noma i-shafts yesibili; ukwehluleka kwe-torque converter (izingxenye zayo ngazinye).
Emakhazeni	kusetshenziswe amafutha e-viscous kakhulu.
Ayisebenzi	izinga eliphansi lamafutha; ukugqoka kwe-input shaft; ukuphuka kwezingxenye ze-torque converter.
I-Overclocking	ukugqoka kwama-bearings okushayela noma ukushayela.
ngegiya elithile	ukugqokwa kwegiya lokudlulisela; ukwehluleka kwamapheya ahambisanayo okungqubuzana kusiguquli se-torque.
Ngejubane eliphansi (kufika ku-40…60 km/h)	ukwehluleka okuyingxenye kwesiguquli se-torque (izingxenye zayo).

Kungani kunomsindo u-gearbox

Ngokuvamile, umsindo ku-gearbox, kokubili owenziwe ngesandla no-othomathikhi, uvela nini izinga likawoyela lehlile noma i-lubricant yegiya ayisasebenzi. Imvelo yomsindo ifana ne-metallic clang, eqina njengoba isivinini semoto sikhula. Ngakho-ke, umsindo ku-gearbox enezinga eliphansi likawoyela uvela:

I-ATF dipstick

• lapho imoto ihamba ngesivinini (ijubane eliphezulu, umsindo ozwakalayo);
• ngesivinini esingenzi lutho senjini evuthayo yangaphakathi;
• ngesikhathi sokusheshisa (kukhona ukwanda kancane kancane kwevolumu ye-hum);
• ngegiya elingathathi hlangothi;
• lapho injini ibanda.

Isizathu sokuduma ku-gearbox uma injini evuthayo yangaphakathi igijima emakhazeni ingavaleka ebukhulu bamafutha egiya kanye nokungcola kwayo.

Isizathu esijwayelekile esilandelayo sokuthi kungani i-gearbox ikhala ukuhluleka kwengxenye yama-bearings ama-shafts ayisisekelo noma esibili. Kulokhu, umsindo uzofana ne-metallic hum. Amabhodi we-shaft ayisisekelo (okushayela). izoduma ezimweni ezilandelayo:

• ngokushesha ngemva kokuqala injini yomlilo yangaphakathi endaweni ebandayo;
• lapho injini yomlilo yangaphakathi isebenza ngesivinini esiphansi (okokuqala, okwesibili, i-hum iyancipha);
• lapho ushayela imoto ogwini;
• lapho injini isebenza ngesivinini esikhulu.

Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka kwama-bearings we-shaft yesibili (eqhutshwa). ibhokisi hum lizobonwa:

Ukuthwala shaft okokufaka gearbox Vaz-2110

• lapho ushayela imoto nganoma yiziphi izindlela;
• ngokunyakaza, noma kunjalo, lapho i-clutch icindezelekile, i-hum iyanyamalala;
• i-hum esebhokisini iyanda njengoba igiya nesivinini kukhula (okungukuthi, i-hum incane kakhulu egiyeni lokuqala, futhi inomsindo kakhulu ngeyesihlanu).

Ngokuguga okuphawulekayo kwamagiya noma ama-synchronizer, kungase kuvele isimo lapho i-gearbox ikhala. Umsindo ngesikhathi esifanayo ufana ne-metallic clang, eqina njengoba isivinini senjini sikhula. ngokuvamile, i-hum ivela egiyeni elithile. Lokhu kudala izinkinga ezengeziwe:

• amagiya anzima ukuvula ugesi oshintshwayo;
• ekunyakazeni, isivinini esifakiwe singase "sindize siphume", okungukuthi, isikhethi segiya sisethwe endaweni engathathi hlangothi.

Ngokuqondene nama-othomathikhi, i-hum yawo ingenzeka futhi ngenxa yokugqoka okuthwala, amazinga aphansi kawoyela, ukugqokwa kwegiya. Kodwa-ke, ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo, i-hum ingenzeka futhi uma ihluleka:

• amapheya okungqubuzana;
• izingxenye zomuntu ngamunye ze-torque converter.

Ungaba yini umsindo ku-gearbox

Umsindo ovela ebhokisini ungazwakala ngemvelo ehlukile, kuye ngokuthi umonakalo, awusebenzi nje kuphela ngomsindo owandayo, kodwa futhi ukukhala noma ukukhala. Ake sichaze kafushane izizathu zokuthi kungani amanodi angenhla aholela ekutheni u-gearbox ukhale futhi ukhale. ukuze uqonde ukuthi yini okufanele uyenze ngayo nokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani inkinga.

U-gearbox okhalayo

Isizathu esivame kakhulu somsindo ku-gearbox ofana nokukhala indala, engcolile noma ekhethwe ngendlela engafanele. uwoyela wokudlulisa. Uma izinga layo linganele, khona-ke ngenxa yalokhu, ama-bearings nezinye izingxenye ezihambayo zebhokisi zizokoma, zenze umsindo obalulekile. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokukhululekile lapho ushayela, kodwa futhi kuyingozi ezingxenyeni. Ngakho-ke, kuhlale kudingekile ukulawula izinga lamafutha ku-gearbox kanye ne-viscosity yayo.

Isizathu sesibili esenza ukuthi ugearbox ukhale ekugqokeni kwama-bearings ayo. Bangakwazi ukukhala ngenxa yokuguga kwemvelo, izinga eliphansi, inani elincane lokuthambisa kuzo, noma ukungcola okungene ngaphakathi.

Uma ibhokisi linomsindo ngokungenzi lutho kukhishwe i-clutch, ifakwe egiyeni elingathathi hlangothi nalapho imoto imile, khona-ke kungenzeka ukuthi i-bearing ku-shaft yokufaka inomsindo. Uma ibhokisi liduma kakhulu ngegiya lokuqala noma lesibili, ke umthwalo osindayo uya kuma-bearings angaphambili. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuxilonga i-input shaft bearing.

Ngokufanayo, i-input shaft bear ingabanga umsindo lapho imoto isogwini noma ngemva nje kokuqalisa injini evuthayo yangaphakathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngasiphi isivinini. Ngokuvamile umsindo uyanyamalala kuleli cala lapho i-clutch icindezelekile. Isizathu salokhu ukuthi lapho i-clutch icindezelekile, okuyinhloko ayiguquki, ukuthwala nakho akuguquki, futhi ngokufanele, akwenzi umsindo.

Igiya le-gearbox eligqokiwe

Uma ibhokisi linomsindo ngegiya lesi-4 noma lesi-5, khona-ke kulokhu umthwalo osindayo uya kuma-bearings angemuva, okungukuthi, i-shaft yesibili. Lawa ma-bearings angenza futhi umsindo hhayi kuphela kumagiya aphezulu, kodwa futhi kunoma yikuphi, kuhlanganise ne-reverse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-hum iqinisa kulokhu ngokukhuphuka kwamagiya (ku-hum yesihlanu kuyoba esiphezulu).

Ukugqokwa kwegiya — Lesi yisizathu sesithathu esenza ibhokisi likhale. Umsindo onjalo uvela ezimweni ezimbili: ukushelela kwamazinyo kanye nesiqephu sokuxhumana esingalungile phakathi kwawo. Lo msindo uhlukile nomsindo, ufana ne-metallic screech. Lokhu squeal kwenzeka futhi ngaphansi komthwalo noma ngesikhathi sokusheshisa.

Ngokuvamile imbangela yomsindo kuba igiya uma kwenzeka umsindo uvela kunoma yiliphi igiya elithile. U-gearbox ubanga umsindo uma ushayela ngesivinini ngenxa yokugqokwa kwegiya elihambisana nalo ku-shaft yesibili. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kuma-gearbox ane-mileage ephezulu (kusuka kumakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-300 noma ngaphezulu) ngenxa yokukhiqizwa okubalulekile kwensimbi kanye / noma izinga eliphansi likawoyela ebhokisini.

Umshini webhokisi lokukhala

Kumshini ozenzakalelayo, "umlandu" wokukhala kungaba isiningi. Leli findo libizwa nge-colloquially ngokuthi "idonathi" ngenxa yokuma kwalo ngokulandelana. Isiguquli se-torque siyaduma lapho ushintsha amagiya nangesivinini esiphansi. Njengoba ijubane lokushayela landa, umsindo uyanyamalala (ngemuva kwe-60 km/h). Izimpawu ezengeziwe futhi zibonisa ukuhlukana kwe "donut":

• ukushibilika kwemoto ekuqaleni;
• ukudlidliza kwemoto lapho ushayela;
• i-jerks yemoto ngesikhathi sokunyakaza okufanayo;
• ukubonakala kwephunga elishisayo elivela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo;
• ukuguquguquka akukhuphuki ngaphezu kwamanani athile (isibonelo, ngaphezulu kuka-2000 rpm).

Ngokulandelayo, ukuwohloka kwesiguquli se-torque kuvela ngenxa yezizathu ezilandelayo:

Isiguquli se-torque esinokudlulisa okuzenzakalelayo

• ukugqokwa kwamadiski okungqubuzana ngamanye, imvamisa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwamapheya awo;
• ukugqoka noma ukulimaza ama-blade blade;
• ukucindezeleka ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwezimpawu;
• ukuguga kwama-bearings aphakathi nendawo (imvamisa phakathi kwepompo ne-turbine);
• ukuwohloka kokuxhumeka komshini nge-shaft yebhokisi;
• ukuhluleka kwe-clutch.

Ungakwazi ukuzihlolela ngokwakho isiguquli se-torque, ngaphandle kokusidiliza emshinini ozenzakalelayo. Kodwa kungcono ukuthi ungenzi ukulungisa ngokwakho, kodwa kunalokho unikeze ukuxilongwa nokubuyiselwa kwe "donut" kubadwebi abaqeqeshiwe.

I-gearbox iyakhala

Ukugqokwa kwe-clutch ye-synchronizer imbangela eyisisekelo yokuduma kwebhokisi ngesivinini. Kulokhu, kuzoba nzima ukuvula noma yiliphi igiya, futhi ngokuvamile ngesikhathi esifanayo ibhokisi liyaduma kuleli giya elithile. Uma ukuguga kubalulekile, ukudluliselwa kungase "kundize kuphume" lapho imoto ihamba. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa, udinga ukunaka isimo sokuxhuma kwe-spline kwama-couplings!

Uma ama-spring ku-clutch ephelelwa amandla noma ephuka, lokhu kungabangela nomsindo ku-gearbox. Ngokufanayo, lokhu kwenzeka egiyeni elithile, lapho iziphethu ziba buthaka noma ziphukile.

U-gearbox onomsindo

U-gearbox wemoto edonsa ngamasondo angaphambili uqukethe umehluko, esabalalisa i-torque phakathi kwamasondo okushayela. Amagiya ayo nawo ayaguga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ngenxa yalokho aqala ukwenza umsindo we-metallic. Imvamisa ibonakala kahle, futhi abashayeli abayiboni. Kodwa izibonakalisa kakhulu uma imoto isishibilika. Kulokhu, amasondo okushayela azungeza ngokungalingani, kodwa nge-torque enkulu. Lokhu kubeka umthwalo obalulekile ekuhlukaniseni, futhi kuzohluleka ngokushesha.

Ungahlola ngokungaqondile ukuguga komehluko ngophawu lapho imoto iqala ukunyakaza ngemva kokusuka (igingqika emuva naphambili). Uma singabaleli ukuthi injini evuthayo yangaphakathi inecala kulokhu, kufanele uhlole isimo sokuhluka ku-gearbox.

Kwenzeka ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqiniswa okufakwe ku-gearbox kuyancipha. Ngenxa yalokho, iqala ukudlidliza ngesikhathi sokusebenza. I-Vibration, ephenduka umsindo oqhubekayo, ibonakala uma imoto ihamba futhi ishubile njengoba ijubane lenjini likhuphuka futhi ijubane lemoto yonke liyakhuphuka. Ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa, imoto kufanele ishayelwe emgodini wokuhlola ukuze ikwazi ukufinyelela ku-gearbox. Uma ama-fasteners ekhululekile ngempela, kudingeka aqiniswe.

Izithasiselo zebhokisi lomsindo

Izithasiselo zokunciphisa umsindo wokudlulisa zivumela ukunciphisa ukuduma emsebenzini wayo isikhathi esithile. Kulokhu, imbangela ye-hum ngeke iqedwe. Ngakho-ke, izithasiselo kufanele zisetshenziselwe kuphela izinjongo zokuvimbela noma ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ngaphambi kokuthengisa imoto ukuze uyiqede ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezithasiselo zifanelekile ezinkingeni ezahlukene, ngakho-ke lapho ukhetha kubalulekile ukucacisa kahle ukuthi yini ebhuza ebhokisini. Imibhobho ethandwa kakhulu yokunciphisa umsindo ekudluliseni ngomshini yile:

• Isengezo sikawoyela wegiya i-Liqui Moly. Yakha ifilimu evikelayo ebusweni bezingxenye ngenxa ye-molybdenum disulfide, futhi igcwalisa ama-microcracks. Inciphisa kahle umsindo ku-transmission manual, inweba impilo yokudlulisela.
• I-RVS Master TR3 kanye ne-TR5 yakhelwe ukuqeda ukushisa okufanelekile uma iyunithi ishisa kakhulu. Okuphinde kusize ukwehlisa umsindo ebhokisini.
• I-HADO 1Isiteji. Lesi sengezo singasetshenziswa kunoma yikuphi ukuthunyelwa - ngomshini, othomathikhi kanye namarobhothi. Iqukethe i-boron nitride. Isusa umsindo nokudlidliza ku-gearbox. Ikuvumela ukuthi ufinyelele ku-workshop uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa okubucayi kwamafutha ku-gearbox.

Kukhona izithasiselo ezifanayo kuma-othomathikhi. Izibonelo zokuthumela okuzenzakalelayo yilezi:

• I-Liqui Moly ATF Additive. Isengezo esiyinkimbinkimbi. Isusa umsindo nokudlidliza, iqeda ukushaqeka lapho ushintsha amagiya, ibuyisela izingxenye zenjoloba nepulasitiki zokudlulisela. Ingasetshenziswa ne-ATF Dexron II kanye ne-ATF Dexron III fluids.
• Ukwakheka kwe-Tribotechnical Suprotec. Ingasetshenziswa nama-automatic transmissions nama-CVTs. Isengezo siyabuyisela esimweni, okuhlanganisa ukususa ukudlidliza nomsindo kuma-automatic transmissions.
• I-XADO Revitalizant EX120. Lokhu kuvuselela ukubuyiselwa kwezinto ezishintshayo kanye nowoyela odluliswayo. Iqeda ukushaqeka lapho ushintsha amagiya, iqeda ukudlidliza nomsindo.

Imakethe yokwengeza ihlale igcwaliswa ngokwakhiwa okusha ukuze kuthathelwe indawo endala. Ngakho-ke, izinhlu kuleli cala zisekude nokuphelela.

isiphetho

Ngokuvamile, ukudluliswa kwezandla kunomsindo ngenxa yezinga eliphansi likawoyela kuwo, noma akufanelekile i-viscosity noma indala. Okwesibili i-bearing wear. Kancane kancane - ukugqokwa kwamagiya, ama-couplings. Ngokuqondene nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ngokufanayo, ngokuvamile imbangela ye-hum yizinga eliphansi lamafutha, ukuguga kwamagiya nama-bearings, nokungasebenzi kahle kwezakhi zesistimu ye-hydraulic. Ngakho-ke, into yokuqala okufanele yenziwe lapho ukukhala noma umsindo wemvelo ehlukile kubonakala ukuhlola izinga lamafutha, bese ubheka isimo, ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo ezibonakala, ukuthi umsindo ungakanani, njalonjalo.

Yiba noma kunjalo, akunconywa ukusebenzisa noma yikuphi ukudlulisa okwenza i-hum noma okubonisa ezinye izimpawu zokuhluleka. Kulokhu, ibhokisi libuye liguge kakhulu futhi kuzobiza ngaphezulu ukulilungisa. Isizathu esiqondile singatholakala kuphela lapho kuhlakazwa futhi kuxazululwa inkinga.