I-Test drive iToyota Prius vs diesel VW Passat

Injini kadizili ibhekene nesikhathi esinzima, kepha ingabe ama-hybrids azokwazi ukusizakala ngalesi simo futhi ekugcineni asithathe? Sisebenzise isivivinyo esilula kakhulu senzuzo

Konke lokhu kwaqala ngeDieselgate - kungemuva kwakhe lapho babheka khona ngokuhlukile izinjini ezisebenzisa uphethiloli osindayo. Namuhla, ngisho naseYurophu, ikusasa likadizili liyabatshazwa. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen oxide ekuqedeni izinjini ezinjalo, futhi okwesibili, ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zentuthuko yazo. Ukuhambisana namazinga ezemvelo e-Euro-6, kwethulwa amasistimu ayinkimbinkimbi wokuhlanza ama-crankcase gases ane-urea, okwenyusa intengo ngokungathi sína.

Kodwa eRussia konke kuhlukile. Izinkinga zezemvelo, maye, azisikhathazi kangako, futhi ngenxa yokwenyuka kwamanani kaphethiloli njalo, izinjini zikadizili ezisetshenziswa kancane, ziqala ukubonakala ziheha ngokwengeziwe. AmaHybrids manje angaziqhayisa ngokusebenza kahle kukaphethiloli, okuthi, ngemuva kwesizinda senjini kadizili, kubonakale kungenangozi nakakhulu. Sithathe isinqumo sokukuvivinya lokhu ngokuqhathanisa iToyota Prius eyi-hybrid neVolkswagen Passat 2,0 TDI.

I-Prius iyi-hybrid yokuqala yokukhiqiza emhlabeni futhi ibilokhu ikhiqizwa kusukela ngo-1997. Futhi isizukulwane samanje sesivele sesithathu ngokulandelana. Kwezinye izimakethe, i-Prius inikezwa ngezinhlobo eziningana, kufaka phakathi inguquko ye-plug-in, lapho ibhethri elisesigodini lingakhokhiswa hhayi kuphela kuhlelo lwe-generator nolokululama, kodwa futhi nakuma-mains angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, emakethe yethu ukuguqulwa okuyisisekelo kuphela ngohlelo lokuvala amandla ebhodini kuyatholakala.

Eqinisweni, umshini onjalo awuhlukile ngokwesakhiwo ku-Prius wokuqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Imoto iqhutshwa yisikhungo samandla se-hybrid esihlelwe "nge-parallel circuit". Injini enkulu iyinjini kaphethiloli ene-1,8 litre efiselekayo, okuthi, ukuze isebenze kahle kakhulu, nayo idluliselwe ekusebenzeni kumjikelezo we-Atkinson. Isizwa nge-generator yemoto kagesi ehlanganiswe nokuhanjiswa okuzenzakalelayo futhi inikwa amandla iphakethe lebhethri le-lithium-ion lokuzikhethela. Ibhethri likhokhiswa kokubili kusuka ku-generator nakuhlelo lokululama, eliguqula amandla ka-braking abe ugesi.

Ngayinye yezinjini ze-Prius ingasebenza zombili ngokwayo futhi ngokuhlangana. Isibonelo, ngejubane eliphansi (lapho uhamba egcekeni noma endaweni yokupaka), imoto ingahamba kuphela ku-traction kagesi, ekuvumela ukuthi ungasebenzisi nhlobo uphethiloli. Uma kungekho mali eyanele ebhethri, injini kaphethiloli iyakhanya, bese imoto kagesi iqala ukusebenza njenge-generator bese ishaja ibhethri.

Lapho ukudonsa namandla okuphezulu kuyadingeka ekushayeleni okunamandla, zombili izinjini zivulwa ngasikhathi sinye. Ngendlela, ukushesha kukaPrius akukubi kangako - kushintshana nge-100 km / h ngemizuzwana engu-10,5. Ngesitshalo samandla esiphelele esingu-136 hp. lokhu kuyinkomba ehloniphekile. ERussia, i-STS ikhombisa kuphela amandla wenjini kaphethiloli - 98 hp, enenzuzo enkulu. Ungonga hhayi kuphethiloli kuphela, kodwa nakwintela yezokuthutha.

IVolkswagen Passat ngemuva kwesizinda se-Prius esigcwaliswe ngokugcwaliswa kwezobuchwepheshe - ubulula obungcwele. Ngaphansi kwesigqoko sayo kukhona i-inline yomugqa wamalitha amabili ephendulwa ngebuya elingu-150 hp, ehambisana ne "robot" yejubane eyisithupha ye-DSG ne-clutch emanzi.

Kumathoyizi ezobuchwepheshe akuvumela ukuthi wonge uphethiloli, mhlawumbe kunohlelo lwamandla we-Common Rail ne-Start / Stop, lona uqobo olucisha injini lapho lume phambi kwamarobhothi bese luziqalela lona ngokuzenzekelayo.

Kepha lokhu kwanele ukuhlinzeka i- "Passat" ngokusebenza kahle okukhulu. Ngokusho kwepasipoti, ukusetshenziswa kwayo emjikelezweni ohlangene akudluli ku-4,3 litres “ngekhulu” ngalinye. Lokhu kungu-0,6 litres kuphela ngaphezu kwe-Prius ngakho konke ukugcwaliswa nokuklanywa okuyinkimbinkimbi. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi i-14 hp Passat enamandla amakhulu kuno-Prius namasekhondi angu-1,5 ngokushesha ekusheshiseni kuya "kwikhulu".

Ukuqala nokuphela kwe-eco-rally ye-impromptu enobude obucishe bube yi-100 km kwamukelwe ukufaka uphethiloli, ukuze kuthi ekugcineni komzila sibe nethuba lokuthola idatha yokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli hhayi kuphela kumakhompyutha asebhodini, kepha futhi ngokulinganisa ngendlela yokugcwalisa kabusha egalaji likaphethiloli.

Ngemuva kokufaka uphethiloli ezimotweni ku-Obruchev Street kuya ethangini eligcwele, sahamba saya ku-Profsoyuznaya Street sayidlulela esifundeni. Sibe sesisusa umgwaqo omkhulu waseKaluzhskoe sangena emgwaqeni ongu-A-107, osabizwa nge- "betonka".

Ngokuqhubeka no-A-107 sahamba saze sahlangana ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo onguthelawayeka eKiev sabheka ngaseMoscow. Singene edolobheni sigudla iKievka sabe sesigudla noLeninsky kwaze kwaba yilapho ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo no-Obruchev Street. Sabuyela e-Obruchev, sawuqedela umzila

Ngokwecebo lokuqala, cishe u-25% womzila wethu bekufanele ugijime emigwaqeni yedolobha ngethrafikhi eningi nasesiminyaneni sezimoto, no-75% - emigwaqweni emikhulu yezwe. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, konke kwahluka.

Ngemuva kokufaka uphethiloli nokufaka idatha kumakhompyutha asezikhungweni zombili zalezi zimoto, bashibilika kalula kuMgwaqo uProfsoyuznaya babalekela esifundeni. Kwabe sekukhona isigaba eceleni komgwaqo omkhulu weKaluga nokugcinwa kwesivinini sokuhamba ngezinyawo ezingeni lika-90-100 km / h. Kuyo, ikhompyutha yendiza yePassat yaqala ukubonisa idatha eduze ngangokunokwenzeka kwimininingwane yepasipoti. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli kukaPrius kwaqala ukukhuphuka, njengoba injini yakhe kaphethiloli yayibhula sonke lesi sigaba ngaphandle kwekhefu ezingeni eliphakeme.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuya ku- "betonka" singene esiminyaminyeni sezimoto ngenxa yomsebenzi wokulungisa. U-Prius ungene ezintweni zawo zomdabu futhi cishe yonke ingxenye yomzila ikhase kudoti kagesi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi iPassat yaqala ukulahlekelwa yinzuzo eyayizuze yona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, besinokungabaza ngokusebenza kohlelo lwe-Start / Stop kulezi zindlela zokushayela. Noma kunjalo, ikuvumela ukuthi wonge kakhulu lapho umisa phambi kwamarobhothi, nasendaweni enesiminyaminya esiminyaminyeni, lapho injini ivulwa icishe cishe yonke imizuzwana engu-5-10, ilayisha kuphela ukuqala kwayo futhi inyuse ukusetshenziswa kusuka ukuthungela okuqala njalo emakamelweni omlilo.

Maphakathi nesigaba esiku-A-107, senze ukuma okuhleliwe futhi asishintshanga abashayeli kuphela, kodwa nezikhundla zezimoto. UPrius manje usethe ijubane ekuqaleni kwekholomu, kwathi iPassat yalandela.

Umgwaqo omkhulu waseKievskoe waphenduka mahhala, kanti iVolkswagen yaqala ukwenza inzuzo elahlekile, kepha lesi sigaba besinganele. Lapho sesingene edolobheni, saphinde sazithola siminyana isiminyaminya eLeninsky futhi sahamba ngale ndlela ku-Obruchev Street saze safika ekugcineni komzila.

Emgqeni wokugcina, sithole iphutha elincane ekufundweni kwe-odometer. IToyota ikhombise ubude bomzila obungu-92,8 km, kanti iVolkswagen ithole u-93,8 km. Isilinganiso sokusetshenziswa ngamakhilomitha ayi-100, ngokusho kwamakhompyutha asebhodini, bekungamalitha angu-3,7 nge-hybrid kuthi amalitha ama-5 enjini kadizili. Ukwenza kabusha kunikeze amanani alandelayo. Amalitha angu-3,62 angena ethangini le-Prius, kanye namalitha angu-4,61 ethangini lePassat.

I-hybrid yehlule idizili ku-eco-rally yethu, kepha ukuhola bekungeyona enkulu kakhulu. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi iPassat inkulu, inzima futhi inamandla kakhulu kune-Prius. Kepha lokhu akuyona into eyinhloko futhi.

Kuyafaneleka ukubheka uhlu lwamanani alezi zimoto ukwenza isiphetho sokugcina. Ngenani lokuqala lama- $ 24. Ukudlula cishe u- $ 287. eshibhile kunoPrius. Futhi noma ngabe upakisha i- "German" ngezinketho kuzinhlamvu zamehlo, isazoshibha ngo- $ 4 - $ 678. Ku-Prius, ngenkathi kulondolozwa u-1 litre kaphethiloli kuwo wonke ama-299 km, kuzokwazi ukukala umehluko wentengo ngePassat kuphela ngemuva kwamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-1 - 949.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi ukunqoba kweJapan akunanzuzo. Vele, ubuchwepheshe be-hybrid kudala bukhombisa ukubaluleka kwabo kuwo wonke umuntu, kepha kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthi kungcwatshwe injini kadizili.

I-Toyota Prius	I-Volkswagen Passat
Uhlobo lomzimba	I-Liftback	Isiteshi senqola
Ubukhulu (ubude / ububanzi / ukuphakama), mm	4540/1760/1470	4767/1832/1477
Wheelbase mm	2700	2791
Ukuvunyelwa komhlaba	145	130
Isisindo se-Curb	1450	1541
uhlobo lwenjini	I-Benz., R4 + el. mot.	Udizili, R4, turbo
Ukusebenza ivolumu, cubic metres cm	1798	1968
Amandla, hp nge. ngo-rpm	98/5200	150 / 3500-4000
UMax. kupholile. mzuzu, Nm ku-rpm	142/3600	340 / 1750-3000
Transmission, ukushayela	Ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, ngaphambili	RKP-6, ngaphambili
Maksim. isivinini, km / h	180	216
Ukushesha ukuya ku-100 km / h, s	10,5	8,9
Ukusetshenziswa kwephethiloli, l	3,1/2,6/3,0	5,5/4,3/4,7
IVolumu yetrunk, l	255/1010	650/1780
Intengo kusuka, $.	28 978	24 287