I-cipher nenkemba

Njengoba kunjalo ngezindaba eziningi eziphathelene nesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje, abezindaba nezingxoxo ezihlukahlukene zigqamisa ngenkuthalo izici ezingezinhle zokuthuthukiswa kwe-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa I-inthanethi Yezinto, njengokuhlasela kwemfihlo. Okwamanje, siyancipha futhi siyancipha. Ngenxa yokwanda kobuchwepheshe obufanele, sinamathuluzi okuvikela ubumfihlo abasebenzisi benethiwekhi abangakaze baphuphe ngabo.

Ukuhamba nge-inthanethi, njengokuhamba ngocingo, sekunesikhathi eside kubanjwa izinkonzo nezigebengu ezihlukahlukene. Akukho okusha kulokhu. Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi ungawenza nzima kakhulu umsebenzi "wabantu ababi" ngokubhala ngekhodi ukuxhumana kwakho. Umehluko phakathi kokudala nokwamanje ukuthi ukubethela namuhla kulula kakhulu futhi kufinyeleleka kalula nakubantu abancane kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.

Isiginali isethwe ku-smartphone

Okwamanje, sinamathuluzi afana nesicelo sefoni esinawo. isinaliokukuvumela ukuthi uxoxe futhi uthumele imilayezo ye-SMS ngendlela evikelekile nebethelwe. Akekho ngaphandle komamukeli ozokwazi ukuqonda incazelo yekholi yezwi noma umlayezo wombhalo. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iSignal isebenziseka kalula futhi ingasetshenziswa kuwo womabili amadivayisi we-iPhone ne-Android. kukhona isicelo esifanayo Isigqila.

Izindlela ezifana i-VPN noma I-Torokusivumela ukuthi sifihle umsebenzi wethu ku-inthanethi. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezenza kube lula ukusebenzisa lawa macebo angathatha isikhathi eside ukulanda, ngisho nakumadivayisi eselula.

Okuqukethwe kwe-imeyili kungavikelwa ngempumelelo kusetshenziswa ukubethela noma ngokushintshela kusevisi ye-imeyili njenge I-ProtonMail, Hushmail noma Tutanota. Okuqukethwe kwebhokisi lemeyili kubethelwe ngendlela yokuthi ababhali bangakwazi ukudlulisa okhiye bokukhipha ukubethela. Uma usebenzisa amabhokisi okungenayo e-Gmail ajwayelekile, ungakwazi ukubethela okuqukethwe okuthunyelwe usebenzisa isandiso se-Chrome esibizwa Vikela i-Gmail.

Singagwema ukuzingela ama-tracker ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi omphakathi i.e. izinhlelo ezifana ungangilandeleli, I-AdNauseam, I-TrackMeNot, I-Ghostery njll. Ake sihlole ukuthi uhlelo olunjalo lusebenza kanjani sisebenzisa isandiso sesiphequluli se-Ghostery njengesibonelo. Ivimbela umsebenzi wazo zonke izinhlobo zezengezo, imibhalo elandelela umsebenzi wethu, nama-plugin avumela ukusetshenziswa kwamanethiwekhi omphakathi noma amazwana (ababizwa ngokuthi abalandeleli). Ngakho-ke, ngemva kokuvula i-Ghostery nokukhetha inketho yokuvimba zonke izengezo kusizindalwazi, ngeke sisabona imibhalo yenethiwekhi yesikhangiso, i-Google Analytics, izinkinobho ze-Twitter, i-Facebook, nezinye eziningi.

Okhiye etafuleni

Sekuvele kunezinhlelo eziningi ze-cryptographic ezinikeza lokhu kungenzeka. Zisetshenziswa yizinkampani, amabhange kanye nabantu. Ake sibheke ethandwa kakhulu kubo.

OF () yathuthukiswa ngeminyaka yama-70s kwa-IBM njengengxenye yomncintiswano wokudala i-cryptosystem esebenzayo kahulumeni wase-US. I-algorithm ye-DES isuselwe kukhiye oyimfihlo ongu-56-bit osetshenziselwa ukubhala amabhulokhi wedatha angama-64-bit. Ukusebenza kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana noma ezimbalwa, lapho umbhalo womlayezo uguqulwa ngokuphindaphindiwe. Njenganoma iyiphi indlela ye-cryptographic esebenzisa ukhiye oyimfihlo, ukhiye kufanele waziwe yibo bobabili umthumeli nomamukeli. Njengoba umlayezo ngamunye ukhethwa ngokungahleliwe phakathi kwemilayezo engaba khona engama-quadrillion angu-72, imilayezo ebethelwe nge-algorithm ye-DES ibhekwe njengengenakugqashuka isikhathi eside.

Esinye isixazululo esaziwa kakhulu I-AES (), ebizwa nangokuthi Rijndaeleyenza 10 (ukhiye we-128-bit), 12 (ukhiye we-192-bit), noma 14 (ukhiye wamabhithi angu-256) wokuzulazula. Ahlanganisa ukushintshwa kwangaphambilini, imvume ye-matrix (ukuxuba imigqa, ukuxutshwa kwekholomu) nokuguqulwa kokhiye.

Uhlelo lwe-PGP lukakhiye womphakathi lwasungulwa ngo-1991 ngu-Philip Zimmermann futhi lwathuthukiswa ngosizo lomphakathi womhlaba wonke wabathuthukisi. Le phrojekthi yaba impumelelo - ngokokuqala ngqa isakhamuzi esivamile sanikezwa ithuluzi lokuvikela ubumfihlo, lapho ngisho nezinsizakalo ezikhethekile ezihlomele kakhulu zahlala zingenalutho. Uhlelo lwe-PGP lusebenze ku-Unix, DOS, nezinye izinkundla eziningi futhi lwalutholakala mahhala ngekhodi yomthombo.

Isiginali isethwe ku-smartphone

Namuhla, i-PGP ayivumeli kuphela ukubethela ama-imeyili ukuze kuvinjwe ukuthi angabukwa, kodwa futhi nokusayina (ukusayina) ama-imeyili abethelwe noma angabhaliwe ngendlela evumela umemukeli ukuthi anqume ukuthi umlayezo uvela kumthumeli ngempela yini nokuthi okuqukethwe kwawo bekubhaliwe yini. ishintshwe abantu besithathu ngemuva kokusayina. Okubaluleke kakhulu ngokombono womsebenzisi we-imeyili ukuthi izindlela zokubethela ezisekelwe endleleni yokhiye osesidlangalaleni azidingi ukudluliselwa kwangaphambili kokhiye wokubethela/wokukhipha ukubethela ngesiteshi esivikelekile (okungukuthi, okuyimfihlo). Ngenxa yalokhu, kusetshenziswa i-PGP, abantu i-imeyili (isiteshi esingeyona imfihlo) okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuxhumana abangabhalelana yona.

I-GPG noma I-GnuPG (- I-GNU Privacy Guard) iwukungena esikhundleni samahhala sesofthiwe ye-cryptographic ye-PGP. I-GPG ibethela imilayezo isebenzisa amapheya okhiye a-asymmetric adalelwe umsebenzisi ngamunye. Okhiye basesidlangalaleni bangashintshwa ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengokusebenzisa amaseva abalulekile ku-inthanethi. Kufanele zishintshwe ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ubungozi bokuthi abantu abangagunyaziwe bazenze abathumeli.

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi womabili amakhompyutha we-Windows kanye nemishini ye-Apple inikeza ukubethela kwedatha okusethwe kwasembonini okusekelwe kuzixazululo zokubethela. Udinga nje ukuwanika amandla. Isixazululo esaziwayo seWindows esibizwa Idrayivu Yobhalomfihlo i (isebenza ne-Vista) ibhala ngemfihlo umkhakha ngamunye we-partition usebenzisa i-algorithm ye-AES (128 noma 256 bits). Ukubethela kanye nokukhishwa kwemfihlo kwenzeka ezingeni eliphansi kakhulu, okwenza indlela yokusebenza ingabonakali ohlelweni nakuzinhlelo zokusebenza. Ama-algorithms e-cryptographic asetshenziswa ku-BitLocker aqinisekisiwe nge-FIPS. Ngokufanayo, nakuba kungasebenzi ngendlela efanayo, isixazululo sama-Macs FileVault.

Nokho, kubantu abaningi, ukubethela kwesistimu akwanele. Bafuna izinketho ezingcono kakhulu, futhi ziningi zazo. Isibonelo kungaba uhlelo lwamahhala I-TrueCryptngokungangabazeki ingenye yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingcono kakhulu zokuvikela idatha yakho ekufundweni abantu abangagunyaziwe. Uhlelo luvikela imilayezo ngokuyibhala ngekhodi eyodwa kwezintathu ezitholakalayo (i-AES, i-Serpent ne-Twofishfish) noma ngisho nokulandelana kwazo.

Ungaphenduki unxantathu

Usongo kubumfihlo bomsebenzisi we-smartphone (kanye “neseli” elivamile) luqala lapho idivayisi ivuliwe futhi ibhaliswe kunethiwekhi yomsebenzisi. (okubandakanya ukudalula inombolo ye-IMEI ekhomba le khophi kanye nenombolo ye-IMSI ekhomba i-SIM khadi). Lokhu kukodwa kukuvumela ukuthi ulandelele imishini ngokunemba okukhulu. Kulokhu sisebenzisa i-classic indlela engunxantathu usebenzisa iziteshi eziseduze zamaselula. Iqoqo elikhulu ledatha enjalo livula indlela yokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokucinga amaphethini athakazelisayo kuzo.

Idatha ye-GPS yocingo iyatholakala ohlelweni lokusebenza, futhi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenza kuyo - hhayi kuphela ezinonya - zingazifunda futhi zizenze zitholakale kubantu besithathu. Izilungiselelo ezizenzakalelayo kumadivayisi amaningi zivumela le datha ukuthi idalulwe ezinhlelweni zokusebenza zemephu yesistimu o-opharetha bazo (abanjenge-Google) baqoqa yonke into kuzigcinalwazi zabo.

Ngaphandle kwezingozi zobumfihlo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwama-smartphones, kusengenzeka ukunciphisa ubungozi. Izinhlelo ziyatholakala ezikuvumela ukuthi uguqule izinombolo ze-IMEI ne-MAC zamadivayisi. Ungakwenza futhi ngezindlela ezingokwenyama "nyamalala", okungukuthi, yaba engabonakali ngokuphelele ku-opharetha. Muva nje, amathuluzi aphinde avela asivumela ukuthi sinqume ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi sihlasela isizinda somgunyathi.

Inethiwekhi ebonakalayo yangasese

Umugqa wokuqala nobalulekile wokuvikela ubumfihlo bomsebenzisi ukuxhumana okuphephile nokungaziwa ku-inthanethi. Ungabugcina kanjani ubumfihlo be-inthanethi futhi usule imikhondo esele ngemuva?

Eyokuqala yezinketho ezitholakalayo i-VPN ngamafuphi. Lesi sixazululo sisetshenziswa kakhulu izinkampani ezifuna abasebenzi bazo baxhume kunethiwekhi yabo yangaphakathi ngoxhumano oluphephile, ikakhulukazi uma bengekho ehhovisi. Ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo kwenethiwekhi esimweni se-VPN kuqinisekiswa ngokubethela uxhumano nokudala “umhubhe” okhethekile ongaphakathi ku-inthanethi. Izinhlelo ze-VPN ezidume kakhulu zikhokhelwa i-USAIP, i-Hotspot, i-Shield noma i-OpenVPN yamahhala.

Ukucushwa kwe-VPN akuyona into elula, kodwa lesi sixazululo singesinye esisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvikeleni ubumfihlo bethu. Ukuze uthole ukuvikelwa kwedatha okwengeziwe, ungasebenzisa i-VPN kanye ne-Tor. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kunezihibe kanye nezindleko, njengoba kuhlotshaniswa nokulahlekelwa kwesivinini sokuxhuma.

Uma sikhuluma ngenethiwekhi ye-Tor… Lesi sifinyezo siqala ngokuthi , futhi ireferensi ka-anyanisi ibhekisela esakhiweni esinezingqimba sale nethiwekhi. Lokhu kuvimbela ithrafikhi yenethiwekhi yethu ukuthi ingahlaziywa ngakho-ke kunikeza abasebenzisi ukufinyelela okungaziwa kuzisetshenziswa ze-inthanethi. Njengamanethiwekhi eFreenet, GNUnet, kanye ne-MUTE, i-Tor ingasetshenziswa ukweqa izindlela zokuhlunga okuqukethwe, ukucwaninga, neminye imikhawulo yokuxhumana. Isebenzisa i-cryptography, ukubethela kwamazinga amaningi emilayezo edluliswayo futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqinisekise ukugcinwa kuyimfihlo okuphelele kokudluliselwa phakathi kwama-routers. Umsebenzisi kufanele ayisebenzise kukhompyutha yakhe iseva elibamba. Ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi, ithrafikhi ithunyelwa phakathi kwama-routers, futhi isofthiwe ngezikhathi ezithile isungula isekethe ebonakalayo kunethiwekhi ye-Tor, ekugcineni ifinyelele indawo yokuphuma, lapho iphakethe elingabhaliwe lidluliselwa lapho liya khona.

Ku-inthanethi ngaphandle komkhondo

Uma siphequlula amawebhusayithi esipheqululini sewebhu esijwayelekile, sishiya imikhondo yezenzo eziningi ezithathiwe. Ngisho nangemva kokuqalisa kabusha, ithuluzi ligcina futhi lidlulise ulwazi olunjengomlando wokuphequlula, amafayela, ukungena ngemvume, ngisho namagama ayimfihlo. Ungasebenzisa izinketho ukuvimbela lokhu imodi yangasese, manje etholakala kuziphequluli eziningi zewebhu. Ukusetshenziswa kwayo kuhloselwe ukuvimbela ukuqoqwa nokugcinwa kolwazi mayelana nemisebenzi yabasebenzisi kunethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi ukusebenza kule modi, ngeke singabonakali ngokuphelele futhi ngeke sizivikele ngokuphelele ekulandeleni.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokuzivikela usebenzisa i-https. Singaphoqa ukudluliswa kwedatha ngoxhumano olubethelwe sisebenzisa amathuluzi afana nesengezo seFirefox kanye ne-Chrome HTTPS Yonke indawo. Kodwa-ke, umbandela wokuthi indlela yokusebenza iwukuthi iwebhusayithi esiyixhumanisa nayo inikeza ukuxhumana okuphephile okunjalo. Amawebhusayithi adumile afana ne-Facebook ne-Wikipedia asevele ekwenza lokhu. Ngokungeziwe ekubetheleni ngokwakho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-HTTPS Yonke indawo kuvimbela ngokuphawulekayo ukuhlasela okubandakanya ukuvimba nokuguqula imilayezo ethunyelwa phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezimbili ngaphandle kolwazi lwabo.

Omunye umugqa wokuzivikela ngokumelene nokubuka amehlo isiphequluli sewebhu. Sibalule izengezo ezimelene nokulandelela kuzo. Kodwa-ke, isixazululo esiqinile ukushintshela kwesinye isiphequluli somdabu sibe yi-Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, ne-Opera. Ziningi ezinye izindlela ezinjalo, ngokwesibonelo: Avira Scout, Brave, Cocoon noma Epic Privacy Browser.

Noma ubani ongafuni amabhizinisi angaphandle aqoqe esikufaka ebhokisini losesho futhi ofuna imiphumela ihlale "ingahlungiwe" kufanele acabangele enye indlela ye-Google. Kuyinto, isibonelo, mayelana. DuckDuckGo, okungukuthi, injini yokusesha engaqoqi noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nomsebenzisi futhi engadali iphrofayela yomsebenzisi ngokusekelwe kuyo, ekuvumela ukuthi uhlunge imiphumela ebonisiwe. I-DuckDuckGo ibonisa wonke umuntu—kungakhathalekile indawo noma umsebenzi wangaphambilini—isethi efanayo yezixhumanisi, ezikhethelwe umusho ofanele.

Esinye isiphakamiso ixquick.com - abadali bayo bathi umsebenzi wabo uhlala uwukuphela kwenjini yokusesha engarekhodi inombolo ye-IP yomsebenzisi.

Umnyombo walokho okwenziwa i-Google ne-Facebook ukusetshenziswa okugcwele kwedatha yethu yomuntu siqu. Womabili amawebhusayithi, abusa i-inthanethi njengamanje, akhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi babanikeze ulwazi oluningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Lona umkhiqizo wabo oyinhloko, abawuthengisela abakhangisi ngezindlela eziningi. amaphrofayili okuziphatha. Ngenxa yabo, abakhangisi bangakwazi ukwenza izikhangiso zihambisane nezintshisakalo zethu.

Abantu abaningi bakuqonda kahle lokhu, kodwa abanaso isikhathi esanele namandla okuhlukana nokugadwa njalo. Akuwona wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi konke lokhu kunganyakaziswa kalula kusayithi elinikeza ukususwa kwe-akhawunti okusheshayo kumaphothali amaningi (okuhlanganisa). Isici esithokozisayo se-JDM yi i-generator identity generator - iwusizo kunoma ubani ongafuni ukubhalisa nedatha yangempela futhi akanalo ulwazi mayelana ne-bio mbumbulu. Ukuchofoza okukodwa kwanele ukuthola igama elisha, isibongo, usuku lokuzalwa, ikheli, ukungena ngemvume, iphasiwedi, kanye nencazelo emfushane engafakwa kuhlaka "mayelana nami" ku-akhawunti edaliwe.

Njengoba ubona, kulesi simo, i-Inthanethi ixazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga ebesingeke sibe nazo ngaphandle kwayo. Nokho, kukhona into enhle kule mpi yobumfihlo kanye nokwesaba okuhambisana nakho. Ukuqwashisa ngobumfihlo kanye nesidingo sokubuvikela kuyaqhubeka kukhula. Uma kubhekwa izikhali zobuchwepheshe ezishiwo ngenhla, singakwazi (futhi uma sifuna) ukumisa ngempumelelo ukungena “kwabantu ababi” ezimpilweni zethu zedijithali.