Isevisi ye-ATP Dextron

I-ATF Dexron service fluid (Dexron) ingumkhiqizo owandile ezimakethe zamazwe ahlukene futhi isetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabanikazi bezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezimoto. Uketshezi olucacisiwe, oluvame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Dextron noma i-Dextron (futhi ekuphileni kwansuku zonke lawa magama angalungile asetshenziswa kabanzi), uketshezi olusebenzayo kuma-othomathikhi, isiteringi samandla nezinye izindlela nemihlangano.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobona ukuthi iyini i-Dexron ATF, kuphi futhi nini lolu ketshezi lwakhiwe. Futhi, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile kuzokhokhwa ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zalolu ketshezi olukhona nokuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene zihluke kanjani, i-Dextron okufanele igcwalise ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo namanye amayunithi, njll.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobo zoketshezi Dexron

Okokuqala, namuhla ungathola uketshezi olusuka ku-Dexron 2, i-Dexron IID noma i-Dexron 3 kuya ku-Dexron 6. Eqinisweni, uhlobo ngalunye isizukulwane esihlukile soketshezi lokudlulisela, oluvame ukwaziwa ngokuthi i-Dexron. Intuthuko ingeyeGeneral Motors (GM), eyazakhela eyayo i-automatic transmission fluid Dexron ngo-1968.

Khumbula ukuthi imboni yezimoto ngaleyo minyaka yayisesiteji sokuthuthuka okusebenzayo, abakhiqizi bezimoto ezinkulu yonke indawo bathuthukisa ukubekezelelana nezindinganiso zamafutha kanye noketshezi lokudlulisela. Ngokuzayo, lokhu kubekezelelwa kanye nokucaciswa kwaba yimfuneko eyisibopho ezinkampanini zezinkampani zangaphandle ezikhiqiza uketshezi lwezimoto.

• Ake sibuyele emuva ku-Dextron. Ngemva kokukhululwa kwesizukulwane sokuqala samanzi anjalo, eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva, i-GM yaphoqeleka ukuba ithuthukise isizukulwane sesibili se-Dextron.

Isizathu siwukuthi amafutha omkhomo ayesetshenziswa ngenkuthalo njengendlela yokuguqula ukungqubuzana esizukulwaneni sokuqala, futhi uwoyela wegiya ngokwawo washeshe waba yinto engasetshenziswa ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo. Ifomula entsha kwakufanele ixazulule izinkinga, eyakha isisekelo se-Dexron IIC.

Eqinisweni, uwoyela womkhomo usuthathelwe indawo uwoyela wejojoba njengesilungisi sokungqubuzana, futhi ukumelana nokushisa komkhiqizo nakho kuye kwathuthukiswa. Kodwa-ke, ngazo zonke izinzuzo, ukwakheka kwakune-drawback engathi sína - ukugqwala okukhulu kwezinto zokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo.

Ngalesi sizathu, ama-corrosion inhibitors engeziwe kuketshezi lokudlulisela ukuvimbela ukwakheka kokugqwala okusebenzayo. Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwaholela ekwethulweni komkhiqizo we-Dexron IID ngo-1975. Futhi ngesikhathi sokusebenza, kwavela ukuthi uketshezi lokudlulisela, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwephakheji lokulwa nokugqwala, kuvame ukuqoqa umswakama (hygroscopicity), okuholela ekulahlekelweni ngokushesha kwezakhiwo.

Ngalesi sizathu, i-Dexron IID yaqedwa ngokushesha ngokwethulwa kwe-Dexron IIE, egcwele izithasiselo ezisebenzayo ukuvikela umswakama nokugqwala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi sizukulwane soketshezi sesiphenduke i-semi-synthetic.

Futhi, iqiniseka ngokusebenza kahle, ngemuva kwesikhashana inkampani yethula uketshezi olusha olunezici ezithuthukisiwe emakethe. Okokuqala, uma izizukulwane ezedlule zinesisekelo samaminerali noma se-semi-synthetic, khona-ke i-Dexron 3 ATF fluid entsha yenziwa ngesisekelo sokwenziwa.

Kuye kwasungulwa ukuthi lesi sixazululo simelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, sinezinto ezinhle kakhulu zokugcoba nokuzivikela, futhi sigcina uketshezi emazingeni okushisa aphansi (kuze kufike ku-30 ​​degrees Celsius). Kwakuyisizukulwane sesithathu esaphenduka umhlaba wonke ngempela futhi sasisetshenziswa kabanzi kuma-automatic transmissions, power steering, njll.

• Kuze kube manje, isizukulwane sakamuva kubhekwa Dexron VI (Dextron 6), eyenzelwe Hydra-Matic 6L80 eziyisithupha-speed automatic transmission. Umkhiqizo uthole izindawo zokugcoba ezithuthukisiwe, i-kinematic viscosity encishisiwe, ukumelana nokugwetshwa nokugqwala.

Umkhiqizi uphinde abeke uketshezi olunjalo njengokwakheka okungadingi ukushintshwa. Ngamanye amazwi, amafutha anjalo athululelwa ekudluliselweni okuzenzakalelayo kwayo yonke impilo yeyunithi.

Yiqiniso, empeleni, uwoyela we-gearbox udinga ukushintshwa njalo ngamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-50-60, kodwa kusobala ukuthi izakhiwo ze-Dextron 6 ziye zathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, i-Dextron VI nayo ilahlekelwa izakhiwo zayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa idinga ukushintshwa kaningi kune-Dextron III ephelelwe yisikhathi.

• Sicela uqaphele ukuthi uketshezi olushintshayo oluzenzakalelayo selunesikhathi eside lukhiqizwa abakhiqizi abahlukene, kuyilapho imikhiqizo ikhiqizwa ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Dexron. Ngokuqondene ne-GM, ukukhathazeka bekulokhu kukhiqiza kuphela lolu hlobo loketshezi kusukela ngo-2006, kuyilapho abanye abakhiqizi bamafutha beqhubeka nokukhiqiza i-Dextron IID, IIE, III, njll.

Ngokuqondene ne-GM, inkampani ayinasibopho ngekhwalithi nezakhiwo zezizukulwane zangaphambili zoketshezi, nakuba ziqhubeka nokukhiqizwa ngokwezinga le-Dexron. Kungabuye kuqashelwe ukuthi namuhla uketshezi lwe-Dexron lungaba olujwayelekile noma i-HP (ukusebenza okuphezulu) kokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo okusebenza ezimeni ezinzima.

Kukhona neDexron Gear Oil yokuhlukanisa nama-clutch, iDexron Manual Transmission Fluid eshintshwayo eshintshwayo, iDexron Dual Clutch Transmission Fluid yamarobhothi ama-dual-clutch gearbox, iDexron yesiteringi sikagesi nezinye izinto nezindlela. Kunolwazi lokuthi iGeneral Motors ihlola uketshezi lwakamuva oluzosetshenziswa njengowoyela wegiya kuma-CVT.

Iyiphi i-Dexron okufanele uyigcwalise futhi kungenzeka yini ukuxuba i-Dexron

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwamafutha olungakwazi futhi okufanele luthululwe ebhokisini. Ulwazi kufanele lufunwe kwi-manual, ungabona futhi ukuthi yini ekhonjiswe kwi-dipstick kawoyela eshintshashintshayo.

Uma isiqu simakwe i-Dexron III, kungcono ukuthululela lolu hlobo kuphela, okuyisiqinisekiso sokusebenza okuvamile kwebhokisi. Uma uzama ngoshintsho olusuka oketshezini olunconyiwe luye kunoma yiluphi olunye, khona-ke kunzima ukubikezela umphumela.

Asiye lapho. Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa uhlobo olulodwa noma olunye lwe-Dexron ATF, udinga ukucabangela ngokwehlukana izimo zezulu lapho imoto izoba khona nge-othomathikhi. I-GM incoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe i-Dextron IID ezifundeni lapho amazinga okushisa engehli ngaphansi -15 degrees, i-Dextron IIE yehle iye ku--30 degrees, i-Dexron III ne-Dexron VI yehle iye ku--40 degrees Celsius.

Manje ake sikhulume ngokuxuba. I-General Motors ngokwayo yenza izincomo zokuxuba nokushintshana ngokuhlukana. Okokuqala, amanye amafutha anezincazelo zobuchwepheshe angangezwa kumthamo omkhulu woketshezi lokudlulisela kuphela ngaphakathi kwemingcele enqunywe ngokwehlukana ngumkhiqizi wokudlulisela.

Futhi, lapho uxuba, kufanele ugxile kusisekelo sesisekelo (ama-synthetics, ama-semi-synthetics, amafutha amaminerali). Ngamafuphi, kwezinye izimo kusengenzeka ukuxuba amanzi amaminerali kanye ne-semi-synthetics, noma kunjalo, lapho kuhlanganiswa ama-synthetics namafutha amaminerali, ukusabela okungathandeki kungase kwenzeke.

Isibonelo, uma uxuba i-mineral Dextron IID ne-synthetic Dextron IIE, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungase kwenzeke, izinto zizokwehla ezingabangela ukwehluleka kokudlulisela okuzenzakalelayo nokulahlekelwa izakhiwo zoketshezi.

Sincoma futhi ukufunda isihloko sokuthi amafutha egiya angaxutshwa yini. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngezici zokuxuba uwoyela wegiya, kanye nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho uxuba uwoyela ku-gearbox yemoto.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Dextron IID ore ingaxutshwa ne-Dextron III. Kulokhu, kukhona nezingozi, kodwa ziyancipha, njengoba izikhathi eziningi izithasiselo eziyinhloko zalolu ketshezi ziyefana.

Uma kubhekwa ukushintshashintsha kwe-Dexron, khona-ke i-Dexron IID ingathathelwa indawo yi-Dexron IIE kunoma yikuphi ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo, kodwa i-Dexron IIE akufanele ishintshwe ibe yi-Dexron IID.

Ngokulandelayo, i-Dexron III ingathululwa ebhokisini lapho kwasetshenziswa khona uketshezi lwe-Dexron II. Nokho, ukuhlehla esikhundleni (ukubuyisela emuva kusuka ku-Dextron 3 kuya ku-Dextron 2) akuvunyelwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimeni lapho ukufakwa kunganikezeli ukuthi kungenzeka ukunciphisa i-coefficient of friction, ukushintshwa kwe-Dexron II nge-Dextron III akuvunyelwe.

Kuyacaca ukuthi ulwazi olungenhla olokuqondisa kuphela. Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, kulungile ukugcwalisa ibhokisi ngenketho kuphela enconywa umenzi.

Kuyamukeleka futhi ukusebenzisa ama-analogue, athuthukisiwe ngokwezakhiwo nezinkomba ngazinye. Isibonelo, ukushintsha kusuka ku-synthetic Dexron IIE kuya ku-synthetic Dexron III (kubalulekile ukuthi isisekelo sikawoyela wesisekelo kanye nephakheji eliyisithako eliyinhloko kuhlale kungashintshiwe).

Uma wenza iphutha futhi ugcwalisa ukudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo ngoketshezi lokudlulisela olunganconywa, izinkinga zingase ziphakame (i-friction disc slip, ukungalingani kwe-viscosity, ukulahlekelwa kwengcindezi, njll.). Kwezinye izimo, ama-clutch angaguga ngokushesha, adinge ukulungiswa okuzenzakalelayo.

Ake sibambe imiphumela

Uma ucabangela ulwazi olungenhla, singaphetha ngokuthi "Dexron ATF 3" futhi "Dexron VI" uwoyela namuhla aguquguqukayo futhi afanelekela inombolo enkulu othomathikhi, isiteringi samandla, kanye nenani lezinye izingxenye nezindlela zezimoto ze-GM.

Sincoma futhi ukufunda isihloko mayelana nokuthi iyini i-Lukoil manual transmission oil. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ngobuhle nobubi bawoyela wegiya "Lukoil" wokuhambisa ngesandla, nokuthi yini okufanele uyicabangele lapho ukhetha lo mkhiqizo. Nokho, ukubekezelelana nezincomo kumele kufundwe ngokwehlukana esimweni ngasinye, ngoba emabhokisini amadala kungase kungabi kuhle kakhulu ukushintsha kusukela Dexron 2 ukuze Dexron 3. Kubalulekile futhi ukukhumbula ukuthi ukuthuthukela ezingeni eliphezulu ngokuvamile kulungile (kusuka ku-Dexron IIE kuya ku-Dexron3, isibonelo), kodwa ngokuvamile akunconywa ukubuyela emuva kusukela kusixazululo sesimanjemanje emikhiqizweni yefa.

Okokugcina, siyaqaphela ukuthi kungcono ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa kuphela uketshezi olufanele lokudlulisela olushiwo umenzi, kanye nokushintsha uwoyela ekudluliseni okuzenzakalelayo, isiteringi samandla, njll. ngesikhathi esifanele. Le ndlela izogwema izinkinga nobunzima obuhlobene ukuxuba, kanye nalapho ushintsha usuka kolunye uhlobo lwe-ATF uye kolunye .