Iwebhu ye-Semantic - ukuthi izobukeka kanjani ngempela

 I-inthanethi yesizukulwane sesithathu, kwesinye isikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-Web 3.0(1), ibikhona kusukela maphakathi neshumi leminyaka eledlule. Kuphela manje, nokho, lapho umbono wakhe usuqala ukunemba kakhudlwana. Kubonakala sengathi kungase kuvele ngenxa yenhlanganisela (noma, ukukhuluma ngokufunda, ukuhlangana) kwamasu amathathu athuthukiswa kancane kancane.

Lapho bechaza isimo samanje se-inthanethi, ochwepheshe, izintatheli kanye nabamele ibhizinisi le-IT bavame ukusho izinselele nezinkinga ezifana nalezi:

● ukufakwa endaweni eyodwa - idatha emayelana nabasebenzisi nokuziphatha kwabo iqoqwa kusizindalwazi esinamandla esimaphakathi sabadlali abakhulu;

● ubumfihlo nokuvikeleka - kanye nenqwaba yedatha eqoqiwe ekhulayo, izikhungo ezigcinwa kuzo ziheha izigebengu ze-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa nesimo samaqembu ahleliwe;

● isikali - Ngokukhula njalo kwedatha yedatha evela ezigidini zemishini exhunyiwe, umthwalo kwingqalasizinda ekhona uzokwanda. Imodeli yamanje yeklayenti leseva isebenze kahle ekulayishweni komsebenzi okulula, kodwa mancane amathuba okuthi ikhule unomphela kumanethiwekhi esizukulwane esilandelayo.

Namuhla, umnotho wedijithali (ezweni laseNtshonalanga nasezindaweni ezithintekayo) ulawulwa ngabadlali abakhulu abahlanu: i-Facebook, i-Apple, i-Microsoft, i-Google ne-Amazon, ezibalwe kulolu hlelo, zifushanisiwe. I-FAMGA. Lezi zinkampani zilawula idatha eningi eqoqwe ezikhungweni ezishiwo ngenhla, nokho, ziyizakhiwo zezentengiselwano okuyinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu kuzo. Izintshisekelo zabasebenzisi ziphansi kakhulu ohlwini olubalulekile.

I-FAMGA yenza imali ngokuthengisa idatha yomsebenzisi wezinkonzo zayo kumabhidi aphezulu. Kuze kube manje, abasebenzisi ngokuvamile bamukele isikimu esinjalo, kancane kancane beshintshisana ngamabomu idatha yabo kanye nobumfihlo ukuze bathole amasevisi nezinhlelo zokusebenza "zamahhala". Kuze kube manje, lokhu kube yinzuzo ku-FAMGA futhi kuvunyelwe abasebenzisi be-inthanethi, kodwa futhi emhlabeni jikelele. Iwebhu 3.0 uzoqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile? Phela, ukwephulwa, ukucutshungulwa kwedatha okungekho emthethweni, ukuvuza kanye nokusetshenziswa kwedatha etholiwe ngenhloso engalungile, ukulimaza abathengi noma yonke imiphakathi, kuya ngokuya kubanda. Kukhona nokuqwashisa okukhulayo ngobumfihlo, kubukela phansi uhlelo oseluneminyaka lusebenza.

I-inthanethi Yakho Konke kanye neBlockchain

Kukholakala kabanzi ukuthi sesifikile isikhathi sokusabalalisa inethiwekhi. I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT), eye yavela eminyakeni edlule, iya ngokuya ibizwa ngokuthi I-inthanethi Yakho Konke (IoE). Kusuka kumishini yasendlini eyahlukene (2), ihhovisi noma izimboni, izinzwa namakhamera, ake siqhubekele emibonweni ejwayelekile inethiwekhi esabalalisiwe emazingeni amaningi, lapho ukuhlakanipha okungekhona okwangempela ingathatha ama-petabytes edatha futhi iguqule ibe amasiginali anengqondo futhi abalulekile kubantu noma amasistimu angezansi. Umqondo We-inthanethi Yezinto usekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi imishini exhumene, izinto, izinzwa, abantu nezinye izakhi zesistimu zingahlonyiswa ngezihlonzi kanye nekhono lokudlulisa idatha isuka kunethiwekhi eyodwa iye endaweni eyodwa. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisana komuntu nomuntu, ukusebenzisana kwekhompyutha yomuntu, noma ngaphandle kokuzibandakanya komuntu. Inqubo yokugcina, ngokwemibono eminingi, ayidingi nje kuphela amasu e-AI/ML (ML-, ukufunda ngomshini), kodwa futhi izindlela zokuphepha ezinokwethenjelwa. Njengamanje, banikezwa amasistimu asekelwe kuma-blockchains.

2. I-inthanethi yezinto ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke

Uhlelo lwe-IoT luzokhiqiza ngokungafani inani elikhulu ledathalokhu kungabangela izinkinga zomkhawulokudonsa wenethiwekhi lapho uthuthelwa ezikhungweni zedatha. Isibonelo, lolu lwazi lungase luchaze ukuthi umuntu othile usebenzisana kanjani nomkhiqizo emhlabeni ophathekayo noma wedijithali futhi kuzobaluleka kubakhiqizi nakubathengisi. Kodwa-ke, njengoba ukwakheka kwamanje kwe-IoT ecosystem kusekelwe kumodeli emaphakathi, eyaziwa ngokuthi imodeli yeklayenti leseva, lapho wonke amadivayisi akhonjwa, agunyazwe, futhi axhunywe ngamaseva amafu, kubonakala sengathi amapulazi amaseva azobiza kakhulu. esikalini futhi enze amanethiwekhi e-IoT abe sengcupheni yokuhlaselwa nge-inthanethi.

I-inthanethi Yezinto, noma izisetshenziswa ezixhumene zodwa, zisakazwa ngokwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kubonakala kunengqondo ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obusabalalisiwe ukuze kuxhunywe amadivaysi kwamanye noma kubantu abaphethe amasistimu. Sibhale izikhathi eziningi mayelana nokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ye-blockchain, ukuthi ibethelwe, nokuthi noma yimuphi umzamo wokuphazamisa ubonakala ngokushesha. Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthembela ku-blockchain kusekelwe ohlelweni hhayi egunyeni labaphathi bohlelo, okuya kuba nokungabaza kakhulu endabeni yezinkampani ze-FAMGA.

Lokhu kubonakala njengesixazululo esisobala se-inthanethi Yezinto, ngoba akekho umuntu ongaba isiqiniseko ohlelweni olukhulu kangaka lwezinsiza kanye nokushintshisana kwedatha. I-node ngayinye eqinisekisiwe ibhalisiwe futhi igcinwe ku-blockchain, futhi amadivayisi we-IoT kunethiwekhi angakwazi ukuhlonza futhi aqinisekisane ngaphandle kokudinga ukugunyazwa kwabantu, abalawuli, noma iziphathimandla. Ngenxa yalokho, inethiwekhi yokuqinisekisa iba lula ukukala futhi izokwazi ukusekela izigidigidi zamadivayisi ngaphandle kokudinga izinsiza zabantu ezengeziwe.

Enye yama-cryptocurrencies amabili adume kakhulu endaweni Bitcoin ihlaya ether. Izinkontileka ezihlakaniphile ezisekelwe kuzo zisebenza emshinini we-virtual we-Ethereum, okwenza lokho ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "ikhompyutha yomhlaba". Lesi yisibonelo esihle sendlela uhlelo lwe-blockchain olunwetshiwe olungasebenza ngayo. Isigaba esilandelayo "I-supercomputer enkulu“Okwahlukaniswa kuzosebenzisa izinsiza zekhompuyutha zomhlaba ngezinhloso zemisebenzi eyenziwa uhlelo. Umbono ukhumbuza izinhlelo zakudala ezifana [i-imeyili ivikelwe] iphrojekthi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia eBerkeley okuhloswe ngayo ukuhlinzeka ngosekelo lwekhompuyutha esabalalisiwe kuphrojekthi yocwaningo.

Qondani konke

Njengoba sesishilo, i-IoT ikhiqiza izinsiza ezinkulu zedatha. Kuphela embonini yesimanje yezimoto, le nkomba ilinganiselwa ku gigabyte ngomzuzwana. Umbuzo uwukuthi ungagaya kanjani lolu lwandle futhi uthole okuthile (noma okungaphezu nje kokuthi “into ethile”) kuyo?

I-Artificial intelligence isivele iphumelele emikhakheni eminingi ekhethekile. Izibonelo zifaka izihlungi ezingcono zokulwa nogaxekile, ukubonwa kobuso, ukutolika kolimi lwemvelo, ama-chatbots, nabasizi bedijithali ngokusekelwe kukho. Kulezi zindawo, imishini ingabonisa izinga lomuntu noma amakhono aphezulu. Namuhla asikho isiqalo sobuchwepheshe esingasebenzisi i-AI/ML ezisombululweni zakhona.

3. Ukuhlangana kobuhlakani bokwenziwa kwe-Intanethi Yezinto kanye neBlockchain

Kodwa-ke, umhlaba we-inthanethi Yezinto ubonakala udinga okungaphezu kwezinhlelo zobuhlakani bokwenziwa ezikhethekile. Ukuxhumana okuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwezinto kuzodinga ukuhlakanipha okujwayelekile okwengeziwe ukuze ubone futhi uhlukanise ngokwezigaba imisebenzi, izinkinga, kanye nedatha—njengoba nje abantu benza. Ngokwezindlela zokufunda zomshini, "i-AI evamile" enjalo ingadalwa kuphela ngokuyisebenzisa kumanethiwekhi okusebenza, ngoba iwumthombo wedatha i-AI efunda kuyo.

Ngakho ungabona uhlobo oluthile lwempendulo. I-inthanethi Yezinto idinga i-AI ukuze isebenze kangcono - i-AI iyathuthuka ngedatha ye-IoT. Ukubuka ukuthuthukiswa kwe-AI, IoT kanye (3), siya ngokuya siqaphela ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe buyingxenye yephazili yezobuchwepheshe ezodala i-Web 3.0. Zibonakala zisisondeza kusizindalwazi sewebhu esinamandla kakhulu kunalokho okwaziwayo okwamanje, kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo sixazulula izinkinga eziningi esibhekana nazo.

U-Tim Berners-Lee4) waqamba leli gama eminyakeni eminingi edlule "iwebhu ye-semantic»Njengengxenye yomqondo weWeb 3.0. Manje singabona ukuthi lo mqondo wokuqala ongacacile ungamelani. Indlela ngayinye kwezintathu zokwakha "iwebhu ye-semantic" isabhekene nezinselelo ezithile. I-inthanethi Yezinto kufanele ihlanganise izindinganiso zokuxhumana, i-blockchain kufanele ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwamandla nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, futhi i-AI kufanele ifunde okuningi. Nokho, umbono wesizukulwane sesithathu se-inthanethi ubonakala ucace kakhulu namuhla kunaseminyakeni eyishumi edlule.