Imishini yokuhlanganisa ogandaganda

Ukusebenzisana kwe-kinematic namandla kwezixhumanisi zokuthutha zesitimela somgwaqo ne-trailer kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa idivayisi yokudonsa (Fig. 1).

Imishini yokuxhumanisa amadonsi (TSU) kagandaganda aqukethe indlela yokuhlanganisa ekhiphekayo, into edambisayo kanye nezingxenye zokulungisa.

Ngokuklanywa komshini wokuhlanganisa otholakalayo, amadivaysi okudonsa ahlukaniswe abe:

• ukukhilosha (izingwegwe ezimbili nezihibe),
• izikhonkwane (izikhonkwane ezimbili),
• ibhola (i-ball-loop pair).

Isici sokudambisa sisebenzisa iziphethu zamakhoyili, izakhi zenjoloba neziphethu zamaringi.

Okusakazeke kakhulu ezitimeleni zomgwaqo ezinama-trailer ama-hook-and-joint hitch.

Umfanekiso 1 - Imishini yokuhlanganisa ugandaganda: 1 - umamukeli; 2 - umzimba we-actuator; 3 - ukulungisa i-lever; 4 - ikhava yenkosi; 5 - ikhava yezindlu zomshini; 6 - intwasahlobo; 7 - ifreyimu; 8 - isibambo sedrayivu; 9 - iphini eliphakathi; 10 - isihlalo senkosi ephakathi; 11 - i-locknut; 12 - ibhokisi le-fuse; 13 - i-fuse decoupling othomathikhi; I-14 - i-cap ye-nut ye-hook yomshini wokugcina; 15 - nut; I-16 - umzimba wedivayisi yokudonsa; 17– isivalo sensimbi yokudonsa; I-18 - isembozo sedivayisi yokudonsa; 19 - i-ratchet lock hook; 20 - latch; 21 - ihuku

I-hook hitch yemoto ye-KamAZ-5320 (Fig. 2) iqukethe i-hook 2, induku yayo edlula emigodini yelungu elingemuva lesiphambano sohlaka, elinokuqiniswa okwengeziwe. Induku ifakwa emzimbeni omkhulu oyi-cylindrical 15, ivalwe ngakolunye uhlangothi ngesivikelo esingu-12, ngakolunye uhlangothi nge-casing 16. Isici esinwebeka senjoloba (i-shock absorber) 9, esithambisa imithwalo yokushaqeka lapho ugibela imoto indawo ene-trailer ukusuka endaweni futhi lapho ushayela emgwaqeni ongalingani, itholakala phakathi kwama-washer amabili 13 no-14. I-nut 10 inikeza ukucindezelwa kokuqala kwesitobhi senjoloba 9. Ku-shaft 3 edlula ihuku, ivinjwe yi- i-pawl 4, evimbela iluphu yokuhlanganisa ukuthi ingahlangani nehhuku.

Umfanekiso we-2 - i-towing hook: 1 - oiler; 2 - ihuku; 3 - i-axis ye-latch hook; 4 - i-pawl latch; 5 - i-ratchet axis; 6 - isikhwama; 7 - nut; 8 - uchungechunge lwezikhonkwane ze-cotter; 9 - isici sokunwebeka; I-10 - i-hook-nut; 11 - iphinikhodi ye-cotter; 12 - ikhava yokuzivikela; 13, 14 - amawasha; 15 - umzimba; 16 - ikhava yezindlu

Ukushayisa ugandaganda nge-trailer:

• bhuleka inqola ngesistimu yamabhuleki yokupaka;
• vula i-latch ye-tow hook;
• faka ibha yokudonsa ye-trailer ukuze iso lokushayisa libe sezingeni elifanayo nehhuku yokudonsa yemoto;
• phakamisa ngokucophelela imoto emuva kuze kube yilapho ihhuku yokudonsa ihlezi phezu kwe-hitch ye-trailer;
• faka i-loop yokudonsa ku-hook yokudonsa, vala i-latch futhi uyilungise nge-ratchet;
• xhuma i-trailer esokhethi yemoto;
• xhuma ukufakwa kwe-hose yesistimu ye-pneumatic ye-trailer nokufakwa okuhambisanayo kwesistimu ye-pneumatic yemoto;
• xhuma i-trailer emotweni ngentambo yokuphepha noma iketanga;
• vula ama-valve okuvala i-pneumatic drive ye-trailer brake systems efakwe emotweni (i-single-wire noma i-two-wire circuit);
• phula i-trailer ngesistimu yebhuleki yokupaka.

Ihitch eshiwo iyahluka edizayini yehuku lomshini wokuhipha okhiphekayo.

I-detachable-coupling mechanism ye-pivot hinge (Fig. 3) iqukethe imfoloko 17 ("i-receiver"), i-pivot 14 kanye ne-bolt. Ikhethini elibekwe emzimbeni liqukethe isibambo 13, i-shaft, ibhande 12 kanye nentwasahlobo yomthwalo 16. Imfoloko ixhunywe ku-rod 5 ngokusebenzisa i-shaft 10, ehlinzeka ngokuguquguquka okudingekayo kokudluliselwa endizeni eqondile. Esimeni esikhululekile, indlela yokuhlanganisa ekhishwayo ibanjwe yi-rubber stop 11 kanye ne-spring bar 9.

Umfanekiso 3 - I-drawbar ejikelezayo: 1 - nut; 2 - umkhono womhlahlandlela; 3, 7 - ama-flange; 4 - isici senjoloba; 5 - induku; 6 - umzimba; 8 - ikhava; 9 - intwasahlobo; 10 - i-axis yenduku; 11 - isilondolozi; 12 - ibha; 13 - isibambo 14 - kingpin; 15 - iluphu yomhlahlandlela; 16, 18 - iziphethu; 17 - imfoloko; 19 - fuse

Ngaphambi kokuhlanganisa ugandaganda ne-trailer, i-latch "iboshwe" nesibambo esingu-13, kanti iphinikhodi engu-14 ibanjwe yi-clamp 12 endaweni engaphezulu. Intwasahlobo 16 icindezelwe. Ingxenye engezansi eyicinene ye-kingpin 14 iphuma kancane ku-strut engaphezulu engu-17 yemfoloko. I-trailer hitch loop ingena kumhlahlandlela wemfoloko 15 lapho ikhethini lehliswa. Ibhande 12 likhulula ihinge emaphakathi engu-14, okuthi, ngaphansi kwesenzo samandla adonsela phansi kanye nentwasahlobo engu-16, iye phansi, yenze ihhuku. Ukuwa kwe-kingpin 14 emgodini ophindaphindiwe kuvinjelwa i-fuse 19. Uma uhlanganyela, i-loop ehambisanayo ingena emfolokhweni we-TSU futhi icindezela phansi okumise okwe-cone ye-kingpin 14, okusiza ukuyiphakamisa ibanga elifushane futhi khulula udladla (ijoka) 12 ephinini lenkosi.

Amandla kanye nokusebenzisana kwe-kinematic kwezixhumanisi zokuthutha zesitimela somgwaqo we-saddle kunikezwa ukuhlanganisa isondo lesihlanu (Fig. 4).

Umfanekiso 4 - Ugandaganda weloli: 1 - i-chassis yemoto; I-2 - ilungu lesiphambano sedivayisi yesihlalo; 3 - ukwesekwa kwesihlalo; 4 - ipuleti lezinqe; 5 - uwoyela; I-6 - amehlo ohlangothini lwesihlalo; 7 - ubakaki wesihlalo; 8 - i-saddle sliding device; 9 - isipontshi kwesokunxele; I-10 - indawo ethwala i-base plate; 11 - umunwe we-spongy; 12 - iphinikhodi ye-cotter; 13 - i-oiler; 14 - iphinikhodi yokunamathisela isibambo; 15 - i-axis yebha yokuphepha; I-16 - i-fuse yokukhipha okuzenzakalelayo komshini wokuhlanganisa; 17 - i-spring ratchet yokuvala i-cuff; I-18 - i-axis ye-fist pawl yokukhiya; 19 - ukukhiya i-cam spring; 20 - inja eboshiwe isibhakela; 21 - isibhakela sokukhiya; 22 - i-axis yesibhakela sokukhiya; 23 - isibambo sokukhiya isibambo; 24 - isipontshi kwesokudla; 25 - i-hinge; 26 - ukwesekwa, 27 - umkhono wangaphandle; 28 - umkhono wangaphakathi; 29 - i-hinge axis

Ukuhlanganisa isondo lesihlanu kusetshenziselwa ukuxhuma nokunqamula ugandaganda ku-semi-trailer, kanye nokudlulisa umthwalo oma mpo obalulekile usuka ku-semi-trailer uye emotweni kanye nokudonsa usuka kugandaganda uye ku-semi-trailer.

Lolu cingo luhlinzeka ngokuhlangana kwe-semi-automatic kanye nokuqaqa ugandaganda one-semi-trailer. I-trailer ifakwe i-base plate ene-pivot (Fig. 5). Ububanzi bendawo yokusebenza yephinikhodi yenkosi bujwayelekile futhi bulingana no-50,8 ± 0,1 mm.

Umfanekiso 5 - I-semi-trailer kingpin yokuhlangana nesondo likagandaganda lesihlanu

Ukuhlanganisa isondo lesihlanu (Fig. 4) kufakwe ohlakeni lukagandaganda weloli kusetshenziswa abakaki ababili 3 abaxhunywe ilungu eliphambanayo 2. Abakaki 3 banezigaxa lapho isihlalo sehhashi sifakwe khona kusetshenziswa amahinge amabili angu-25, okuyi-base plate. 10 enezinhlangothi ezimbili 6.

Amehlo asemaceleni angu-6 esihlalo sehhashi axhunywe ngokuqinile ezimbazweni ezingu-29 zamahinji angu-25, anikeza ukuthambekela okuthile kwesihlalo sehhashi endizeni yobude. Ama-axles 29 azungeza ngokukhululekile ku-rubber-metal bushings 27 no-28. Lesi sixazululo sihlinzeka ngokuthambekela okuthile kwe-longitudinal ye-semi-trailer ngesikhathi sokunyakaza, kanye nokuthambekela okuphambene kancane (kufika ku-3º), okusho ukuthi kunciphisa imithwalo eguquguqukayo edluliswa i-trailer semi-trailer kuhlaka lukagandaganda. Amashafti 29 avikelwe ekunyakazeni kwe-axial ngokukhiya amapuleti 4. I-oiler 5 ifakwe ku-shaft futhi yenzelwa umzila wokuhlinzeka nge-lubricant ku-rubber kanye nezihlahla zensimbi 27.

Ngaphansi kwe-base plate 10 yesihlalo kukhona indlela yokuhlanganisa. Iqukethe izibambo ezimbili 9 no-24 ("izipontshi"), isibambo sokukhiya 21 esinesiqu kanye nesiphethu 19, i-latch ene-spring 17, i-lever yokulawula yokuvula i-23 kanye ne-othomathikhi yokuhlukanisa i-fuse 16 ebekwe ku-base plate 10. usebenzisa izikhonkwane ezingu-11 futhi ungajikeleza nxazonke, uthatha izikhundla ezimbili ezimbi kakhulu (ezivuliwe noma ezivaliwe). Isibambo sokukhiya esingu-21 sinezikhundla ezimbili ezidlulele: ngemuva - izibambo zivaliwe, izibambo zangaphambili zivulekile. Intwasahlobo engu-19 yenduku iphikisana nokunyakaza kwesibambo esingu-21 ukuya endaweni eya phambili. Induku yesibhakela yokukhiya 21 ingqubuzana nebha eliziqhumisayo 16. Kanjalo.

I-Fusible rod 16 ifakwe ku-axis 15 kanye nethuba lokujikeleza ukulungisa noma ukukhulula induku.

Ngaphambi kokuxhuma ugandaganda ku-trailer, ibha yokuphepha ekhishwa ngokuzenzakalelayo isethwe endaweni "engakhiyiwe", ekhulula ibha yesibambo sesigadli.

Ukuze ushaye ugandaganda nge-semi-trailer, jikisa i-hitch control lever phambili lapho uzohamba khona. Kulokhu, isibambo sokukhiya sizokhiywa endaweni ehamba phambili nge-latch. Umshayeli usetha ugandaganda ngendlela yokuthi i-semi-trailer kingpin idlule phakathi kwezihlalo ezibevevezele futhi iqhubeke phakathi kwezibambo. Njengoba isibambo singena endaweni ye-cocked, lapho i-kingpin ifakwe emgodini wezibambo, izibambo ziyavuleka.

Isibhakela sikhululwa ekulungiseni nge-latch, siphumule ngemuva ngokumelene nokubamba futhi sibabambe endaweni evulekile. Ngokuqhubeka nokunyakaza kwengxenye engemuva kagandaganda, i-kingpin ibamba izibambo ngendlela yokuthi zivaleke, futhi isibambo, ngaphansi kwesenzo somthombo, singena emigodini ye-angular yezibambo futhi sithatha indawo engemuva, okuyinto. iqinisekisa ukukhiya kwayo okuthembekile. Ngemuva kokuthi ukukhiya kwenzeke, kuyadingeka ukulungisa induku yokuqala ngokuvula ibha ye-fuse yokuzivula endaweni "evaliwe".

Ukuze uqale ukuhamba nge-semi-trailer, umshayeli kufanele: aphakamise ama-roller (noma amasilinda) edivaysi esekela i-semi-trailer; xhuma amakhanda esistimu ye-pneumatic kagandaganda kanye ne-semi-trailer; xhuma izintambo zikagesi; khipha i-trailer yokupaka ibhuleki

Ngaphambi kokuqaqa isitimela somgwaqo, umshayeli ubhuleka i-semi-trailer enesistimu yamabhuleki okupaka, ehlisa ama-roller (noma amasilinda) ensimbi esekelayo, anqamule amakhanda axhumayo esistimu yomoya kanye namapulaki ezintambo zikagesi.

Ukuze ukhiphe, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde uvule ibha ye-fuse kanye ne-lever yokulawula ukuxoshwa, emva kwalokho, ngegiya lokuqala, ukuhambisa ugandaganda phambili ngokushelela. Njengoba i-trunnion izohanjiswa endaweni eya phambili futhi ikhiywe nge-latch, i-trailer kingpin izophuma ngokukhululekile kuzibambi ezigoqekayo.

Ukwandisa umthamo wokuthwala wesitimela somgwaqo, kusetshenziswa amathuluzi okuhlanganisa ama-telescopic afushanisiwe, isimiso sokusebenza kwawo esisekelwe ekwehliseni ibanga phakathi kukagandaganda ne-trailer ngesikhathi sokunyakaza kwe-rectilinear kanye nokuyandisa lapho ijika amakhona nalapho ihamba.

Ukwanda komthamo wokuthwala wezitimela zomgwaqo kuhlotshaniswa nokwanda kwenani lama-ekseli kanye nobude bawo buphelele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kubangela ukuwohloka kokuhamba kahle kwesitimela somgwaqo kanye nokuguga kwamasondo ngesivinini.

Ukusetshenziswa kwama-axle amasondo nama-axle amasondo kunciphisa lokhu kungalungile. Zilula ekwakhiweni futhi zidinga izindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza nezokugcina.

Kuma-semi-trailer enama-axle amathathu, i-axle yangemuva izungeza ngaphansi kwesenzo sezingxenye ezingemuva zokusabela komgwaqo emasondweni awo lapho iphenduka.

Ama-ekseli acacisiwe akhulisa ubude bokulayisha kanye nendawo emaphakathi namandla adonsela phansi e-semi-trailer. Ngakho-ke, ama-axles anamasondo aziqondanisa nawo asesabalele.