Ochwepheshe Bebhasi Abaphansi - Ingxenye 2

Ama-Subwoofers ayengasebenzi ngaso sonke isikhathi, ayengahlali exhumene eduze nezinhlelo zetiyetha yasekhaya, futhi ayengawasebenzisi njalo kwasekuqaleni. Baqala imisebenzi yabo kwezobuchwepheshe obudumile ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, ezinhlelweni ze-stereo ezixhunywe kuma-amplifiers "avamile" we-stereo kunezamukeli zeziteshi eziningi - inkathi yetiyetha yasekhaya yayisanda kusondela.

Uhlelo 2.1 (i-subwoofer enamasathelayithi) bekungenye indlela yezikhulumi ezijwayelekile (bona futhi: ) ngaphandle kwesidingo. Lona bekufanele inikeze amandla kokubili i-subwoofer ehlungiwe ephansi ephansi kanye namasathelayithi ahlungiwe ama-high-pass, kodwa lo mthwalo awuhlukile neze ngokwe-impedance "ebonwayo" yi-amplifier kusukela ku-multi-way loudspeaker. uhlelo. Ihluke kuphela ekuhlukaniseni ngokomzimba kwesistimu ye-multi-band ibe yi-subwoofer nama-satellites, ohlangothini lukagesi lufana ngokuyisisekelo (ama-subwoofers ayevame ukuba nama-woofers amabili axhunywe ngokuzimela eziteshini ezimbili, noma isikhulumi esisodwa sekhoyili ezimbili).

Ibhodi le-amplifier elinesigaba sokulawula cishe lihlezi lingemuva - akudingekile ukuthi silivakashele nsuku zonke

Amasistimu 2.1 baze bathola ukuthandwa okukhulu kule ndima (Jamo, Bose), bakhohlwa kamuva, ngoba bacindezelwa yizo zonke izindawo. izinhlelo zeshashalazi zasekhayao, kakade ngaphandle kokwehluleka ngama-subwoofers - kodwa asebenzayo. Lawa ma-subwoofers angena esikhundleni, futhi uma namuhla umuntu ecabanga ngesistimu engu-2.1 eklanyelwe ukulalela umculo (izikhathi eziningi), kungenzeka ukuthi umuntu acabangele isistimu ene-subwoofer esebenzayo.

Lapho bevela amafomethi eziteshi eziningi i izinhlelo zeshashalazi zasekhaya, bethule isiteshi esikhethekile se-low-frequency - LFE. Ngokwethiyori, isikhulisi sakhe singaba phakathi kwezikhulisi zamandla eziningi ze-AV amplifier, bese i-subwoofer exhunyiwe izobe ingasebenzi. Nokho, kube nezimpikiswano eziningi ezivuna ukutolikwa kwalesi siteshi ngendlela ehlukile - lesi sikhulisa-msindo kufanele “sikhishwe” kudivayisi ye-AV futhi sihlanganiswe ne-subwoofer. Ngenxa yalokhu, kufaneleka kakhulu kuye hhayi kuphela ngokwamandla, kodwa nangokwezici. Ungayishuna kahle futhi uzuze imvamisa yokusika ephansi kune-passive subwoofer enosayizi ofanayo nesipikha esifanayo, sebenzisa isihlungi sephasi eliphansi esisebenzayo nesilungisekayo (ukungenzi lutho kumabhesi anjalo kungadla amandla futhi kubize), futhi manje engeza izici ezengeziwe. . Kulokhu, i-multichannel amplifier (i-receiver) "ikhululiwe" ku-amplifier yamandla, okumele kube yiyona esebenza kahle kakhulu (esiteshini se-LFE, amandla adingekayo afana namandla aphelele azo zonke ezinye iziteshi zesistimu. ). !), okungaphoqa ukuthi kulahle umqondo omuhle wamandla afanayo kuwo wonke amatheminali afakwe kumamukeli, noma kukhawulelwe amandla esiteshi se-LFE, kunciphisa amandla alo lonke uhlelo. Okokugcina, ivumela umsebenzisi ukuthi akhethe i-subwoofer ngokukhululeka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokuyifanisa ne-amplifier.

Noma mhlawumbe ngomculo isistimu ye-stereo Ingabe i-passive subwoofer ingcono? Ake siphendule ngale ndlela: Kuzinhlelo ze-multichannel/cinema, i-subwoofer esebenzayo ingcono nakanjani, umqondo wohlelo olunjalo ulungile kuzo zonke izici, njengoba sesixoxile kakade. Kuzinhlelo ze-stereo/zomculo, i-subwoofer esebenzayo nayo iyisixazululo esiphusile, nakuba zingeziningi izimpikiswano ezivuna yona. I-subwoofer engenzi lutho ezinhlelweni ezinjalo yenza umqondo owengeziwe, ikakhulukazi uma sinesikhulisi esinamandla (sestereo), kodwa-ke kufanele sicabange ngokucophelela futhi siklame yonke into. Noma kunalokho, ngeke sithole amasistimu enziwe ngomumo, angenawo ama-2.1 emakethe, ngakho-ke sizophoqeleka ukuwahlanganisa.

Sizokwenza kanjani ukuhlukana? I-subwoofer kufanele ibe nesihlungi sokudlula esiphansi. Kodwa ingabe sizokwethula isihlungi sokudlula okuphezulu kwezikhulumi eziyinhloko, manje esizosebenza njengamasathelayithi? Ukwenzeka kwesinqumo esinjalo kuncike ezintweni eziningi - umkhawulokudonsa walezi zikhulumi, amandla azo, kanye namandla we-amplifier kanye nekhono layo lokusebenza nge-impedance ephansi; kungase kube nzima ukuvula izikhulumi kanye ne-subwoofer ngesikhathi esifanayo (i-impedances yabo izoxhunywa ngokuhambisana futhi i-impedance ephumayo izoba ngaphansi). Ngakho-ke… okokuqala, i-subwoofer esebenzayo iyisixazululo esihle nesisebenza emhlabeni wonke, futhi esingenzi lutho sisesimweni esikhethekile futhi sinolwazi olukhulu nolwazi lomuntu osafunda walolu hlelo.

Uxhumano lwesipika

Isethi yezixhumi ezicebe ngokwedlulele - okokufaka kwe-RCA, izipikha, futhi, kuyaqabukela, ukuphuma kwesignali ye-HPF (ipheya yesibili ye-RCA)

Lokhu kuxhumana, obekubaluleke kakhulu kuma-subwoofers, kulahlekelwe ukubaluleka kwakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ezinhlelweni ze-AV, lapho sivame ukuletha khona. Isignali ye-LFE iphansi esokhethini se-RCA eyodwa, futhi "uma kwenzeka" kukhona ukuxhumana kwe-RCA stereo. Nokho, ukuxhuma ngekhebula lesipika kunezinzuzo zakho kanye nabasekeli bako. Ukuxhumana kwezipikha kuba okubalulekile ezinhlelweni ze-stereo, kokubili ngenxa yokuthi akuzona zonke izikhulisa-zwi ezinezinga eliphansi lokuphumayo (kusuka ku-preamplifier) ​​nangenxa yezimo zesignali ezithile. Kodwa iphuzu alikho nhlobo ukuthi lokhu kuyisignali yezinga eliphezulu; i-subwoofer ayisebenzisi amandla avela ku-amplifier yangaphandle ngisho nalokhu kuxhumana, ngoba i-impedance ephezulu yokufaka ayivumeli; Futhi, ngalolu xhumano, olufana nezinga eliphansi (kuya kwezixhumi ze-RCA), isignali ikhuliswa yi-subwoofer circuits.

Iqiniso liwukuthi ngokuxhumeka okunjalo (okuguquguqukayo), isignali ku-subwoofer ivela emiphumeleni efanayo (i-amplifier yangaphandle), enesigaba esifanayo kanye "nohlamvu" njengezikhulumi eziyinhloko. Le ngxabano ithi ukungezwani, kusukela isignali ishintsha i-subwoofer amplifier ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwalokho, isigaba sisadinga ukulungiswa, kodwa umqondo wokuvumelana kwezimpawu eziya ezipikheni kanye ne-subwoofer ukhanga emcabangweni ... kuphela kukhona konke okudingekayo. imiphumela.

Isigaba samanzi noma isigaba sokugxuma?

Imishini evamile kakhulu: izinga nokuhlunga kubushelelezi, izigaba ziyanyathelwa; ipheya ye-RCA yesitiriyo kanye nokokufaka kwe-LFE okwengeziwe

Izilawuli ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo ze-subwoofer zikuvumela ukuthi ushintshe izinga (ivolumu), umkhawulo wokuvama okuphezulu (okuthiwa ukunqunywa) i isigaba. Eyokuqala emibili imvamisa iwuketshezi, eyesithathu - bushelelezi noma bushelelezi (izikhundla ezimbili). Ingabe lokhu kuwukuyekethisa okungathi sína? Abakhiqizi abaningi banquma ukwenza lokhu hhayi kuphela kuma-subwoofers ashibhile. Ukusetha isigaba esifanele, nakuba kudingekile kakhulu ekuhleleni kahle, kuwumsebenzi oqondwa kancane futhi ovame ukunganakwa ngabasebenzisi. Nakuba ukushuna okubushelelezi ngokombono kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokushuna i-subwoofer kumasathelayithi, kwenza umsebenzi ube yisicefe kakhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho ube nzima futhi unganakwa. Kodwa ngokulawula izinga nokuhlunga, kuyinhlekelele yangempela ... Ngokuvumelana nokuvumelana okunjalo (i-switch esikhundleni se-knob), sikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bayizame ngendlela elula: vele unqume ukuthi iyiphi indawo yokushintsha engcono (ama-bass amaningi. kusho ibhalansi yesigaba esingcono), ngaphandle kokusesha okuyisicefe kokuhle ngenani elikhulu lokunyakaza kwezibambo. Ngakho-ke uma sinokulawula okushelelayo, ake sizame okungenani izikhundla ezidlulele, i.e. ezahlukene ngo-180 °, futhi sizowubona nakanjani umehluko. Esimweni esibi kakhulu, isigaba esisethiwe ngokungalungile sisho imbobo ejulile ezicini, futhi kuphela "ukulungiswa okungaphansi" kusho ukuncipha.

Isilawuli kude

Kuze kube manje, inani elincane kuphela lama-subwoofers afakwe isilawuli kude ngesilawuli kude - kubo kusewucezu lwemishini yokunethezeka, nakuba iwusizo kakhulu, ngoba ukusetha i-subwoofer kusuka endaweni yokulalela kusiza kakhulu ekuzuzeni imiphumela engcono kakhulu. Kungcono ukuzilolonga noma iyiphi enye indlela kunokugijima uye emuva naphambili phakathi kwesihlalo ne-subwoofer. Kodwa-ke, kuthenjwa ukuthi isilawuli kude sizoba yimishini eyisisekelo, futhi ukushuna kwe-subwoofer kuzoba lula futhi kunembe kakhulu ngenxa yezicelo zemishini ephathwayo - lesi sixazululo sishibhile kunokwengeza isilawuli kude, futhi sivula kakhulu. amanye amathuba.

Ngokucophelela! Isipikha esikhulu!

Ama-subwoofers atholakalayo kusuka izikhulumi ezinkulu Ama-woofer mancane… ayingozi. Ukwenza isipikha esikhulu akuwona ubuciko obukhulu - ubhasikidi omkhulu wobubanzi kanye ne-diaphragm akubizi kakhulu, kuncike kakhulu kukhwalithi (ngakho-ke ubukhulu) besistimu kazibuthe, enquma imingcele eminingi ebalulekile. Kulesi sisekelo, ngokukhethwa okufanele kwezinye izici zokuklama (ikhoyili, i-diaphragm), amandla, ukusebenza kahle, ukuzwakala okuphansi, kanye nokuphendula okuhle komfutho kuyakhiwa. Isipikha esikhulu nesibuthakathaka siyinhlekelele, ikakhulukazi ohlelweni i-bass reflex.

Lokhu kungase kube isizathu esenza abanye abantu baqaphele ama-woofer amakhulu (ngezipikha), ngokuvamile bewagxeka "ngokunensa", njengoba kufakazelwa i-diaphragm enzima kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, uma uhlelo olusindayo lwe-oscillatory luqala "idrayivu" esebenza ngokwanele, khona-ke yonke into ingaba ngohlelo, kokubili kusipikha esikhulumayo kanye naku-subwoofer esebenzayo. Kodwa qaphela - ubuthakathaka bamagnet ngeke bunxeshezelwe ngamandla aphezulu we-amplifier noma ukusebenza kahle kwayo (okwamanje, njll.), okuyinto abanye abakhiqizi abanikezayo. I-current evela ku-booster ifana nophethiloli, futhi ngisho nophethiloli ongcono kakhulu ngeke uthuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwenjini ebuthakathaka.

Ikhabhinethi ebukekayo efanayo, isipikha (ngaphandle) kanye namakhulu wama-watts kungaveza imiphumela ehluke kakhulu, kuye ngamandla nokucushwa kwesistimu yedrayivu yesipikha.

Ikakhulukazi esimweni se-inverter yesigaba "ephukile" yizibuthe ezibuthakathaka (kanye / noma ivolumu yekhabhinethi encane kakhulu), impendulo yomfutho ayikwazi "ukulungiswa" ngamandla avela ku-amplifier, engasetshenziswa ukulungisa impendulo yemvamisa. , ngakho-ke, kuma-subwoofers asebenzayo - kaningi kunezikhulumi - isetshenziswa umzimba ovaliwe. Kodwa i-bass reflex iyayenga ngokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu, ingadlala ngokuzwakalayo, okubabazekayo...futhi ukunemba kokuqhuma akubalulekile kangako ethiyetha yasekhaya. Kungcono ukuthi ube nakho konke ngesikhathi esisodwa, okudinga isipikha esiqinile (kuzo zonke izici), amandla amaningi avela ku-amplifier kanye nesivalo esinevolumu ephezulu. Konke lokhu kubiza imali, ngakho-ke ama-subwoofers amakhulu futhi ahloniphekile ngokuvamile awashibhile. Kodwa kukhona "izizathu", kodwa ukuze uzithole, akwanele ukubuka i-subwoofer ngaphandle, ufunde izici zayo zobunikazi, noma ngisho nokuxhuma futhi uhlole izilungiselelo ezimbalwa ezingahleliwe ekamelweni elingahleliwe. Kungcono ukwazi "amaqiniso aqinile"... ekuhlolweni nasekukalweni kwethu.

I-Grille - susa?

W multiband izipika Inkinga yomphumela we-mask ekusebenzeni kokucubungula ibucayi kangangokuthi siyakucabangela ezilinganisweni zethu ngokuqhathanisa isimo (ku-axis eyinhloko) kanye nangaphandle kwemaski. Cishe njalo umehluko (ekulimazeni i-grille) usobala kangangokuthi sincoma ukuyisusa, ngezinye izikhathi ngokucacile.

Endabeni yama-subwoofers, asizihluphi nakancane ngalokhu, ngoba cishe ayikho i-grille eshintsha ukusebenza ngendlela ephawulekayo. Njengoba sesichazile izikhathi eziningi, ama-gratings ajwayelekile ayithinti imisebe hhayi kakhulu ngezinto isipikha esikhuluma ngaso esimbozwe ngaso, kodwa ngohlaka okunwetshwe kulo le nto. Ukuncishiswa okwethulwa izicubu ezijwayelekile kuncane, kodwa amaza amafushane amaza aphakathi nendawo naphezulu avela kuma-scaffolds, aphazamise futhi ngaleyo ndlela enze izici ezengeziwe ezingalingani. Endabeni yama-subwoofers, amaza e-low-frequency akhishwa yiwo made kakhulu (ngokuhlobene nobukhulu bamafreyimu), ngakho awavezwa kuwo, kodwa "ageleza azungeze" isithiyo esinjengamaphethelo wefreyimu. iKhabhinethi, isakaza ngokukhululeka nakuzo zonke izinkomba. Ngakho-ke, ama-subwoofers angashiywa ngokuphephile nama-grills, inqobo nje uma ... eqinile futhi elungiswe kahle ukuze angangeni ekudlidlizeni kumafrikhwensi athile kanye namazinga evolumu aphezulu, okwenzeka ngezinye izikhathi.

Ukudluliselwa okungenantambo kuvame ukuzikhethela, kudinga ukuthengwa kwemodyuli ekhethekile, kodwa ichweba ku-subwoofer selivele lilindile.

I-Omnidirectional

Lapho sikala ama-subwoofers, asizicabangeli izici zokuqondisa, ngakho-ke asilinganisi izici zokucubungula kuma-engeli ahlukene. Kunzima ukukhuluma nge-axis lapho ukulinganisa kwenziwa khona, ngoba lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukulinganisa kwensimu eseduze - (kuze kufike lapho i-amplitude yokusebenza kwayo ivumela). Amafrikhwensi aphansi ngenxa yamaza amade amade, amakhulu kakhulu kunobukhulu be-woofer enkulu kanye ne-enclosure yayo, asakaza i-omnidirectionally (i-spherical wave), okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-subwoofer ngokujwayelekile. Ngakho-ke akunandaba ukuthi i-subwoofer ikhomba ngokuqondile kumlaleli noma kancane eceleni, ingaba ngisho nephaneli elingezansi ... Ngakho-ke asikho isidingo sokuthi "uhlose" ngokuqondile i-subwoofer endaweni yokulalela, okungasho ukuthi akunandaba ukuthi ikuphi .