Ukuqhekeka okubizayo

Yini ethanda ukugqekeza ezimotweni zesimanje? Ziningi izinto, kodwa kunezinkinga ezingaphazamisa izabelomali eziningi zasekhaya.

Isikhathi sokuphuka kwebhande

Ukusebenzisa ibhande lesikhathi esikhundleni seketango kunezinzuzo ezingenakuphikwa. Okokuqala, lesi yisixazululo esithulile, okwesibili, silula, okwesithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, kulula futhi kuyashesha ukusishintsha. Inkinga yokuqala yayiwukumelana okuphansi kokugqoka kwamabhande, okwakudingeka ashintshwe ngisho nangama-60 ayizinkulungwane. km. Njengamanje, izikhathi phakathi kokushintshwa zikhule kakhulu futhi zifinyelela ku-240 XNUMX. km. Futhi mancane kakhulu amathuba okuthi aphule ibhande ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Kodwa uma kwenzeka, imiphumela ingaba mibi.

Inkinga yebhande lesikhathi eliphukile iphathelene nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukushayisana kwezinjini, lapho i-piston ikwazi ukuhlangabezana nama-valve. Ukungqubuzana kwabo, okungcono kakhulu, kuzobangela ukuba ama-valve agobe, okubi kakhulu, kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okuphelele kwenjini.

Izindleko zokulungisa zizoncika ngokuyinhloko ezingeni lomonakalo. Ukulungiswa kwekhanda okungabizi kakhulu kuzobiza, lapho, ngaphezu kwama-valve agobile, iziqondiso ze-valve zizoshintshwa (ama-zloty angamakhulu ambalwa + ikhithi entsha yesikhathi). Kodwa i-camshaft nayo ingalimala. Ungathola ukuthi ukushintshwa kwekhanda kuyindleko ephumelelayo kakhulu. Isistimu ye-crank-piston ayihlali ilimele lapho ama-piston ehlangana nama-valve, kodwa ayishiywa ngaphandle. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungase kuvele ukuthi yonke iyunithi yamandla kufanele ishintshwe. Kuye injini, izindleko ukulungiswa kungaba isukela mayelana 2 ngisho izinkulungwane eziningana. i-zloty.

Ungakugwema kanjani ukwehluleka okubizayo ngenxa yebhande eliphukile? Okokuqala, landela njalo izincomo zokushintsha ibhande lesikhathi. Lokhu kungase kube umkhawulo wamakhilomitha noma iminyaka, ngemva kwalokho ukushintshwa kuyadingeka. Uma uthenga imoto esetshenzisiwe ngaphandle komlando wedokhumentari, kuyadingeka ukuthi ushintshe idrayivu yebhande lesikhathi. Okwesibili, ukushintshwa kufanele kunikezwe isevisi ekwazi ukuqinisekisa isevisi yokumiselela isikhathi. Okwesithathu, gwema imikhiqizo esezingeni eliphansi. Uma igaraji linesipiliyoni sokusevisa izimoto zalolu hlobo, sizothembela emikhiqizweni enconywe omakhenikha. Okwesine, gwema izimo lapho ibhande lesikhathi lingase ligxume khona, njengokushayela imoto ngokuziqhenya.

Isondo lesisindo esikabili

I-"dual-mass" edumile noma i-dual-mass flywheel iyingxenye yenjini ethinte izinkulungwane zabashayeli bedizili. Isetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezinjinini zesimanje zikadizili, kodwa nakweminye imiklamo yenjini kaphethiloli. Kungani siwasebenzisa? Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo, i-dual-mass flywheel inciphisa ukudlidliza nokudlidliza okudluliselwa phambili ekudluliselweni kuyilapho igcina isisindo esiphansi esifile. Ngakho, ivikela u-gearbox ekulimaleni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isisindo esincane sesondo sithuthukisa ukusabela ekufakweni kwegesi, ngakho-ke kunomphumela omuhle ku-dynamics yemoto.

Idizayini ye-flywheel "i-single-mass" ilula kakhulu emhlabeni - iyinsimbi enesisindo esikhethwe kahle, eboshelwe ku-crankshaft. Endabeni ye-dual-mass flywheels, umklamo uba nzima kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lezi izixuku ezimbili ezihlukaniswe isethi yeziphethu ezihlelwe kuyindilinga, futhi inani lezinto landa kakhulu. Ingxenye ebophezelekile ekuhlulekeni i-damper yokudlidliza, okungukuthi, isethi eshiwo ngenhla yeziphethu nezinto ezisebenzisanayo. Ingahluleka ngemva kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, futhi ukushintshwa kwayo akunakwenzeka. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukungqongqoza ekuqaleni, ukudlidliza, ukuthuthumela, nokungqongqoza lapho ushintsha amagiya. I-dual-mass flywheel kufanele ishintshwe ngokuphelele, futhi lokhu kuholela ezindlekweni ezengeziwe. Kuya ngemodeli yenjini, isondo ngokwalo libiza phakathi kwe-PLN 1500 kanye ne-PLN 6000. Okungeziwe kulokhu kwaba ukushintshwa kwe-clutch nomsebenzi.

Ingabe kungenzeka ukwelula impilo ye-flywheel? Yebo, kwanele ukugwema ukuqala ngokuzumayo, ukugxuma kusuka ku-clutch noma izinguquko zegiya elibushelelezi. Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ukushayela okuthambile amabanga amade kule ngxenye kungcono kakhulu kunokushayela okuguquguqukayo ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Nozzles

Namuhla, ama-injection kadizili angamayunithi ayinkimbinkimbi okufanele enze umsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Ngokuya ngomklamo noma umkhiqizi, ngezinye izikhathi akunakwenzeka ukulungisa. Ezimweni ezinjalo, umnikazi ubhekana nezindleko ezinkulu.

Iningi lezinjini zesimanje zikadizili zisebenzisa i-Common-Rail power system. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isitimela somfutho ophezulu lapho ama-injector axhunywe khona. Bangakwazi ukulawula i-electromagnetic noma i-piezoelectric. Ezangaphambili kulula ukuzilungisa, lezi zamuva zimbi nakakhulu. Ukuwohloka kwazo kubi kakhulu, njengoba abakhiqizi ngokuvamile abahleli ukuzilungisa. Ukuyofuna isethi yemibhobho emisha ye-ASO, kwesinye isikhathi ungahlangabezana nenani elingafika ku-20. PLN. Cishe eminyakeni emibili edlule, i-Denso, ekhiqiza ama-injection e-piezoelectric ezinjini zikadizili zase-Japan, yashintsha inqubomgomo yayo futhi manje usungathola ama-injection e-piezoelectric enziwe kabusha kule nkampani.

Izimpawu zama-injection agugile zingahluka. Imvamisa, ukuqala okunzima, ukungenzi lutho ngokungalingani, intuthu emnyama noma ukuzicisha kuyizimpawu ezijwayelekile zezindleko ezizayo. Intengo yokuvuselela i-injector incike ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwabo. Ezishibhe kakhulu yilezo zohlobo oludala (intwasahlobo), ukubuyiselwa enkazimulweni yazo yangaphambili kubiza cishe ama-zł angama-200 isethi ngayinye. Izijovo zamaphampu ngokusobala zibiza kakhulu, amanani aqala cishe ku-PLN 600 isethi ngayinye. Ukubuyisela ukusebenza okugcwele kwe-Common-Rail injectors ngokuvamile kubiza i-PLN 2,5-3 ayizinkulungwane. i-zloty. Nokho, khumbula ukuthi akuzona zonke izakhiwo ezingavuswa.

I-Turbocharger

I-Turbocharging isiba yinjwayelo ezinjinini zezimoto zesimanje. Cishe zonke izinjini zikadizili ezikhiqizwa namuhla, kanye nenani elandayo lezinjini zikaphethiloli, zizofakwa okungenani i-turbocharger eyodwa.

I-turbocharger ivumela umoya omningi ukuthi uphonswe kusilinda kunokuba kunjalo ngenjini eshisekelayo ngokwemvelo, kanjalo nophethiloli owengeziwe ngomjikelezo ngamunye. Umphumela uba namandla amaningi ngokususwa okuncane. Izinjini zesimanje nazo zishuniwe ukuze ijika letorque libe isicaba ngaphakathi kwebanga elisebenzisekayo le-rpm, okuholela ekuletheni amandla ngisho nokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli okukhethekile.

Ama-Turbocharger ayizingxenye zenjini ezibiza kakhulu. Lokhu kuthonywa ukuklama kwazo. Izingxenye zenziwe ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze i-rotor ikwazi ukusebenza ngesivinini esikhulu sokujikeleza, kuze kufike ku-200. rpm Lokhu kudinga ukuthambisa okulungile. Noma yikuphi ukunganaki kulokhu kuzoholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu. Izimpawu zokuguga ukusebenzisa uwoyela wenjini ngokweqile, intuthu eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ukuphelelwa amandla, noma ikhwela elikhulu lapho ukhahlela.

Inani lezinsizakalo ezibandakanyekayo ekulungiseni nasekuvuseleleni kabusha ama-turbocharger likhulu impela. Izintengo nazo zizinzile ezingeni elithile, nakuba zingahluka kuye ngomklamo. Amamodeli alula we-turbocharger ane-fixed blade geometry angafakwa ekusebenzeni ngamanani asukela ku-PLN 600 kuya ku-PLN 1200. Sikhuluma ngokuvuselelwa okuyisisekelo, okuhlanganisa ukuhlakaza i-turbine, ukuhlanza nokusebenzisa ikhithi yokulungisa. Ukuphuka okubucayi kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kweshaft noma i-turbine, kubiza phakathi kwe-PLN 1000 kanye ne-PLN 2000. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kufanelekile ukuthola ukuthi kungcono yini ukuthenga i-turbine evuselelwe (izindleko ze-PLN 1200-2000). Uma sibhekene nama-variable geometry turbocharger (VGT), izindleko zinganyuka nge-PLN 150-400 eyengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, ama-workshops akhethekile kuphela anemishini efanele okufanele abhekane nokukhanda kwabo.

Ungayinakekela kanjani i-turbocharger ukuze ihambe kahle? Impilo yesevisi ye-turbine evamile imayelana ne-200. km. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokushayela engalungile kanye nokunganakwa kokunakekelwa kunganciphisa leli mayela libe ngamamayela ayi-10 nje. km. Okokuqala, khumbula ukuthi i-turbocharger idinga ukunikezwa njalo kwamafutha ekhwalithi. Ukuguga ngokweqile kwamafutha akufanele kuvunyelwe, njengoba lokhu kuholela ekubukeni komswakama ohlelweni lokugcoba. Futhi khumbula ukushintsha izihlungi zomoya namafutha njalo. Ngokuqondene nokusebenza ngokwayo, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuvumela i-turbine "ipholile" ngemva kokugibela kanzima futhi ungayicishi injini ngokushesha. Uma sihlose ukusebenzisa wonke amandla iyunithi amandla, futhi imoto ifakwe uhlelo Qala / Stop, kungcono ukuyivala.