Idrayivu yokuhlola yeLada edumile evela e-USSR VFTS
Lawa "Zhiguli" ayeshaywe kakhulu eNtshonalanga nephupho elingafinyeleleki e-USSR, futhi namuhla bakhuthaza izizukulwane ezintsha zabagijimi. Sitshela indaba ye-VFTS bese sihlola imoto, eyaziwa nguStasis Brundza uqobo
Ngokuphikisana nayo yonke imiqondo, "ama-Classics" aseTogliatti awaboli ngobukhulu bezwe labo elinonya, kepha aqala kabusha. Minyaka yonke, ziya ngokwanda izimoto ezinemizimba ephulukisiwe neqinisiwe, izinjini eziphoqelelwe, i-chassis eguquliwe, upende wezempi nabantu abajabule kabi ngemuva kwesondo bayavela emigwaqweni. Ihlelo lezemidlalo leqiniso lakha nxazonke zemodeli, ebilokhu iphikisana nejubane nokuphathwa.
Empeleni, kunezizathu ezanele zenhloso yalokhu. Ukufaneleka kokuzuza kofuzo, ukwakheka okulula okujwayelwe inhliziyo - futhi-ke, amanani entengo ezimoto zombili ngokwazo kanye nezingxenye eziningi zokungcebeleka. Abathandi bamanje be- "anti classics" nabo baqhutshwa iphupho - kungaba elabo, noma elizuzwe ngoyise. Iphupho lokwakha i- "Zhiguli" efanayo epholile njengeLada VFTS edume futhi engafinyeleleki.
Lokhu kulungiswa manje sekutholakala kunoma ngubani, futhi izindlela zokupheka ezifakazelwe nezisebenza ngempumelelo zifunwa kwi-Intanethi ngemizuzu emihlanu. Kodwa maphakathi nawo-1980, “ama-rose” asesigwedwini sokudlulisa, izigqoko zokuhlikihla ezihlalweni kanye nemichilo "ye-antistatic" elenga phansi ku-asphalt cishe kwakuwumkhawulo wentuthuko yomshayeli wemoto olula. Izinsiza kusebenza? Kuhle uma ngabe kungasebenziseka nje.
Manje ake ucabange ukuthi i-VFTS ibukeka kanjani ngalesi sizinda. Umzimba wezemidlalo onwetshiwe, amandla angaphezu kuka-160 athathwe enjinini ecishe ibukeke - nemizuzwana engaphansi kwengu-XNUMX kuya kwikhulu! Ngisho nokulungiswa kweqiniso lokuthi kwakuyimoto yokulwa, konke kwabonakala kumnandi. Yize bekungekho ezimotweni zeZhiguli ezisheshayo, kepha bekukhona indlela ebucayi ngokwedlulele kuyo yonke imininingwane emincane kakhulu.
Lesi yisimo sonke somdali we-VFTS, umgijimi odumile waseLithuania uStasis Brundza. Ngaphezu kwejubane lakhe lemvelo elingenamibandela, wayehlala ehlukaniswa nesitayela sokubala se-aerobatics: ubuncane be-drifts, ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu nokusebenza okucabangayo ngombhalo. Umphumela waba iziqu eziyishumi zompetha womhlangano wase-USSR kanye nemiklomelo eminingana emincintiswaneni yamazwe omhlaba. Futhi ngaphandle kwemigwaqo ye-rally, uStasis uphinde waba yindoda ebabazekayo enochungechunge lwebhizinisi.
Njengoba enikeze iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yomsebenzi wakhe e-Izhevsk Automobile Plant futhi esezuze impumelelo enkulu e-Izha naseMoskvich, uBrundza wayengomunye wabokuqala ukubona ukuthi base beqala ukuphelelwa isikhathi, futhi ikusasa lingelikaZhiguli omusha. Futhi - ukuthi akufanele uthembele kochwepheshe bemboni: uma ufuna ukwenza kahle, zenzele.
I-Lithuanian ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Lithuanian ibuyela ezweni lakubo, lapho, ngesisekelo sokulungisa izimoto eVilnius, yakha indawo yokusebenzela encane yokulungiselela imishini ye-rally. Imishini yesimanje, ongoti abaqeqeshiwe kanye nomsebenzi onembile kunayo yonke imininingwane - yilokhu okuba yisihluthulelo sempumelelo. Engxenyeni yesibili yama-1970, impi "yama-kopecks" elungiselelwe nguBrundza yaqala ukuqoqa isivuno esinothile sezindebe futhi yaphenduka ibutho eliphambili lesiteleka somhlangano waseSoviet.
Isikali siyakhula: ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980, iBrundza isivele iqashe abantu abangama-50, kanti indawo yokusebenzela isiphenduka ibhizinisi elibucayi, elithola igama elithi VFTS - Vilnius Vehicle Factory. Futhi lapho kufika isikhathi sokushintsha kusuka ku- "kopecks" siye ku- "fives" esisha, iStasis ithatha isinqumo sokuthatha konke okuhlangenwe nakho okuqoqiwe futhi iyephuka.
Ama- "Zhiguli" amasha aqanjwa ngokuvumelana nezidingo zamazwe omhlaba ze- "Group B" ezidumile - akukho mingcele ekulungisweni lapho. ICrazy Audi Sport Quattro, iLancia Delta S4, iPeugeot 205 T16 nezinye izilo ze-turbo ezinamandla angaphansi kwama-600 amahhashi zaphuma lapho nje, yize iLada VFTS, empeleni, yayinesizotha kakhulu. Ukuhlelwa kwenjini yangaphambilini yakudala, idrayivu yamasondo angemuva esikhundleni sokugcwele - futhi awekho imishini ephehla ugesi: injini yahlala inesifiso semvelo futhi yagcina umthamo wefekthri wama "cubes" ayi-1600.
Kepha yacolisiswa ngokunemba kwangempela kobucwebecwebe, okwakungahambisani nomthetho wokuhambisa we-AvtoVAZ. Izingxenye zefektri zikhethwe ngokucophelela, zipholishiwe, zilinganisiwe futhi zipholishiwe futhi. I-crankshaft ne-camshafts zakhiwe kabusha, kusetshenziswa izinduku zokuxhuma ezihlanganisiwe, ama-valve enziwe nge-titanium alloy, kanye nezilinganiso zokucindezelwa ezisuka ku-8,8 kuya ku-11,5 ojwayelekile - konke kunikwe amandla yi-twin enamandla i-Weber 45-DCOE carburetors. Eqinisweni, kwakungekho into eyodwa kuyo yonke imoto engazange ithintwe yisandla samakhosi eVilnius. Iqiniso? Bangaphezu kuka-160 amahhashi efektri 69!
Vele, yonke eminye imishini nayo ishintshiwe. I-VFTS ibinokumiswa okuqinisiwe nge-geometry ehlukile, i-double front stabilizer, i-axle yangemuva eguquliwe kanye nesistimu yokukhipha ezemidlalo enezinhlobo eziningi ze-4-2-1 - kuze kwadingeka ukuthi yenze omunye umhubhe phansi ngaphansi kwepheshana lokukhipha, igijime ngokufana neyokudlulisa. Futhi kamuva izimoto zaziqhayisa ngesiteringi esifishane, u-gearbox wamakhamera anamajubane amahlanu esikhundleni sika-gearbox ojwayelekile onejubane ezine, ngisho namapaneli omzimba we-aluminium. Ngamafuphi, lawa kwakunguZhigulis apholile kunawo wonke emlandweni - futhi enye yamamodeli ezemidlalo aphumelele kakhulu e-USSR. Kwafika ezingeni lokuthi ithimba lefektri le-AvtoVAZ layeka ukuzama ukwakha uhlobo lwalo rally "abahlanu" futhi bathuthela ebuchosheni baseBrundza.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-VFTS iphenduke iphupho elingafinyeleleki nakubadlali beSoviet uqobo. Lezi zimoto bezishayelwa ama-racers akhethiwe, okungcono kakhulu kokuhamba phambili, kanti ezinye bezingenakho okwanele kuzo. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-rally "iZhiguli" iyathandwa ngabashayeli bezindiza baseNtshonalanga - amaJalimane, amaNorwegi, abaseSweden futhi ikakhulukazi abaseHungary. Imoto esheshayo, elula, elalelayo ibiza cishe ama-dollar ayizinkulungwane ezingama-20 - isenti ngamazinga obuchwepheshe bokujaha. Futhi inhlangano yaseSoviet "i-Autoexport" yanikela ngenjabulo i-VFTS phesheya, iheha imali yakwamanye amazwe kuleli.
Kuyiqiniso, eNtshonalanga ababange besemi emcimbini nama "jigs isimangaliso". Ngenxa yalokhu, awekho amakhophi okuqala asele. Imoto okuyiyo kuphela ephelele ngokuphelele isemnyuziyamu womuntu siqu waseStasis Brundza, kanti amanye amakhophi amaningi asindile angabonakala kuphela ngomaki osehokweni lokugoqa: konke okunye kugugile yi-autocross yokuxhumana, kushintshwe izikhathi eziyinkulungwane futhi kuse isimo esidabukisa ngokweqile.
Ngokuphikisana nedumela le-VFTS. Yasinda ekuweni kweSoviet Union, ngeminyaka yo-1990 eyayinezinkinga yaphinde yaqhakaza ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Kulezi zinsuku, abashisekeli bakha inqwaba yezimoto ezivame ukukopisha ukuvela kwezimoto zikaVilnius - izandiso zomzimba "eziyisikwele", i-spoiler esiguquliwe esiqwini, i-retro livery ... i- "shesnar" yesimanje futhi elula. Lezi zimoto akuseyona imidwebo ye-VFTS, kepha kunalokho ukuhlonipha, ukuhlonipha isitayela nomoya.
Kepha ikhophi olibona ezithombeni lakhiwe ngokuya okuphezulu ngokuya ngeyokuqala - ngokusho kwemibhalo efanayo yokuthambisa eyathunyelwa ku-FIA ngo-1982. Vele kunezinkululeko ezimbalwa, kepha azenzi lezi Zhiguli zithembeke kancane. Awungikholwa? Bese nali iqiniso elilodwa lakho: imoto ihlolwe mathupha, yabonwa futhi yasayinwa nguStasis Brundza uqobo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, "okuhlanu" okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kowe-1984 akubukeki kuyisilungiso nakancane. Ukuhlobisa okubomvu ezintweni ze-exhaust nokumiswa, upende oshile futhi kwesinye isikhathi oqhekekile, amadiski amasondo agugile - konke lokhu akuzona iziphambeko, kepha yi-patina yomlando eyiyo, njengokungathi imoto isinde ngempela kuleyo minyaka. Futhi lapho injini yakhe ifika empilweni, ekhwehlela ngokungahambi kahle "ngokungasebenzi" okungalingani, ngimbozwa yimizwa ekhethekile.
Ebusika, lezo carburetors ezifanayo zisusiwe lapha kwafakwa eyodwa - nayo i-Weber, kepha elula. Amandla alinganiswa esitendeni anciphile kusuka ku-163 kuya ku-135 amahhashi, kepha lokhu akuyona into enkulu: kunokwanele iqhwa neqhwa. Kepha ukuqina kulokhu kulungiswa, njengoba abadali besho, kuphakeme kakhulu - ukwenza kube lula ukushayela imoto ngokuhambisa.
Kepha noma kunjalo, impilo ezansi ayisekho. Kufanele uqhubeke ne-podgazovka, futhi uma uvula isiteji esiphezulu kusesekuseni kakhulu, i-VFTS icishe ibe nezitebele - kuzofanele ukhame i-clutch uphinde uvuse ama-revs futhi. Kepha lapho nje isivinini semoto sigijima, kuqala ingoma yenjabulo nesivinini.
I-lightweight - engaphansi kwethani - imoto iduma ngesivinini ngaphansi kwe-tenor ephezulu ye-exhaust, futhi eduze komkhawulo we-7000 rpm, kuzwakala ukubhonga okuxokozelayo ngaphansi kwe-hood, enongwe ngomsindo wensimbi. Ukumiswa kokumiswa kwasebusika ngemithombo ethambile kanye nezifutho ezishaqisayo kuqondisa kahle izigaxa zethrekhi yomhlangano weSifunda saseMoscow - noma endaweni enzima, "amahlanu" agcina ukuxhumana okugcwele nomphezulu, futhi ahlala kahle kusuka kuzindawo zokuthwebula: ukunwebeka, bushelelezi futhi ngaphandle ukubuyela kwesibili.
Naphezu kokuqondisa okujwayelekile, le moto kulula ukuyilawula: i-axle engaphambili ekhuphuke kakhulu nosizo lwe-balance. Isiteringi asidingi ukusonteka ngapha nangapha - kwanele ukusetha imoto emnyango (ngamabhuleki, ukuphikiswa kokuphikiswa, noma yini), bese igcina i-engela icishe ngokuzimela, cishe ngaphandle kokudinga ukulungiswa. Yebo, ama-engeli anesizotha - kepha lokhu akuyona inkalipho yokukhukhuleka ene- "Krasnoyarsk inversion", kepha umshini we-rally oshunelwe ikakhulu ukusebenza kahle.
Kepha yeka ukuthi i-VFTS iziphatha kanjani, ithembekile futhi iqotho ngasikhathi sinye! Ngokushesha kakhulu uthola ulimi oluvamile, ngendlela yakhe akukho ukuqamba amanga noma ukungaqondakali - kuphela ubumsulwa bemithetho ye-physics kanye nekhono elitholakala kuphela ekugijimeni izimoto ukushayela isivinini kalula. Futhi, njengoba ngithole ijubane elihle impela, ngiyaqonda ukuthi kungani amakhulu abantu basePoland nabaseHungary bencintisana empini yeZhiguli nanamuhla - akuyona nje isabelomali kuphela, kodwa futhi iyinjabulo yobusathane.
Futhi kuyajabulisa ukuthi inkolo yeVFTS, eyayicishe ibe yinsumansumane yabashayeli bezimoto baseSoviet, futhi eyiqiniso kakhulu kwabangaphandle, ekugcineni isibuyela eRussia. Ukushayela, i-rally noma izimoto zomgwaqo akubalulekile kangako. Kubalulekile ukuthi "ama-anti-classics wokulwa" adume kakhulu.
