I-Swordfish yesitayela se-Meko
Imodeli ye-frigate yezinhloso eziningi i-MEKO A-300 enesistimu yokulwa eyisibonelo. Lo mkhumbi waba yisisekelo sokuthuthukiswa komklamo womqondo we-MEKO A-300PL, okuwumongo womnikelo we-thyssenkrupp Marine.
Amasistimu kuhlelo lwe-Miecznik.
Ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari, iqembu lezintatheli zasePoland laba nethuba lokufunda mayelana nesiphakamiso sokwakhiwa kwemikhumbi yaseJalimane ephethe i-thyssenkrupp Marine Systems, elungiselelwe ukuphendula uhlelo lokwakha i-frigate ye-Polish Navy, ebizwa ngokuthi i-Miecznik. Sesibhale okuningi mayelana nohlangothi lwezobuchwepheshe lohlaka lokuqala lweplatifomu ehlongozwayo, okuyi-MEKO A-300, emakhasini ethu (WiT 10/2021 kanye no-11/2021), ngakho-ke sizokhumbula kuphela ukucabanga kwayo okuyinhloko. Sizonaka kakhulu uhlangothi lwezimboni kanye nezinkampani, kanye nemodeli yebhizinisi lokubambisana, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yesiphakamiso saseJalimane sePoland.
Isakhiwo somkhumbi esibambe i-thyssenkrupp Marine Systems GmbH (tkMS) siyingxenye ye-thyssenkrupp AG corporation. Futhi ungumnikazi we-Atlas Elektronik GmbH, umkhiqizi wezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ezikebheni ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi kolwandle. Futhi ungumsunguli wemifelandawonye efana ne-kta Naval Systems AS (tkMS, Atlas Elektronik kanye ne-Kongsberg Defense & Aerospace) ukuze kukhiqizwe izinhlelo zokulawula ukulwa ngaphansi kolwandle.
I-Frigate ye-MEKO A-300 ine "iziqhingi zokulwa" ezimbili, futhi nazo izinhlelo ezidingekayo zokusinda komkhumbi nokuqhubeka kwempi ziyanda. Kuma-superstructures amabili, izimpondo zezinhlelo ze-elekthronikhi ziyabonakala, futhi phakathi kwazo kukhona iziqhumane zemicibisholo elwa nomkhumbi kanye ne-anti-aircraft. Ukunakwa kudonselwa ezindaweni ezingemuva ezinhlangothini, ezimbozwe ngamagridi e-Faraday, akhawulela indawo esebenzayo yokuboniswa kwe-radar yalezi zindawo.
Iphothifoliyo ye-TKMS emkhakheni wemikhumbi yezinga le-frigate-class okwamanje ihlanganisa amayunithi ezinhlobo ezilandelayo: MEKO A-100MB LF (i-frigate ekhanyayo), i-MEKO A-200 (i-frigate evamile), i-MEKO A-300 (i-frigate yezinhloso eziningi) kanye ne-F125 ("expeditionary" frigate ethunywe yiDeutsche Marine). Eminyakeni engu-40 edlule, ama-frigates angu-61 kanye nezinhlobo ezingu-16 zama-corvettes kanye nokuguqulwa kwazo kwemikhumbi ye-13 yomhlaba adalwe noma akhiwe ngesisekelo semiklamo ye-TKMS. Kulawa, angama-54 asebenza njengamanje, kufaka phakathi angama-28 emazweni amahlanu e-NATO.
Ifilosofi ye-tkMS isebenzisa idizayini ezungezayo, okusho ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye olusha lwefrigate eklanywe yi-tkMS igcina okuhle kunakho konke okwandulelayo futhi yengeza amasu amasha nobuchwepheshe kanye nezici zokuklama.
I-MEKO A-300PL yeNavy
Isiphakamiso se-tkMS iphrojekthi ye-frigate ye-MEKO A-300PL, okuhlukile kwe-A-300 ehlangabezana nokuqagela kwasekuqaleni kwe-Mechnik kwesu nobuchwepheshe. I-MEKO A-300 ilandela ngokuqondile ama-frigate amathathu: i-MEKO A-200 (amayunithi angu-10 akhiwe futhi asakhiwa, uchungechunge oluthathu), i-F125 (emine eyakhelwe) kanye ne-MEKO A-100MB LF (emine isakhiwa), kanye nomklamo wayo osekelwe izici zokuklama zazo zonke. Uhlelo lwe-MEKO olusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwalo, i.e. I-MEhrzweck-KOmbination (inhlanganisela ye-multifunctional), ingumbono osuselwe ekushintsheni kwezikhali, izinto zikagesi nezinye izinto ezidingekayo ezifakwe ohlelweni lokulwa, okuhloswe ngalo ukwenza kube lula ukwenziwa kwesixazululo esiqondile sezidingo zemikhumbi enikeziwe, ukugcinwa nokunciphisa okulandelayo. izindleko zokuthenga nezokugcina.
I-frigate ye-MEKO A-300 ibonakala ngokuthi: ukufuduka okuphelele kwamathani angama-5900, ubude obuphelele obuyi-125,1 m, i-beam enkulu engu-19,25 m, uhlaka lwama-5,3 m, isivinini esiphezulu samafindo angu-27, ububanzi obungu-> 6000 nautical amamayela. Emklamweni wakhe, kwanqunywa ukuthi kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwe-CODAD (Combined Diesel And Diesel), okuyisixazululo esingabizi kakhulu sokuthola futhi esingabizi kakhulu emjikelezweni wokuphila we-frigate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igcina izinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuqina komshini futhi inomthelela omncane kusayizi nobunkimbinkimbi bomklamo we-frigate kanye nenani lamasignesha ayo aphathekayo, ikakhulukazi kumabhendi e-infrared ne-radar, njengoba kwenzeka nge-CODAG ne-CODLAG. . amasistimu wezinjini zegesi.
Isici sangaphandle esihlukanisa ukuklama kwe-MEKO A-300 "iziqhingi zokulwa", ngayinye enezinhlelo ezizimele ezidingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kweyunithi ngemva kokwehluleka kwayo. Lokhu kufaka phakathi: uhlelo lokulwa olungasasebenzi, amasistimu okukhiqiza nokusabalalisa amandla kagesi, amasistimu okuqhubela phambili, amasistimu okuvikela umonakalo, ukufudumeza, amasistimu okungenisa umoya kanye nezipholile, nezinhlelo zokuhamba.
I-MEKO A-300 frigate yakhelwe ukuthi imelane nokuqhuma kwamanzi ngenxa yokuvikela umthelela kanye nomklamo wokumelana nomthelela. Ngemuva kokuqhuma, i-frigate izohlala ihamba, ikwazi ukunyakaza nokulwa (ukuvikela emoyeni, phezulu, ngaphansi kwamanzi kanye nezinsongo ze-asymmetric). Iyunithi idizayinelwe ngokuvumelana nezinga lokungacwiliki, elihlanganisa ukugcina i-buoyancy enhle lapho noma yimaphi amagumbi amathathu aseduze omkhumbi egcwele amanzi. Enye yama-bulkheads amakhulu angangeni manzi i-double bulkhead bulkhead eqiniswe ngokukhethekile ukuze imelane futhi imunce amandla okuqhuma futhi ivimbele ukungena kwe-longitudinal ngenxa yalokho. Yakha umngcele ongaphakathi oqondile phakathi kwe-aft ne-bow "combat island" kanye nezindawo zokuvikela umonakalo oya phambili nangemuva. I-MEKO A-300 frigate nayo ifakwe izihlangu ze-ballistic.
Umkhumbi uklanywe ngokwefilosofi yeDeutsche Marine's electrical redundancy, okusho ukuthi noma yimaphi amajeneretha amabili angahluleka futhi umkhumbi usenamandla anele kagesi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile zokuhamba ngomkhumbi, ukuhamba kanye nezidingo zamandla. Amajeneretha amane atholakala ezindaweni ezimbili zikagesi, eyodwa "esiqhingini sokulwa" ngasinye. Ahlukaniswe amakhompathimenti amahlanu angangeni amanzi, okuqinisekisa izinga eliphezulu lokusinda. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa okuphelele kwesitshalo samandla esiyinhloko, i-frigate ingasebenzisa idivayisi ye-azimuth kagesi ehoxiswayo, engasetshenziswa njengenjini ye-propulsion ephuthumayo ukuze kuzuzwe isivinini esiphansi.
Umqondo "weziqhingi zokulwa" ezimbili uvumela i-MEKO A-300 frigate ukuthi igcine ukunyakaza nokunyakaza (ukunyakaza, ugesi, ukuvikelwa komonakalo) kanye nezinga elithile lamakhono okulwa (izinzwa, izinhlangano eziphezulu, umyalo, ukulawula nokuxhumana - C3 ) kwesinye seziqhingi, uma umsebenzi othile uzokhutshazwa ngenxa yokwehluleka ukulwa noma ukwehluleka kwalo msebenzi komunye. Ngakho-ke, i-frigate inezinsika ezimbili ezihlukene eziyinhloko kanye namabhulokhi e-superstructure ngayinye "iziqhingi zokulwa", ngayinye equkethe izinzwa nama-actuator, kanye nezakhi ze-C3 ukunikeza ukulawula, ukutholwa, ukulandelela nokulwa kuzo zonke izindawo ezintathu.
Umgomo oyinhloko wobuchwepheshe be-MEKO yikhono lokuhlanganisa noma iyiphi isistimu yokulwa ne-A-300 frigate, kuhlanganise nesistimu yokulawula ukulwa (CCS) evela kubahlinzeki abahlukahlukene, ngokusebenzisa ukupholisa okungajwayelekile komshini, ugesi, isignali. izixhumanisi zokuhlanganisa. Ngakho-ke, ezinhlotsheni ezingaphezu kweshumi nambili nama-subtypes ama-frigate nama-corvettes aklanywe futhi alethwa yi-TKMS eminyakeni engu-30 edlule, izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokulawula ezivela kubakhiqizi abahlukahlukene zihlanganisiwe, okuhlanganisa: I-Atlas Elektronik, i-Thales, i-Saab ne-Lockheed Martin.
Ngokohlelo lokulwa, i-MEKO A-300 frigate ikuhlomele ngokugcwele ukulawula, ukubona, ukulandelela kanye nokulwa nezinsongo ezihamba emoyeni ezithatha uhambo olude, okuhlanganisa imicibisholo ecitshwayo yamaqhinga, ebangeni elingaphezu kuka-150 km kanye nokusebenzisana namabutho asolwandle noma inkundla yenzwa edidiyelwe / ukulwa endaweni yokuvikela umoya.
Idizayini ye-MEKO A-300 yakhelwe ukuhlanganisa noma yimuphi umcibisholo ocitshwayo ovela kumkhiqizi waseNtshonalanga. Inombolo yabo ephezulu yi-16, okuyenza ibe ngelinye lamayunithi ahlome kakhulu ngobukhulu bayo.
Ukusesha imikhumbi-ngwenya, i-frigate yayifakwe: i-hull sonar, i-sonar edonswayo (i-passive nesebenzayo) kanye nezinzwa eziphuma emkhunjini, ama-frigate ahlanganiswe nenethiwekhi ye-PDO (kufika ezindizeni ezinophephela emhlane ezimbili ezifakwe ama-sonar kanye nama-sonar buoys, kufika kokubili. Amamitha angu-11 izikebhe ezingenamuntu ezine-sonar edonsayo esebenzayo, njenge-Atlas Elektronik ARCIMS). I-MEKO A-300 ifakwe ama-sonars e-Atlas Elektronik asebenza kumaza aphakathi nendawo futhi aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukusebenza ezimeni zase-Baltic.
Izikhali ze-PDO zihlanganisa: amashubhu amabili e-324-mm light torpedo, amabili e-Atlas Elektronik SeaHake Mod 533 4-mm asindayo e-torpedo, amashubhu amabili e-Atlas Elektronik SeaSpider anemigqomo emine e-anti-torpedo, amashubhu amane e-Rheinmetall MASS EM / IR anti-torpedo. amashubhu. . Amasistimu e-PDO e-MEKO A-300 frigate aguqulelwe etiyetha ye-Baltic yokusebenza. Imvelo yasogwini yalo mzimba wamanzi, kanye nezimo ze-hydrological kanye nokuba khona kokuphenduka, kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwama-sonar amafrikhwensi aphezulu kunasemikhunjini esebenza ekujuleni kolwandle.
