Indima kanye nesimiso sesenzo somjovo
Okuqukethwe
Okwesikhashana manje, umjovo esikhundleni carburetor phezu uphethiloli izinjini (carburetor, engatholakala kuzo zombili izimoto abagibeli kanye nezinjini ezincane ezimbili-stroke amasondo amabili). Okunembe kakhudlwana kuphethiloli wemitha, kuvumela ukulawula okungcono ukusha kanjalo nokusetshenziswa kwenjini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lokuqondisa uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi livumela ukuthi libe ne-athomu kangcono endaweni yokungena noma ekamelweni lokushisa (amaconsi amancane). Okokugcina, umjovo ubalulekile ezinjinini zikadizili, yingakho iphampu yomjovo yasungulwa ngumuntu onomqondo: Rudolph Diesel.
Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi komjovo oqondile kanye nomjovo ongaqondile, ngoba kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlukanisa phakathi komjovo wephuzu elilodwa kanye namaphuzu amaningi.
Uhlelo lomjovo
Nawu umdwebo womjovo wenjini yakamuva, uphethiloli ugeleza usuka ethangini uya empompini. Iphampu inikeza uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi kumzila wokugcina (ukuthola ingcindezi ephakeme nakakhulu, kuze kufike ku-2000 bar esikhundleni se-200 ngaphandle kokugcina), okubizwa ngokuthi isitimela esivamile. Ama-injection abe esevula ngesikhathi esifanele ukuze anikeze uphethiloli enjinini.
Uhlelo alunayo ngempela i-Common Rail: imininingwane eyengeziwe lapha
Chofoza lapha ukuze ubone wonke umdwebo
Sibhekene nenjini yesitimela evamile, kodwa lokhu akuhlelekile ezimotweni ezindala. Ama-Power chips awokukhohlisa ikhompuyutha ngokushintsha idatha ethunyelwe inzwa yokucindezela (inhloso ukuthola okwengeziwe)
Le 1.9 TDI ayinawo ujantshi, inepompo elinomfutho ophezulu kanye nama-unit injector (anephampu encane eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ukuze inyuse umfutho nakakhulu, inhloso iwukufinyelela ezingeni elivamile lesitimela). AbakwaVolkswagen balushiyile lolu hlelo.
Nansi iphampu eseduze (Izithombe ze-Wanu1966), yokugcina kufanele ipompe, ithathe umthamo futhi ikhiphe
Ipompo (evumela ukwakha ukucindezela) iqhutshwa ibhande, lona ngokwalo eliqhutshwa injini egijima. Nokho, ukusatshalaliswa kanye nemitha kaphethiloli kulawulwa ngogesi. Siyabonga kuVan ngalezi zithombe ezinhle.
Umsebenzi wepompo
Idrayivu kagesi isetshenziselwa ukulungisa isivinini sokungenzi lutho futhi ilungiswa ngezikulufo (kakuhle, lona umdlalo onokunemba kwengxenye yeshumi yemilimitha). I-valve ye-solenoid yangaphambili ithonya kusengaphambili umjovo: inquma ukuthi uphethiloli uzolethwa nini, kuye ngokuthi isimo senjini (izinga lokushisa, isivinini samanje, ingcindezi ku-accelerator pedal). Uma kunokuhola okuningi, ungase uzwe i-pop noma uchofoze. Ukubambezeleka kakhulu nokudla kungase kungahambisani. I-valve ye-solenoid yokuvala ivala ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli we-diesel lapho ukuvutha kucishiwe (kuyadingeka ukumisa ukunikezwa kukaphethiloli ezinjinini zedizili, ngoba zisebenza ngemodi yokuzicisha. Kuphethiloli, kwanele ukumisa ukuthungela. . Akusekho ukuvutha).
Ama-montages amaningana
Ngokusobala kukhona ukucushwa okuningana okungenzeka:
- Okokuqala, uhlelo oluvame kakhulu (ingqikithi), okuvame ukunyamalala, umjovo ongaqondile... Kubandakanya ukuthumela uphethiloli endaweni oyithathayo. Eyokugcina-ke ixubana nomoya futhi ekugcineni ingene kumasilinda lapho kuvulwa i-valve yokungena.
- In udizili, umjovo ongaqondile akubandakanyi ukuthumela uphethiloli endaweni yokungena, kodwa ngevolumu encane engena kusilinda (bona lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe)
- Theumjovo oqondile isetshenziswa kaningi, ngoba ivumela ukulawula okugcwele komjovo kaphethiloli enjinini (ukulawula injini okunembe kakhudlwana, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi, njll.). Ngaphezu kwalokho, inikeza imodi ukonga ukusebenza nge injini uphethiloli (imodi stratified). Ezinjinini zedizili, lokhu kuvumela futhi umjovo owengeziwe, osetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izihlungi zezinhlayiya (ukuvuselelwa okuvamile nokuzenzakalelayo okwenziwa yisistimu).
Omunye umehluko ukhona mayelana nomjovo ongaqondile, lezi izindlela mono et amaphuzu amaningi... Endabeni yephuzu elilodwa, kunomjovo owodwa kuphela wayo yonke inhlobonhlobo yokuthatha. Enguqulweni yamaphuzu amaningi, kunama-injection amaningi endaweni yokungena njengoba kukhona amasilinda (atholakala ngqo phambi kwe-valve yokungena ngayinye yazo).
Izinhlobo eziningana ze-nozzles
Ngokuya ngokuthi umjovo oqondile noma ongaqondile, ukwakheka kwama-injection ngokusobala ngeke kufane.
Imibhobho eqondile
Kukhona uhlobo lomjovo i-solenoid noma uthayiphe kancane i-piezoelectric. Le i-solenoid isebenza ngozibuthe omncane kagesi olawula ukudlula kukaphethiloli noma cha. v i-piezoelectric isebenza kangcono ngoba ingagijima ngokushesha futhi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Kodwa-ke, i-Bosh ihambe ibanga elide ukwenza i-solenoid isheshe futhi isebenze kahle.
Izijovo ku-INDIRECTE
Ngakho, i-injector etholakala endaweni yokungena inomumo ohlukile phezulu.
Umjovo ongaqondile
Nali injector ohlelweni umhlahlandlela, ithatha uphethiloli ngaphansi kwengcindezi futhi iwukhiphe kusilinda kuyijethi encane. Ngakho-ke, ukungcola okuncane kungababamba ... Sibhekene nemishini enembile kakhulu.
Umbhobho owodwa ngesilinda, noma 4 uma kuyi-4-cylinder.
Nawa ama-injection angu-1.5 dCi (Renault) abonwa kwiNissan Micra.
Nazi enjinini ye-HDI
Umehluko phakathi kweSistimu Ejwayelekile Yomjovo Wesitimela kanye Nephampu Yokusabalalisa?
Umjovo ovamile uqukethe ipompo yomjovo, yona ngokwayo exhunywe kumjovo ngamunye. Ngakho-ke, le futha inikeza uphethiloli kuma-injection ngaphansi kwengcindezi ... Uhlelo lwe-Common Rail lufana kakhulu, ngaphandle kokuthi kukhona i-Common Rail phakathi kwepompo yomjovo nama-injector. Lona uhlobo lwekamelo lapho kuthunyelwa khona uphethiloli, oqoqa ngaphansi kwengcindezi (sibonga ipompo). Lo jantshi uhlinzeka ngomfutho omningi womjovo, kodwa futhi ugcina lokhu kucindezela ngisho nangesivinini esikhulu (okungeke kushiwo ngepompo yokusabalalisa, elahlekelwa ijusi ngaphansi kwalezi zimo). Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe.
Pump nozzle ??
KwaVolkswagen, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bakhiphe uhlelo olusha iminyaka eminingana, kodwa lwagcina lushiywe. Esikhundleni sokuba nepompo ohlangothini olulodwa namabhomu kolunye, banquma ukuklama imibhobho ngepompo elincane. Ngakho esikhundleni sephampu emaphakathi, sinomjovo owodwa ngamunye. Ukusebenza bekukuhle, kodwa bekungekho ukugunyazwa, njengoba ukuziphatha kwenjini kuyaxaka kakhulu, kubangele ama-jerks ekusheshiseni okuthile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-nozzle ngayinye ibiza kakhulu ngoba inepompo elincane.
Kungani umjovo wekhompyutha ulawula?
Inzuzo yokulawula ama-injection ngekhompyutha ukuthi angasebenza ngendlela ehlukile kuye komongo. Ngempela, kuye ngezimo zokushisa / zomkhathi, izinga lokushisa kwenjini, i-accelerator pedal ecindezelekile, isivinini senjini (inzwa ye-TDC), njll. Umjovo ngeke wenziwe ngendlela efanayo. ... Ngakho-ke, kwakudingeka ukuthi kube nezinzwa ukuze "kuskenwe" indawo ezungezile (izinga lokushisa, inzwa ye-pedal, njll.) kanye nekhompyutha yekhompuyutha ukuze ukwazi ukulawula umjovo ngokuvumelana nayo yonke le datha.
Ukwehliswa okukhulu kokusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli
Njengomphumela oqondile wokunemba kwama-injection, akusekho "ukuchithwa" kukaphethiloli, okunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Enye inzuzo iwukuba nomzimba odonsa umoya okhiqiza amazinga okushisa apholile kunamamotho avamile ukuze asetshenziswe ngokulinganayo, okuholela emandleni nokusebenza okwengeziwe. Kodwa-ke, umjovo, ngenxa yobunzima bayo obukhulu, unemikhawulo ethile, engeyona imiphumela. Okokuqala, uphethiloli kufanele ube sezingeni elihle ukuze ungalimazi (noma yikuphi ukungcola kungabhajwa esiteshini esincane). Imbangela yokwehluleka kungase futhi kube ukucindezela okuphezulu noma ukucinana okungekuhle kwemibhobho.
Ukuze uthole inkomba: sikweleta ubunikazi benjini yokuqala yangaphakathi evuthayo enesistimu yomjovo kunjiniyela waseJalimane u-Rudolf Diesel ngo-1893. Laba bamuva abazange bathole ukwamukelwa kabanzi emkhakheni wezimoto kwaze kwaba ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ngo-1950, umFulentshi uGeorges Regembo waqala ukusungula umjovo oqondile wamafutha enjini yemoto. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nobuchwepheshe kuzovumela umjovo wemishini ukuthi ube ngogesi, okuwenza ungabizi kakhulu, uthule futhi, ngaphezu kwakho konke, usebenze kahle.
Ngenhla kunezinto ezimbalwa zomjovo, futhi ngezansi kukhona umsabalalisi womjovo kuphela, obizwa nangokuthi isitimela esivamile.
Yonke imibono nokuphendula
wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:
I-Oudia (Usuku: 2021, 09:02:21)
привет
Uthenge i-Tiguan Comfort BVM6
Njengoba i-6600 km, imoto ayinyakazi, futhi akukho lutho oluvezwa kudeshibhodi. Emuva egalaji le-Volswagen, ukuxilongwa kwekhompiyutha akuzange kuveze noma yimaphi amaphutha mayelana nemishini ye-elekthronikhi, esola ikhwalithi yedizili, lokhu kwakamuva kwashintshwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela engaba isizathu futhi ngiyabonga ??
Il J. 4 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:
(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)
Amazwana aqhubeka (51 Ã 87) >> chofoza lapha
Bhala umbono
Ucabangani ngomkhawulo we-90 kuya ku-80 km/h?
