Ukulungiswa kwemishini. imali nesithombe

Isiqubulo esithi "No more repairs" cishe saziwa kakhulu kubanikazi bezimoto abasha. Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, ikhono labo lokulungisa kalula nokushintsha, isibonelo, amalambu amarobhothi, liye lehla ngokuqhubekayo nangokungenakuvinjelwa. Izinketho zokulungisa ngaphandle kwama-workshops agunyaziwe nazo ziya ngokuya zibe nomkhawulo.

Ukukhanda okokusebenza okunjengamakhompuyutha kanye nama-smartphone namathebulethi akamuva bekulokhu kujabulisa kwabathuthukile. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva, ngisho imisebenzi kuqhathaniswa elula ezifana ukushintshwa kwebhethri yekhameraEminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abakhiqizi bavimbele into evamile nesobala ngokuphelele. Amadivayisi amaningi amasha awakwazi ukuvulwa kalula futhi ngaphandle kobungozi, futhi amabhethri axhumeke unomphela kudivayisi.

Abakhiqizi abanakuphika ukuthi okokusebenza okungaphakathi kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuthambile, nokuthi umnikazi uyaqiniseka ukuthi angakwazi ukukusingatha futhi angabangeli umonakalo owengeziwe, ongathi sína usuvele mkhulu kakhulu. ukuhlehlisa izinkinga ezihlobene newaranti nokukhululwa komkhiqizi esibophweni sokulungiswa okwenziwa abasebenzisi ngokwabo, i-electronics yesimanje ngezinye izikhathi isebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obunjalo bendawo, njengokuthi, isibonelo, kuma-TV esikrini esiyisicaba, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umdwebi ophethe i-screwdriver kanye namapliers angenza noma yini ngaphandle kokuphuka ngengozi.

Kudala, izitolo ze-RTV, lapho kwakudayiswa khona ama-TV nemisakazo, nazo zaziyizindawo zokulungisa le mishini (1). Ikhono lokuhlonza ishubhu le-vacuum ephukile noma isihluthulelo bese ubuyisela lezo zingxenye ngempumelelo laziswa futhi lenza imali ethile ngezikhathi ezithile.

1. Isitolo esidala sokukhanda izinto zikagesi

Ilungelo lokulungisa liyilungelo lomuntu elingenakugwenywa!

Ngakho konke ukubhuka mayelana nezinkinga imishini yesimanje, kunabantu abaningi abakholelwa, ngokuphambene nabakhiqizi, ukuthi ukuyilungisa (ngokuqondile, ukuzama ukuyilungisa) kuyilungelo lomuntu elingenakuphikwa. E-US, isibonelo eCalifornia, kube nomkhankaso iminyaka eminingana wokwethula umthetho ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi “Ilungelo Lokulungisa”, ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu ezoba yimfuneko kubakhiqizi be-smartphone ukunikeza amakhasimende ulwazi mayelana nezinketho zokulungisa kanye nokulungisa. izingxenye ezisele. Isifunda saseCalifornia akusona sodwa kulezi zinhlelo. Ezinye izifundazwe zase-US nazo ziyawufuna noma seziwuphasile lowo mthetho.

“UMthetho Welungelo Lokulungisa uzonikeza abathengi inkululeko yokuthi balungise izinto zabo zikagesi kanye nemishini ngokukhululekile yisitolo sokukhanda noma omunye umhlinzeki wesevisi ngokuthanda komnikazi. Lona umkhuba owawubonakala esizukulwaneni esidlule kodwa manje usuya ngokuya ungavamile emhlabeni ohlelwe ukuphelelwa yisikhathi,” usho kanje ngoNdasa wezi-2018 ngesikhathi ethula umthethosivivinywa okokuqala. USusan Thalamantes Eggman, ilungu le-California State Assembly. UMark Murray weCalifornians Against Waste naye wananela, wengeza ngokuthi abenzi be-smartphone nabasebenza ngogesi benza inzuzo "ngemvelo yethu nasezikhwameni zethu."

Ezinye izifundazwe zase-US ziqale ukwethula amalungelo okulungisa ekuqaleni kuka-2017. Kwaze kwavuka inhlangano yomphakathi "Ilungelo Lokulungisa" (2), amandla awo akhula ngokulingana ngqo nokuqina kokulwa nalo mthetho yizinkampani zobuchwepheshe, ngokuyinhloko i-Apple.

Ilungelo lokulungisa lisekelwa ngenkuthalo amanethiwekhi amakhulu okukhanda afana ne-iFixit, izitolo eziningi zokulungisa ezizimele, namaqembu okumela abathengi, okuhlanganisa ne-Electronic Frontier Foundation edumile.

2. Uphawu lokusakaza Ilungelo lokulungisa

Abakhiqizi abafuni ukuthweswa icala ngezingcweti zasekhaya

Ingxabano yokuqala yabameleli be-Apple ngokumelene nokulungiswa kwaba isikhalo ekuphepheni komsebenzisi. Ngokwale nkampani, ukwethulwa kwe "Ilungelo Lokulungisa" kudala, izigebengu ze-inthanethi kanye nabo bonke abanezinhloso ezimbi kunethiwekhi nasezinhlelweni zolwazi.

Entwasahlobo ka-2019, i-Apple yasebenzisa enye inqwaba yezingxabano ezivela kubenzi bomthetho baseCalifornia ngokumelene "nelungelo lokulungisa." Okungukuthi, abathengi bangazilimaza ngokuzama ukulungisa izinto zabo. I-California iyisifunda esinabantu abaningi, esikhulu futhi esiphumelelayo esinomthamo omkhulu wokuthengiswa kwe-Apple. Akumangalisi ukuthi u-Apple wanxenxa futhi wancenga kanzima lapho.

Kubonakala sengathi izinkampani ezilwela ilungelo lokulungisa seziyishiyile ingxabano yokuthi amathuluzi okukhanda nolwazi lwemishini eyisisekelo kuyimpahla yengqondo yenkampani ngokuvuna ukuphakamisa ukukhathazeka mayelana nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo ekhandwayo ngama-workshops azimele noma abantu abangaqeqeshiwe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi lokhu kwesaba akunasisekelo. Eminye imishini ingaba yingozi uma uzama ukuyilungisa ngokungafanele ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa okufanele nolwazi. Kusukela ezinkampanini zezimoto kuya kubakhiqizi bezinto zikagesi kuya kubakhiqizi bemishini yezolimo (uJohn Deere ungomunye walabo abakhuluma kakhulu ngokuphikisana nokulungisa), izinkampani zikhathazeka ngamacala angenzeka esikhathini esizayo uma othile ongagunyaziwe umenzi engcolisa imishini okungenzeka, ngokwesibonelo, iqhume futhi ilimaze. . umuntu.

Enye into ukuthi endabeni ye-electronics ehamba phambili kakhulu, i.e. Amadivayisi we-Appleukulungisa kunzima kakhulu. Ziqukethe izakhi eziningi ezincane, izakhi ezingatholakali kwezinye izinto zokusebenza, i-tangle yezintambo ezincane eziphula irekhodi kanye nenani elikhulu leglue (3). Insiza yokulungisa ye-iFixit eshiwo ngenhla ibinikeza imikhiqizo yakwa-Apple amaphuzu aphansi "okulungisa" iminyaka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuvimbi izinkulungwane zezitolo ezincane, ezizimele futhi, vele, ezingagunyaziwe zokulungisa izitolo ze-Apple. Leli yibhizinisi elinenzuzo ngoba imishini iyabiza, ngakho ngokuvamile kunenzuzo ukuyilungisa.

Impi isaqhubeka

Umlando womzabalazo "welungelo lokulungisa" e-United States awukapheli. NgoMeyi walo nyaka, iwebhusayithi ye-Bloomberg ishicilele ukwaziswa okubanzi, okungabikwanga nje kuphela ngemizamo yokunxenxa i-Apple, kodwa futhi Microsoft, I-Amazon i -Googleukuvimbela "Ilungelo Lokulungisa" kunguqulo engadinga izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuthi zinikeze izingxenye zangempela futhi zinikeze izinhlelo zehadiwe kubalungisi abazimele.

Impi yokulungisa umthetho manje iyaqhubeka emazweni angaphezu kwesigamu saseMelika. Isiphetho seziphakamiso zomthetho singahluka. Imithetho ishaywa endaweni eyodwa, hhayi kwenye. Izinyathelo zalolu hlobo zikhona yonke indawo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zifuna unya kakhulu.

Inkampani esebenza kakhulu i-Apple, ngezinye izikhathi ize ibe neziphakamiso ezakhayo uma kukhulunywa ngayo ilungelo lokulungisa. Isibonelo, yethule uhlelo lokulungisa oluzimele lomhlaba wonke oluklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka Abahlinzeki Besevisi Abagunyaziwe be-Apple izingxenye zoqobo, amathuluzi, iziqondiso zokulungisa nezokuxilonga ukuze kulungiswe ngaphandle kwewaranti amadivayisi we-Apple. Uhlelo lumahhala, kodwa kukhona okubanjwayo okukodwa - ukulungiswa kufanele kwenziwe ngochwepheshe be-Apple abaqinisekisiwe, okuwumgoqo ongenakunqotshwa ezitolo eziningi zokulungisa.

Yebo tycoons kwezobuchwepheshe konke kumayelana nemali. Okungaphezu kokulungisa izinto ezindala, banesithakazelo sokuyishintsha bafake izinto ezintsha kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka. Amanye ama-workshops azimele angaba namandla amancane kakhulu kule mpi, kodwa isikhathi esithile manje anomlingani onamandla - abantu nezinhlangano ezifuna ukunciphisa imfucuza futhi ngaleyo ndlela zandise izinga lokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Izimpi zangaphambili zabakhiqizi okokuqala ngqa ukuthi zingathweswa icala ngemiphumela "yokulungisa" okukhule ekhaya. Kodwa akukhona lokho kuphela. Ezinkampanini ezinomkhiqizo oqinile kanye nezinga eliphakeme eliqhubekayo lesithombe, kubalulekile ukuthi "okulungiswa kabusha" ngendlela engaphumeleli akumeli futhi akonakali isithombe somkhiqizo, esakhiwe ngezindleko ezinkulu phakathi neminyaka eminingi yomsebenzi. Ngakho-ke umzabalazo onzima kangaka, ikakhulukazi u-Apple, osekukhulunywe ngawo lapha izikhathi ezingaphezu kwesisodwa.