Ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi
8.1
Ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi kwenziwa ngezimpawu zomgwaqo, ukumakwa komgwaqo, izinsiza zomgwaqo, amarobhothi, kanye nangabalawuli bezimoto.
8.2
Izimpawu zomgwaqo ziqala ngaphezulu kokumakwa komgwaqo futhi zingaba zaphakade, zesikhashana futhi zinolwazi oluguqukayo.
Izimpawu zomgwaqo zesikhashana zifakwa kumadivayisi aphathekayo, okokusebenza komgwaqo noma afakwe ebhodini elinomlando ophuzi futhi okuhamba phambili kunezimpawu zomgwaqo ezihlala njalo.
8.2.1 Izimpawu zomgwaqo zisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nale Mithetho futhi kufanele zihambisane nezidingo zelizwe lonke.
Izimpawu zomgwaqo kufanele zibekwe ngendlela yokuthi zibonakale kahle kubasebenzisi bemigwaqo ebusuku nasemini ebusuku. Ngasikhathi sinye, izimpawu zomgwaqo akufanele zimbozwe ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye kusuka kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo nganoma yiziphi izingqinamba.
Izimpawu zomgwaqo kufanele zibonakale ebangeni okungenani elingamamitha ayi-100 ohlangothini lokuhamba futhi zingabekwa ngaphezu kwamamitha ayisithupha ngaphezu kwezinga lendlela yokuhamba.
Izimpawu zomgwaqo zifakiwe eceleni komgwaqo ohlangothini oluhambelana nesiqondiso sokuhamba. Ukwenza ngcono umbono wezimpawu zomgwaqo, zingabekwa ngaphezu kwendlela yokuhamba. Uma umgwaqo unemizila engaphezu kweyodwa yokuhamba uye kolunye uhlangothi, uphawu lomgwaqo olufakiwe eceleni komgwaqo wolayini ohambelana nalo luyaphindwa emgqeni ohlukanisayo, ngenhla komgwaqo wezimoto noma kolunye uhlangothi lomgwaqo (esimweni lapho ingekho imizila engaphezu kwemibili yomgwaqo ohlangothini oluhlukile)
Izimpawu zomgwaqo zibekwa ngendlela yokuthi imininingwane abayidluliselayo ibonwe kahle yilabo basebenzisi bomgwaqo okuhloselwe bona.
8.3
Izimpawu zesilawuli somgwaqo zibaluleke kakhulu kunezimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nezidingo zezimpawu zomgwaqo futhi ziyimpoqo.
Izimpawu zokukhanya kwethrafikhi ngaphandle kwe-flash ephuzi zibaluleke kakhulu kunezimpawu zomgwaqo eziza kuqala.
Abashayeli kanye nabahamba ngezinyawo kumele bahambisane nezinye izidingo zesiphathimandla esigunyaziwe, noma ngabe zingqubuzana nezimpawu zomgwaqo, izimpawu zomgwaqo kanye nokumaka.
8.4
Izimpawu zomgwaqo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu:
| a) | izimpawu eziyisixwayiso. Yazisa abashayeli mayelana nokusondela engxenyeni eyingozi yomgwaqo kanye nohlobo lwengozi. Ngenkathi ushayela kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokudlula ngokuphepha; | |
| b) | izimpawu ezibalulekile. Sungula ukuhleleka kwezindawo zokuhlangana, izinxephezelo zemigwaqo yezithuthi noma izingxenye zomgwaqo; | |
| c) | izimpawu zokuvimbela. Yethula noma ususe imikhawulo ethile ekuhambeni; | |
| d) | izimpawu ezibekiwe. Khombisa izinkomba eziphoqelekile zokuhamba noma uvumele ezinye izigaba zabahlanganyeli ukuthi zihambe emgwaqeni wokuhamba noma izingxenye zayo ngazinye, futhi wethule noma ukhansele eminye imikhawulo; | |
| e) | imininingwane nezimpawu zokuqondisa. Babeka noma bakhansele umbuso othile womgwaqo, futhi baazise abasebenzisi bomgwaqo mayelana nendawo yokuhlala, izinto ezahlukahlukene, izindawo lapho kusebenza khona imithetho ekhethekile; | |
| d) | izimpawu zensiza. Yazisa abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ngendawo yezinsiza kusebenza; | |
| e) | amapuleti ezimpawu zomgwaqo. Cacisa noma unciphise umphumela wezimpawu ezifakwe ngazo. |
8.5
Izimpawu zomgwaqo zihlukaniswe ngokuvundlile nangokuma mpo futhi zisetshenziswa zodwa noma zihlangene nezimpawu zomgwaqo, izidingo zazo ezigcizelelayo noma ezicacisayo.
8.5.1. Ukumakwa komgwaqo ovundlile kusungula imodi ethile nokuhleleka kokuhamba. Isetjenziswa emendweni noma ngaphezulu kwesiqhezu ngendlela yemigqa, imicibisholo, okubhaliwe, amasimboli, njll. upende noma ezinye izinto zombala ohambisanayo ngokuya ngendima 34.1 yale Mithetho.
8.5.2 Ukumakwa okumile ngendlela yemigqa emhlophe namnyama ezakhiweni zomgwaqo nakwimishini yomgwaqo kuhloselwe ukubuka okubonakalayo.
8.51 Amamaki womgwaqo asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nale Mithetho futhi kufanele ahambisane nezidingo zelizwe lonke.
Ukumakwa komgwaqo kufanele kubonakale kubasebenzisi bomgwaqo emini nasebusuku ebangeni eliqinisekisa ukuphepha kwezimoto. Ezingxenyeni zemigwaqo lapho kuba nobunzima kubahlanganyeli bezithuthi zomgwaqo ukubona ukumakwa komgwaqo (iqhwa, udaka, njll.) Noma ukumakwa komgwaqo akunakubuyiselwa, izimpawu zomgwaqo ezihambisana nokuqukethwe ziyafakwa.
8.6
Izinsiza zomgwaqo zisetshenziswa njengezindlela ezisizayo zokulawulwa kwethrafikhi.
Kufaka:
| a) | uthango nemishini ekhombisa ukukhanya ezindaweni zokwakha, ukwakhiwa kabusha nokulungiswa kwemigwaqo; |
| b) | amalambu amabhola angabaxwayisi akhanyayo afakwe emapheshaneni ahlukanisayo noma eziqhingini zethrafikhi; |
| c) | okuthunyelwe kokuqondisa okwenzelwe ukunikeza ukubonakala emaphethelweni angaphandle amahlombe nezithiyo eziyingozi ezimweni ezimbi zokubonakala. Ziboniswa ukumakwa okuqondile futhi kufanele zihlonyiswe ngezikhombisi: ngakwesokudla - bomvu, kwesobunxele - mhlophe; |
| d) | izibuko ze-convex zokwandisa ukubonakala kwabashayeli bezimoto ezidlula endaweni yokuhlangana noma enye indawo eyingozi ngokubonakala okunganele; |
| e) | imigoqo yemigwaqo emabhulohweni, eyeqayo, eyeqisayo, imigoqo nezinye izingxenye zemigwaqo eziyingozi; |
| d) | uthango labahamba ngezinyawo ezindaweni eziyingozi ngokuwela umgwaqo wokuhamba; |
| e) | ukufakwa kokumaka kwemigwaqo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonwa kwendlela abashayeli ababona ngayo umgwaqo; |
| ngu) | amadivayisi okunciphisa ngenkani isivinini semoto; |
| g) | imizila yemisindo yokwandisa ukunakwa kwabasebenzisi bemigwaqo ezigabeni eziyingozi zemigwaqo. |
8.7
Amalambu omgwaqo aklanyelwe ukulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo, anezimpawu ezikhanyayo zombala oluhlaza, ophuzi, obomvu nomhlophe okwenyanga, atholakala abheke phezulu noma phezulu. Izimpawu zethrafikhi zingaphawulwa ngomcibisholo oqinile noma we-contour (imicibisholo), nge-silhouette yomuntu ohamba ngezinyawo u-X.
Ezingeni lesiginali ebomvu yelambu lomgwaqo elinokuma okuqondile kwamasignali, ipuleti elimhlophe elinomcibisholo oluhlaza kulo lingafakwa.
8.7.1 Kumarobhothi ahlelwe kahle amasignali, isinali libomvu - ngenhla, luhlaza - ngezansi, futhi ngokuvundlile: bomvu - ngakwesobunxele, luhlaza - ngakwesokudla.
8.7.2 Izibani zethrafikhi ezinokuhleleka okuqondile kwezimpawu zingaba nesigaba esisodwa noma ezimbili ezengeziwe ezinezimpawu ngesimo somcibisholo ohlaza (imicibisholo) esisezingeni lesiginali eluhlaza.
8.7.3 Izimpawu zomgwaqo zinezincazelo ezilandelayo:
| a) | ukunyakaza kwemvume eluhlaza; |
| b) | luhlaza ngesimo somcibisholo (s) kusizinda esimnyama semvume yokuhamba kusiqondisi (izinkomba) ezibonisiwe. Isiginali esesimweni somcibisholo ohlaza (imicibisholo) engxenyeni eyengeziwe yokukhanya kwethrafikhi inencazelo efanayo. Isiginali esesimweni somcibisholo, sivumela ijika elingakwesobunxele, futhi ivumela ijika le-U, uma linganqatshelwe yizimpawu zomgwaqo. Isiginali esinjengomcibisholo oluhlaza (imicibisholo) esigabeni esingeziwe (esingeziwe), esivuliwe kanye nerobhothi eliluhlaza okotshani, sazisa umshayeli ukuthi ubaluleke kakhulu eziqondisweni ezikhonjiswe umcibisholo (imicibisholo) ngaphezu kwezimoto ezihamba zisuka kwezinye izinkomba ; |
| c) | okukhanyayo okuvumela ukuhamba okuluhlaza, kepha kwazisa ukuthi kungekudala isignali evimbela ukunyakaza izovulwa. Ukwazisa abashayeli ngesikhathi (ngemizuzwana) esisele kuze kube sekupheleni kokushisa kwesiginali eluhlaza, izibonisi zedijithali zingasetshenziswa; |
| d) | umcibisholo omnyama wentaba (imicibisholo), odwetshiwe kusiginali enkulu eluhlaza, wazisa abashayeli ngobukhona besigaba esengeziwe serobhothi futhi ukhombisa ezinye izinkomba ezivumelekile zokuhamba kunesiginali yesigaba esingeziwe; |
| e) | ophuzi - uvimbela ukunyakaza futhi uxwayisa ngoshintsho oluzayo lwezimpawu; |
| d) | isinali elikhanyayo eliphuzi noma amasiginali amabili aphuzi aphuzi avumela ukunyakaza futhi azise ngokuba khona kwempambana mgwaqo eyingozi engalawulwa noma ukuwela kwabahamba ngezinyawo; |
| e) | isinali elibomvu, kufaka phakathi elikhanyayo, noma amasignali amabili abomvu abomvu enqabela ukunyakaza. Isiginali esinjengomcibisholo oluhlaza (imicibisholo) esigabeni esingeziwe (esingeziwe), kanye nesiginali yerobhothi ephuzi noma ebomvu, yazisa umshayeli ukuthi ukunyakaza kuvunyelwe ohlangothini olukhonjisiwe, inqobo nje uma izimoto ezisuka kwezinye izinkomba zivunyelwe ukudlula ngokukhululeka; Umcibisholo oluhlaza epuletini ofakwe ezingeni lerobhothi elibomvu nokuhlelwa okuqondile kwezimpawu kuvumela ukunyakaza ohlangothini olubonisiwe lapho irobhothi elibomvu livulekile kusuka kulayini ongakwesokudla kakhulu (noma umzila ongakwesokunxele kakhulu emigwaqweni eya ngasendleleni eyodwa), inqobo nje uma kunikezwa inzuzo yethrafikhi abanye ababambiqhaza, besuka kwezinye izinkomba baye kusiginali yomgwaqo, evumela ukunyakaza; |
| ngu) | ukuhlanganiswa kwamasiginali abomvu naphuzi kuvimbela ukunyakaza futhi kwazisa ngokukhanyiswa okulandelayo kwesiginali eluhlaza; |
| g) | imicibisholo yomugqa omnyama kwizimpawu ezibomvu neziphuzi azishintshi amanani alezi zimpawu futhi yazisa ngemikhombandlela evunyelwe yokuhamba ngesiginali eluhlaza; |
| nge) | isinali elicishiwe lesigaba esingeziwe livimbela ukuhamba kusiqondiso esikhonjiswe umcibisholo waso (imicibisholo). |
8.7.4 Ukulawula ukuhamba kwezimoto emigwaqweni, emigwaqweni noma emizileni yendlela yokuhamba, ukuqondiswa kokunyakaza okungaguqulwa, amalambu omgwaqo abuyisekayo anesiginali ebomvu engu-X kanye nesiginali eluhlaza okomcibisholo okhomba phansi kuyasetshenziswa. Lezi zimpawu zivimbela noma zivumela ukunyakaza kulayini lapho zitholakala khona.
Izimpawu eziyinhloko zerobhothi elingemuva zinganezelwa ngesiginali ephuzi ngesimo somcibisholo othambekele kudiagonally ezansi, ukufakwa kwawo okuvimbela ukuhamba emzileni ophawulwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngophawu lomgwaqo 1.9 futhi kwazisa ngoshintsho kusiginali yelambu elibuyele emuva kanye nesidingo sokushintshela kulayini ohlangothini lwesokudla.
Lapho amasiginali erobhothi elihlehlayo elisenhla nomugqa ophawulwe ezinhlangothini zombili ngophawu lomgwaqo u-1.9 avaliwe, ukungena kulo mzila akuvunyelwe.
8.7.5 Ukulawula ukuhamba kwetram, kungasetshenziswa amarobhothi anezimpawu ezine zombala wenyanga emhlophe, etholakala ngohlamvu "T".
Ukunyakaza kuvunyelwe kuphela lapho isignali engezansi neyodwa noma ngaphezulu ngaphezulu zivuliwe ngasikhathi sinye, lapho ngakwesobunxele kuvumela ukunyakaza kwesobunxele, okumaphakathi - phambili phambili, kwesokudla - kwesokudla. Uma kuphela amasiginali amathathu aphezulu ekhona, ukunyakaza akuvunyelwe.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthi ugesi wethilamu ucishe noma ungasebenzi kahle, abashayeli bethilamu kufanele balandele izidingo zamarobhothi anamasiginali obomvu, ophuzi noluhlaza.
8.7.6 Ukulawula ithrafikhi ekuweleni ezingeni, amarobhothi anezimpawu ezimbili ezibomvu noma eyodwa-inyanga emhlophe namasiginali amabili abomvu asetshenzisiwe, anezincazelo ezilandelayo:
| a) | izimpawu ezibomvu ezikhanyayo zivimbela ukuhamba kwezimoto enqamula; |
| b) | isinali elikhazimulayo lenyanga emhlophe likhombisa ukuthi i-alamu iyasebenza futhi ayikwenqabeli ukuhamba kwezimoto. |
Ezinqwelweni zesitimela, ngasikhathi sinye nesinali elinqabela irobhothi, kungavulwa isignali yomsindo, eyazisa abasebenzisi bomgwaqo ngokwenqatshelwa kokuhamba lapho unqamula.
8.7.7 Uma isiginali yomgwaqo inesimo salhouette yabahamba ngezinyawo, umphumela wayo usebenza kuphela kubahamba ngezinyawo, ngenkathi isiginali eluhlaza ivumela ukunyakaza, okubomvu kuyakwenqabela.
Kwabahamba ngezinyawo abangaboni, i-alamu ezwakalayo ingenziwa isebenze ukuvumela ukunyakaza kwabahamba ngezinyawo.
8.8
Izimpawu zomlawuli. Izimpawu zesilawuli sethrafikhi yisimo somzimba wakhe, kanye nezandla zomzimba, kufaka phakathi lezo ezine-baton noma i-disc enombala obomvu, ezinencazelo elandelayo:
| a) izingalo zinwetshiwe ezinhlangothini, zehlisiwe noma ingalo yangakwesokudla igobile phambi kwesifuba: | ||
| ezinhlangothini ezingakwesobunxele nangakwesokudla - ithilamu livunyelwe ukuthi liqonde phambili, lezimoto ezingezona zesitimela - ziqonde futhi ziye kwesokudla; abahamba ngezinyawo bavunyelwe ukuwela indlela yokuhamba ngemuva ngemuva naphambi kwesifuba sesilawuli; kusukela ohlangothini lwesifuba nangemuva - ukuhamba kwazo zonke izimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo akuvunyelwe; |
| b) ingalo yangakwesokudla yelulelwe phambili: |
| ohlangothini lwesobunxele - ithilamu livunyelwe ukuhambisa ngakwesokunxele, izimoto ezingezona ezesitimela - kuzo zonke izinkomba; abahamba ngezinyawo bavunyelwe ukuwela indlela yokuhamba ngemuva ngemuva kwesilawuli sethrafikhi; kusukela ohlangothini lwesifuba - zonke izimoto zivunyelwe ukuhambisa kuphela ngakwesokudla; |
| ohlangothini lwesokunene nangemuva - ukuhamba kwazo zonke izimoto akuvunyelwe; abahamba ngezinyawo bavunyelwe ukuwela indlela yokuhamba ngemuva ngemuva kwesilawuli sethrafikhi; |
| c) ukuphakanyiswa kwesandla: zonke izimoto nabahamba ngezinyawo abavunyelwe kuzo zonke izinkomba. |
Le nduku isetshenziswa ngamaphoyisa nezikhulu zokuphepha emigwaqweni yamasosha kuphela ukulawula isiminyaminya.
Isiginali yempempe isetshenziselwa ukuheha ukunakwa kwabasebenzisi bomgwaqo.
Isilawuli somgwaqo singanikeza ezinye izimpawu eziqondakalayo kubashayeli nabahamba ngezinyawo.
8.9
Isicelo sokumisa imoto silethwa yiphoyisa lisebenzisa:
| a) | i-disc yesiginali enesiginali ebomvu noma isibonakaliso noma isandla esibonisa imoto ehambisanayo nokuma kwayo okuqhubekayo; |
| b) | kushintshiwe ekukhanyeni okukhanyayo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu noma okubomvu kuphela kanye (noma) nesiginali ekhethekile yomsindo; |
| c) | Idivaysi yesipikha; |
| d) | ibhodi ekhethekile lapho kuphawulwa khona isidingo sokumisa imoto. |
Umshayeli kufanele amise imoto endaweni ebekiwe, egcina imithetho yokuma.
8.10
Uma irobhothi (ngaphandle kwele reverse) noma isilawuli sethrafikhi sinikeza isignali evimbela ukunyakaza, abashayeli kufanele bame phambi komaka 1.12 (ulayini wokuma), uphawu lomgwaqo u-5.62, uma bengekho - akukho bude obungamamitha ayi-10 kujantshi oseduze ngaphambi kokuwela kwezinga, phambi kwerobhothi , ukuwela kwabahamba ngezinyawo, futhi uma bengekho nakuwo wonke amanye amacala - phambi kwendlela yokuhamba enqamulayo, ngaphandle kokudala izithiyo zokuhamba kwabahamba ngezinyawo.
8.11
Abashayeli okuthi uma kuvulwe isignali ephuzi noma isikhulu esigunyaziwe siphakamise isandla saso, abakwazi ukumisa imoto endaweni enikezwe esigabeni 8.10 sale Mithetho, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amabhuleki aphuthumayo, bavunyelwe ukudlulela phambili, inqobo nje uma kuqinisekiswa ukuphepha komgwaqo.
8.12
Akuvunyelwe ukufaka, ukususa, ukulimaza noma ukuvala izimpawu zomgwaqo, izindlela zobuchwepheshe zokuphathwa kwethrafikhi (ukuphazamisa umsebenzi wazo), ukubeka izingqwembe, izingqwembe, ezokukhangisa imithombo yezindaba kanye nokufaka amadivayisi angahle aphambaniswe nezimpawu nezinye izinto zokulawula umgwaqo noma angaba mandundu ukubonakala kwabo noma ukusebenza kwabo, bayabakhanga abasebenzisi bomgwaqo, baphazamise ukunaka kwabo futhi babeke engcupheni ukuphepha komgwaqo.
