Ukuvuselelwa nokulungiswa kwama-injection kadizili. Amasistimu womjovo angcono kakhulu
Okuqukethwe
Esinye sezimo eziyinhloko zokusebenza kahle kwenjini ye-diesel iyisistimu yomjovo ephumelelayo. Kanye nomakhenikha onolwazi olunzulu, sichaza amasistimu omjovo amancane nangathembekile kakhulu.
Injini iyonga amandla uma ukhuphuka umfutho womjovo kaphethiloli. Ezinjinini zikadizili, uphethiloli wedizili ujovwa egunjini elivuthayo ngomfutho ophakeme kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, uhlelo lomjovo, okungukuthi ipompo kanye nama-injection, luyingxenye ebalulekile yalezi zinjini.
Amasistimu wokujova uphethiloli ahlukahlukene ezinjini zikadizili
Amasistimu omjovo kumayunithi edizili abe nenguquko kwezobuchwepheshe kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Ngenxa yakhe, amathumba athandwayo awasabonwa njengesithiyo sokubhema. Baye baba ukonga futhi bayashesha.
Namuhla, umjovo kaphethiloli oqondile ujwayelekile ezinjinini zikadizili. Uhlelo oluvame kakhulu yi-Common Rail. Uhlelo lwasungulwa ngabakwaFiat ekuqaleni kwawo-90s, kodwa ilungelo lobunikazi ladayiselwa i-Bosch ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zokukhiqiza. Kodwa imoto yokuqala enalolu hlelo kwaba ngo-1997 i-Alfa Romeo 156 1.9 JTD.
Esimisweni sesitimela esivamile, uphethiloli uqoqwa epayipini elivamile bese usakazwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu kuma-injection. Amavalvu kuma-injection avuleka kuye ngesivinini senjini. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukwakheka okuhle kwengxube kumasilinda futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kukaphethiloli. Ngaphambi nje komjovo wangempela kaphethiloli, lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umjovo wangaphambi kokushisisa igumbi lomlilo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthungela ngokushesha kukaphethiloli nokusebenza okuthulile kweyunithi yamandla kwafinyelelwa.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlelo ze-Common Rail: ezinama-injection kagesi (okuthiwa isizukulwane se-Common Rail 2003th) kanye nama-piezoelectric injectors (okubizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesi-XNUMX). Lezi zokugcina ziyisimanjemanje, zinezingxenye ezimbalwa ezihambayo kanye nesisindo esilula. Futhi zinezikhathi zokushintsha ezimfushane futhi zivumela ukulinganisa uphethiloli okunembe kakhudlwana. Kusukela ngo-XNUMX, abakhiqizi abaningi bashintshela kubo kancane kancane. Imikhiqizo esetshenziselwa izijovo ze-solenoid ihlanganisa i-Fiat, i-Hyundai/KIA, i-Opel, i-Renault ne-Toyota. Ama-injection e-piezoelectric asetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ezinjinini ezintsha. Mercedes, PSA ukukhathazeka (umnikazi Citroen and Peugeot), VW kanye BMW.
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Esinye isisombululo sokujova uphethiloli oqondile ezinjinini zikadizili amayunithi amayunithi. Nokho, ayisasetshenziswa ezimotweni ezintsha. Ama-injection epompo avuleleke kuhlelo lwe-Common Rail, olusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi luthule. AbakwaVolkswagen, abakhuthaze lesi sixazululo, nabo abawasebenzisi.
Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, iVolkswagen nemikhiqizo ehlobene (i-Audi, SEAT, Skoda) yasebenzisa ama-unit injection. Lena i-unit injector injection system (UIS). Izingxenye eziyinhloko ziyi-mono-injection etholakala ngqo ngaphezu kwamasilinda. Umsebenzi wabo ukudala ingcindezi ephezulu (ngaphezu kuka-2000 bar) kanye nomjovo kaphethiloli wedizili.
ISIVUMELWANO
Ukuthembeka kwezinhlelo zokujova
Omakhenikha bagcizelela ukuthi kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokujova, ukwethembeka kwabo kwehlile.
- Amasistimu omjovo kadizili ophuthumayo omncane kakhulu yilawo akhululwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka noma ngisho naseminyakeni embalwa edlule, lapho into eyinhloko kwakuwumsabalalisi wephampu kaphethiloli enengcindezi ephezulu - kusho u-Marcin Geisler ovela ku-Auto-Diesel-Service wase-Kobylnica eduze kwase-Słupsk.
Isibonelo, imiphongolo ethandwayo ye-Mercedes W123 yayinomjovo ongaqondile. Zazimbalwa izingxenye ezinyakazayo, futhi umshini wawusebenza ngisho nakuphethiloli omncane. Nokho, okubi kwaba ukungasheshi kahle, ukusebenza kwenjini enomsindo nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kukadizili uma kuqhathaniswa nezitimela ezisebenza ngogesi zanamuhla.
Imiklamo emisha - enomjovo oqondile - ayinakho lokhu kushiyeka, kodwa izwela kakhulu izinga likaphethiloli. Kungakho amasistimu anama-injection kagesi engathembeki kangako kunezinhlelo ezinama-piezoelectric.
“Ziyakwazi ukumelana nophethiloli omubi. Ama-Piezoelectrics ahluleka ngokushesha lapho uthintana nophethiloli wedizili ongcolile. – kuchaza uGeisler – Izinga likadizili lingenye yezinto ezithinta ukusebenza kwalo lonke uhlelo. Uphethiloli ongcolile ongahlangabezani nezindinganiso yimbangela yenkinga.
Bheka futhi isihloko esithi Qaphela amafutha abhaphathiziweyo! Abakhwabanisi badlula amasheke eziteshini
Kukhona futhi amasistimu anemibhobho kagesi ephuka kaningi kunamanye. Kunjalo, ngokwesibonelo, kuFord Mondeo III enenjini engu-2.0 no-115 hp 130 TDCi. kanye neFord Focus I 1.8 TDCi. Womabili amasistimu asebenzisa amasistimu anegama le-Delphi.
- Imbangela yokungasebenzi kahle kwephampu yomjovo. Ngemva kokuyihlakaza, ungabona ukufakwa kwensimbi, okulimaza ama-nozzles, umshini uyachaza. - Kunzima ukusho ukuthi lokhu kuthinte izinga likaphethiloli noma ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza la maphampu bebunephutha.
Izinkinga ezifanayo zijwayelekile kwaRenault Megane II enenjini engu-1.5 dCi. Iphampu ye-Delphi nayo iyasebenza lapha, futhi ohlelweni lukaphethiloli siphinde sithole amafayili ensimbi.
I-Notoriety iphinde ihambisane nodizili wakwa-Opel, lapho kusebenza khona iphampu ye-VP44. Lezi zinjini zishayela, phakathi kwezinye, i-Opel Vectra III 2.0 DTI, Zafira I 2.0 DTI noma i-Astra II 2.0 DTI. Njengoba uGisler esho, lapho egijima cishe amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-200, ipompo iyabamba futhi idinga ukuvuselelwa.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinjini ze-HDi, ezikhiqizwe i-French concern PSA futhi zisetshenziswe e-Citroen, Peugeot, futhi kusukela ngo-2007 ezimotweni ze-Ford, zinezinkinga zokufinyelela izingxenye ezisele zangempela, i.е. Ama-injection we-Siemens.
“Imbobo enesici ingathathelwa indawo esetshenzisiwe, kodwa angisincomi lesi sixazululo, nakuba ishibhile,” kuphawula umakhenikha.
ISIVUMELWANO
Lungisa amanani
Izindleko zokulungisa uhlelo lomjovo zincike ohlotsheni lwama-injection. Ukulungiswa kwalezi zisetshenziswa zikazibuthe kagesi kubiza cishe u-PLN 500 lilinye, kuhlanganisa nokusebenza, futhi kuhlanganisa ukushintshwa kwezakhi ngazinye zomjovo.
– Lena intengo uma usebenzisa izingxenye eziyisipele zangempela. Endabeni yemishini yokunemba efana ne-injector, kungcono ukungasebenzisi ezinye izinto, kugcizelela uMarcin Geisler.
Ngakho-ke, esimweni sezinhlelo ze-Denso ezisetshenziswa ezinjini ze-Toyota, kubalulekile ukufaka esikhundleni se-injector yonke, ngoba azikho izingxenye zokuqala emakethe.
Imibhobho ye-piezoelectric ingashintshwa kuphela iyonke. Izindleko ziyi-PLN 1500 ucezu ngalunye, kuhlanganisa nabasebenzi.
- Ama-injection e-Piezoelectric ayizingxenye ezintsha futhi abakhiqizi bawo basawavikela amalungelo abo obunikazi. Kodwa lokhu kwakunjalo ngamabhomu kagesi esikhathini esidlule, ngakho ngemva kwesikhathi esithile izintengo zokulungisa ama-piezoelectrics cishe zizowa, umthombo wethu ukholelwa.
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Ukuhlanza uhlelo lomjovo, i.e. ukuvimbela
Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ngesistimu yomjovo, kufanele ihlanzwe njalo ngamalungiselelo akhethekile.
"Kufanelekile ukwenza lokhu kanye ngonyaka, isibonelo, lapho ushintsha uwoyela wenjini nezihlungi," kululeka umakhenikha.
Izindleko zale sevisi zilinganiselwa ku-PLN 350.
Wojciech Frölichowski
