Ukukhiqiza kabusha izingxenye zemoto - kunenzuzo nini? Umhlahlandlela
Ngaphezu kwezingxenye zangempela nezisele, izingxenye ezenziwe kabusha ziyatholakala emakethe yangemuva. Ungakwazi yini ukuzethemba izingxenye ezinjalo futhi kunenzuzo ukuzithenga?
Umlando wokubuyiselwa kwezingxenye zezimoto usucishe ufane nomlando wemoto uqobo. Phakathi nenkathi yokuphayona embonini yezimoto, ukukhiqiza kabusha kwakuwukuphela kwendlela yokulungisa imoto.
Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, ukwenziwa kabusha kwezingxenye zezimoto kwenziwa ikakhulukazi izingcweti nezimboni ezincane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwanakekelwa ukukhathazeka okukhulu, okuholwa abakhiqizi bezimoto nezingxenye zezimoto.
Njengamanje, ukwenziwa kabusha kwezingxenye eziyisipele kunezinhloso ezimbili: ezomnotho (ingxenye eyenziwe kabusha ishibhile kunentsha) kanye nemvelo (asilahli imvelo ngezingxenye eziphukile).
Shintshanisa izinhlelo
Isizathu sesithakazelo sokukhathazeka kwezimoto ekuvuselelweni kabusha kwezingxenye zezimoto kwakungenxa yesifiso senzuzo. Kodwa, isibonelo, iVolkswagen, ebilokhu ikhiqiza kabusha izingxenye eziyisipele kusukela ngo-1947, yaqala le nqubo ngezizathu ezingokoqobo. Ezweni elikhungethwe impi, zazingekho izinsimbi ezanele.
Namuhla, abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto, kanye nezinkampani zezingxenye ezihloniphekile, zisebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi izinhlelo zokushintshwa, i.e. ukumane uthengise izingxenye ezishibhile ngemva kokuvuselelwa, kuncike ekubuyiselweni kwengxenye esetshenzisiwe.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha izingxenye zezimoto kuyindlela abakhiqizi bezimoto abaqhudelana ngayo nabakhiqizi balokho okubizwa ngokuthi ezishintshayo. Izinkampani zigcizelela ukuthi umkhiqizo wazo uyafana nento yasembonini entsha, unewaranti efanayo, futhi ushibhile kunengxenye entsha. Ngale ndlela, abakhiqizi bezimoto bafuna ukugcina amakhasimende ayanda ukukhetha amagaraji azimele.
Bheka futhi: Uphethiloli, udizili noma igesi? Sibale ukuthi kubiza malini ukushayela
Iwaranti futhi iyisikhuthazo kumakhasimende ezinye izinkampani ezikhiqiza kabusha. Abanye babo baze basebenzise izinhlelo ezikhethekile ezikhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuthi bashintshe ingxenye egugile bafake eseyakhiwe kabusha noma bathenge esigugile bese beyithuthukisa.
Kodwa-ke, kunezimo eziningana umuntu ofuna ukuthenga ingxenye evuselelwe ngaphansi kohlelo lokushintshisana okufanele ahlangabezane nazo. Izingxenye ezizobuyiswa kufanele zithathelwe indawo umkhiqizo owenziwe kabusha (okungukuthi, izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe kufanele zihambisane nencazelo yefekthri yemoto). Kufanele futhi zingabi nasici futhi zingabi namonakalo odalwe ukuhlangana okungafanele.
Futhi, ukulimala komshini okungewona umphumela wokusebenza okuvamile kwemoto, isibonelo, ukulimala ngenxa yengozi, ukulungiswa okungahambelani nobuchwepheshe bomkhiqizi, njll., nakho akwamukeleki.
Yini engenziwa kabusha?
Izingxenye zemoto eziningi ezisetshenzisiwe zingaphansi kwenqubo yokuvuselela. Kukhona nalabo abangafaneleki ukuvuselelwa, ngoba, isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi esisodwa (izwe lokuthungela). Ezinye azivuselelwa ngenxa yesidingo sokugcina isimiso sokuphepha (isibonelo, ezinye izici zesistimu yokubhuleka).
Izingxenye zenjini kanye nezinsiza kuvame ukwakhiwa kabusha, njengamasilinda, amaphistoni, izijovo, amaphampu omjovo, izinto zokuthungela, iziqalisi, ama-alternator, ama-turbocharger. Iqembu lesibili liyizici zokumiswa nokushayela. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izingalo ze-rocker, dampers, springs, pins, tie rod ends, driveshafts, gearboxes.
Bheka futhi: I-air conditioner yemoto: ukususwa kwesikhunta kanye nokushintshwa kwesihlungi
Imfuneko eyinhloko ukuze uhlelo lusebenze ukuthi izingxenye ezibuyisiwe kufanele zilungiseke. Vuselela imihlangano ngomonakalo odalwe ukuguga kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nezingxenye ezilimele ngamandla ngenxa yokugcwala okuhlukahlukene, ukuguga kanye nezinguquko zedizayini ngenxa yoshintsho endaweni yokusebenza.
Kubiza malini?
Izingxenye ezilungisiwe zishibhe ngamaphesenti angama-30-60 kunezintsha. Konke kuncike kulesi sici (lapho kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, intengo ephezulu) kanye nomkhiqizi. Izingxenye ezakhiwe kabusha abakhiqizi bezimoto ngokuvamile zibiza ngaphezulu.
Bheka futhi: Kungani imoto ibhema kangaka? Kuyini ukushayela ngokonga?
Ukuthenga izingxenye ezikhiqizwe kabusha kukhanga ikakhulukazi kubanikazi bezimoto ezinomjovo oqondile wesitimela ojwayelekile noma izinjini zomjovo weyunithi zikadizili. Ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi balezi zinhlelo zenza kube nzima ukuzilungisa endaweni yokusebenzela. Ngokuphambene, izingxenye ezintsha zibiza kakhulu, okwenza izingxenye zenjini kadizili ezivuselelwe zaziwe kakhulu.
Izintengo ezilinganiselwe zezingxenye ezikhethiwe ezenziwe kabusha
amajeneretha: PLN 350 - 700
izindlela zokuqondisa: PLN 150-200 (ngaphandle kwe-hydraulic booster), PLN 400-700 (ene-hydraulic booster)
ukudla okulula: PLN 300-800
ama-turbocharger: PLN 2000 - 3000
ama-crankshafts: PLN 200 - 300
izingalo ze-rocker: PLN 50 - 100
ugongolo lokumiswa ngemuva: PLN 1000 - 1500
U-Ireneusz Kilinowski, Isevisi ye-Auto Centrum e-Slupsk:
- Izingxenye ezakhiwe kabusha ziyi-investment enenzuzo yomnikazi wemoto. Lezi zinhlobo zezingxenye zifinyelela kuhhafu wentengo yezintsha. Izingxenye ezakhiwe kabusha ziqinisekisiwe, ngokuvamile ngezinga elifanayo nezingxenye ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, khumbula ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bazohlonipha iwaranti kuphela lapho ingxenye eyenziwe kabusha ifakwe izitolo zokulungisa ezigunyaziwe. Iphuzu liwukuthi umenzi wengxenye ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi into ifakwe ngokuvumelana nenqubo. Izingxenye ezakhiwe kabusha zibuyiselwa kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe befekthri, kodwa futhi kukhona izingxenye ezisezingeni eliphansi ezakhiwe kabusha emakethe ezivela ezinkampanini ezingasebenzisi izindlela zasefekthri. Muva nje, abahlinzeki abaningi abavela eMpumalanga Ekude bavele.
Wojciech Frölichowski
