Ithangi lokuhlola le-TKS elino-20 mm FK-A wz. 38

Ngenxa yomfanekiso osanda kwakhiwa wethangi le-TKS ne-NKM, namuhla singababaza inguqulo ethuthuke kakhulu yethangi lokuhlola lasePoland phakathi nokwakhiwa kabusha okuhlukahlukene komlando.

Imizamo yokuhlomisa amathangi e-TK-3 kanye nakamuva e-TKS ngezikhali ezisezingeni eliphakeme kune-Hotchkiss wz. 25 yethulwa ngo-1931. Ukusetshenziswa okwakuhlosiwe kwasekuqaleni kwamathangi okuhlola e-Nkm Hotchkiss angu-13,2 mm kwagcina ngokufeyila, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuhlakazeka okukhulu kanye nokungena kwezikhali okungagculisi neze.

Ngaphezu kwezifundo zangempela zobuchwepheshe kanye ne-ballistic, izindaba zenhlangano nazo zabhekwa kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngoFebhuwari 20, 1932, ku-Directorate of Armored Weapons (DowBrPanc.) ngaphansi kwephrojekthi "Inhlangano yezikhali ezihlomile ezingeni lokulwa", lapho kwaphinde kwashiwo amathangi e-TK-3, kwaboniswa ukuthi inkampani ngayinye kufanele ihlanganise. okungenani izimoto ezi-2 3, ezihlome ngezibhamu zokulwa nethangi ezikuvumela ukuthi ulwe namathangi ezitha. Umbuzo usalokhu obala ukuthi ngabe lolu hlobo lwemoto kumele lunikezwe umphathi wophiko, lunikezwe amathimba aphethe izimoto ezinezikhali ezinkulu, uma kunjalo, ingakanani?

Inqolobane engaziwa yemishini yasePoland. Amathangi e-TK-3 anesici, nakuba engakabonakali, uphawu lweqembu/ibutho elihlomile.

Solothurn

Ngemva kokushiya i-Hotchkiss, baphendukela emikhiqizweni ye-Swiss Solohturn, ngenxa yalokho, ngo-June 1935, kwathengwa kuphela i-100-mm Solothurn S.18 (S100-20), ngaleso sikhathi eyayingenye yeziningi kakhulu. izibhamu design yesimanje ekilasini layo. Isibhamu safakwa endaweni eyindilinga eyindilinga yakudala, bese kuba semgudwini we-cardan wethangi le-TKS. Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala komhlaba, kwatholakala ukuthi isikhali sasizwela ngokweqile ekungcoleni okwabangela ukugxuma, okwathi, kwakungaqedwa ngokushesha ngenxa yamathangi okuhlola aminyene.

Isibhamu okukhulunywa ngaso safakwa ethangini le-TKS ekuqaleni kuka-1935/36, futhi ngo-February 1936 izivivinyo zokuqala zemoto zahlelwa kusetshenziswa inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yejoka. Yaziwa kubathandi bomlando, i-rocker eyisiyingi eyisici yasungulwa ngu-Eng. U-Jerzy Napierkowski ngeke abonakale kuze kube sekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Ukuhlolwa kwemishini kwenzeka ikakhulukazi endaweni yokuqeqeshwa kwezempi yase-Rembert.

Isibonelo, ukusabalala okuqondile "n.kb. I-"Solothurn" ephindaphindwayo yavivinywa ngokudubula esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa kwezingane ezisanda kuzalwa (CWPiech.) ngoMeyi 1936, kodwa ngokudubula esikhungweni samasosha. Umphumela otholwe ebangeni elingu-500 m kwaba: 0,63 m (ubude) no-0,75 m (ububanzi). Ukuze uthole ukunemba, okuhlosiwe okubonisa i-silhouette yethangi le-TK kwaxoshwa ngesivinini esingu-12 km / h. eduze komugqa oblique endaweni yesibhamu somshini esisinda kakhulu. Umphumela uthathwe njengomuhle, ngesilinganiso esingu-36% wamahithi uma kushuthwa kusuka ebangeni elihlukile.

Izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo ngokumelene nezinhloso ezihambayo lalingama-4 rds / min kuphela, okwakubhekwa njengomphumela onganele ngokuphelele. Ngokwezibalo zekhomishana, bekufanele kulindeleke ukuthi ukudubula okuqondile okungu-4-6 uma kudutshulwa endaweni okuhloswe kuyo ekuqaleni ebangeni elingu-1000 m nokusondela lapho isibhamu sihamba khona ngesivinini esingu-15-20 km/h. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kwatholakala ukuthi: Lapho udubula kwa-n.kb. ukuphindaphinda kusuka ethangini le-TK (TKS) ngenxa yobunzima bokubuka kanye nesidingo sokudubula ngezinye izikhathi ekuhambeni - ukusebenza komlilo kuzoba ngaphansi nakakhulu.

Mayelana nokungena kwezikhali, amalungu ezempi asePoland ekhomishana yokuhlola aqaphele ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwamagobolondo okubhoboza izikhali ezilula kungenzeka ukuthi kungene izikhali zokumelana okwandisiwe, ubukhulu obungama-20 mm, ukusuka ebangeni elingama-200 m nge-0 ° hit. . Ukuphawula okujwayelekile kwamasosha ethu ngezikhali esezibekwe emotweni kwakuthi: N.kb. I-Solothurn, ebekwe ethangini le-TKS, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwendawo, idinga umzamo omkhulu wokuhlehlisa mathupha umshini webhawodi; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-breech kanye nesikhali ngokuvamile kulula ukungcoliswa, okubangela inani lokujamu. Kungenzeka ukuthi izifo ezifanayo zingase zenzeke ezikhalini zanamuhla zalolu hlobo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezibhamu zesimanje zalolu hlobo, 20 mm n.kb. I-Solothurn manje inezinga eliphansi lomlilo kanye nesivinini se-muzzle, okuholela ekuhambeni kancane

ukungena kwezikhali.

Engxenyeni elandelayo ye-athikili mayelana nokuhlolwa nge-nkm/n.kb yangaphandle. okuthiwa isibhamu somshini n. km Solothurn. Asazi kahle ukuthi inguqulo ezenzakalelayo yesikhali yafika nini ePoland, nakuba ngokungangabazeki sathengwa amasosha asePoland futhi kwakungeyona indaba yemali mboleko noma uchungechunge lwemibukiso. Kuyaziwa futhi ukuthi womabili amakhophi ahlolwe ngokufana kusukela ngoMeyi 1936 endaweni yamasosha ayehloselwe wona. Ukuhlakazeka okuqondile lapho ukudubula ebangeni elingama-500 m kwakukhulu kakhulu kunokwesikhali esidutshulwe kanye. Ngomlilo owodwa, indawo ingu-1,65 x 1,31 m, ukuze kube nomlilo oqhubekayo, abathathu kuphela kubo abashaya ilitshe elilinganisa u-15 x 2 m 2 ngamagobolondo, futhi lezi kwakuyizibhamu zokuqala zochungechunge. Kwanqunywa ukuthi imodeli yokudubula eyodwa yayingcono emlilweni owodwa, kuyilapho imodeli ezenzakalelayo ichazwa ngokuthi "engalungile ngokuphelele", futhi ukuhlolwa akuzange kuthuthukise ngisho nezinga lomlilo ezingeni le-200 rounds / min.

Mayelana nokungena kwezikhali, kutholakale ukuthi iphakeme ku-n.km (isibhamu somshini) kune-n.kb (isibhamu esisodwa), kodwa kuphela uma usebenzisa amagobolondo aqinile. Nokho, ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlamvu ezilula zokubhoboza izikhali, imiphumela emibi yafinyelelwa kunange-n.kb. Izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo 200 rds / min. Ngakho-ke umbono wokugcina ngezikhali okukhulunywa ngawo wawuhlaba: (...) n.km. I-Solothurn, ngenxa yokungalungi kanye nokugula (i-jamming lapho ilayisha), ayihambisani nemisebenzi yezikhali ezihlomile.

Ukulandela ukulungiswa kwethangi (collar) ku-Swiss NKM umthethosivivinywa 1261/89 kaMeyi 18, 1936, ophathelene nomyalelo okhishwe ekuqaleni konyaka. Kulo mbhalo wekhasi elilodwa, sifunda ukuthi i-Experimental Workshops PZInż. I-F-1, ye-PLN 185,74, iqedele ukuguqulwa kwe-tank casing ye-NKM "Solothurn" ngokuqondiswa ngabamele umnyango wokuklama nobunjiniyela we-BBTechBrPanc. Ngo-February 7, 1936, i-Bureau of Technical Research of Armored Armaments yadweba umthetho olandelwayo wokuhlolwa nokuhlolwa kwe-NKM engu-20 mm "Solothurn" ebekwe ethangini le-TKS.

Lo mbhalo uthi ukuhlolwa kokudubula kwezikhali kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 5 endaweni yokuqeqesha yeCentre for Ballistic Research (CIBAL) eZelonka esimweni sezulu esinzima (inkungu, umoya onamandla, indawo yokudubula yayigcwele izihlahla). Izifundo zisebenzise ukubona okufushane, okwalungiswa ngemuva kokudubula kokuqala ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yokudubula. I-angle enkulu yokuchezuka yesikhali isethwe - 0° kwesokudla no-12° kwesokunxele. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukwehla kwe-angle yokudubula yesibhamu akuthintwanga ukufakwa kwayo, kodwa ngezingubo eziqinile zomdubuli (ijazi lezimvu), okuyinto

wakhawula ukunyakaza kwakhe.

Ikhomishana yafinyelela esiphethweni sokuthi ukunemba kwezikhali ezifakwe emathangini e-TKS kuhle kakhulu. Okuwukuphela kwe-drawback kwaba indawo yesibhamu somshini ngendlela yokuthi kwakungenakwenzeka ukutshekela isikhali kwesokudla. Imiphumela etholwe ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa e-CBBal. futhi babengcono kunokudubula kwe-CWPIech kwangaphambilini (ukudubula kusuka kusizinda samasosha aqinile kunomshini olandelwayo). Kusukela emibhalweni kwaziwa ukuthi ngo-February 1937 kwenziwa umsebenzi kanyekanye ukufaka isibhamu somshini Solothurn amathangi amadala TK (TK-3). Ukuhlomisa izimoto ezindala zomndeni wakwa-TK NKM kuyindaba ebanzi kakhulu edinga ingxoxo ehlukile, ngaphezu komlando wamathangi e-TKS.

I-Oerlikon

Izibhamu zomshini zohlobo lwe-20 mm zenkampani yaseFrance i-Oerlikon zavela ePoland ngasekuqaleni kuka-1931, lapho i-NKM yale nkampani ivivinywa endaweni yokuqeqesha yase-Rembert kanye nenganono engu-47-mm yenkampani yasePochisk. Kodwa-ke, imiphumela yokuhlolwa ayizange igculise iKhomishini Kazwelonke Yokuhlola. Ngo-1934 ngesikhathi sokuqulwa kwamacala kaJulayi eCW Piech. Imodeli ye-JLAS ihlolwe. Lapho ukudubula ngokuqhuma okufushane ebangeni elingu-1580 m, ukuhlakazeka kwakungu-58,5 m (ukujula) no-1,75 m (ububanzi), lapho kudubula isibhamu esisodwa, umphumela wawungaphezu kokuphindwe kabili okuhle. Ukunemba okuphelele kwesikhali kwakubhekwa njengokuhle uma siqhunyiswa ngokuqhuma okukodwa noma okufushane, izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo lalifika ku-120 imizuliswano / iminithi.

Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuqeqeshwa ePoland, akukho lwazi oluqoqwe mayelana nokungena nokugula, futhi izikhali zabuyiselwa embonini ye-Oerlikon. Imodeli ye-JLAS yachazwa njengenzima kakhulu, ayihlangabezani nezidingo zebutho lasePoland ngokwemigomo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, nokho, kwaphawulwa ukuthi lolu hlobo kufanele lucatshangelwe, ngokuya ngokutholakala kwenguqulo yalo yesimanje.

Okthoba 26, 1936 DowBr Panc. kanye ne-BBTechBrpanc. imemezele inhloso yayo yokuthenga isibhamu esisodwa esizenzakalelayo se-Oerlikon 20 mm esinezinhlamvu ezidingekayo (uhlamvu L.dz.3204/Tjn. Studia/36). Isizathu sesivumelwano esilindelekile, esikhonjiswe encwadini, kwakuyisifiso sokuqhathanisa isikhali okukhulunywa ngaso ne-MGM eyase yaziwa kakade yaseSwitzerland. Isampula yokuhlola yayizofakwa ethangini le-TKS futhi ihlolelwe “ukuphakama ngaphezu kwehhovisi lokuklama elifanayo. I-Solothurn. Novemba 7, DepUzbr. kubikwe ku-Armored Weapons Command ekhonjiswe yi-DowBrPanc. isikhali asiphumelelanga zonke izivivinyo zefekthri, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukuqinisekisa idatha yekhathalogi. Kulesi simo, ngenkathi ilinde ulwazi mayelana nokuphela kokuhlolwa kwezibhamu ngumenzi, ukuthengwa kwayo kwakubhekwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ulwazi mayelana nokuphakama kwe-Swiss Oerlikon phezu kwe-Solothurn lwanikezwa kumemo yakhe yango-Okthoba 24, 1936 yinhloko yoMnyango Ozimele Wokucwaninga Nokuhlola. U-Shistovsky, owathi, ohambweni lwebhizinisi, wahlangana nomqondisi we-Oerlikon plant eBern. Umnumzane kwadingeka amemezele ukuthi ijubane lokuqala le-projectile ekhiqizwa inkampani yakhe lalizoba ngu-750 m / s nokuthi umkhiqizo ophelile uzothunyelwa ukuze uhlolwe kungakapheli u-December 1, 1936. Uhlelo bekufanele luzuze ngaphezu kwezimbangi ngenxa yamandla amakhulu okungena nokunemba okudalwe isisekelo esisha. U-Rtm Szystowski uphinde wathola ulwazi ngamanani, okwamnika enye insimu ukuze aqhathanise izikhali ezinikezwayo. I-Solothurn ibiza cishe u-$13. Ama-Swiss francs, kanye ne-Oerlikon cishe inkulungwane engu-20, nakuba ummeleli wenkampani ebize izindleko ezibonisiwe ngokuthi cishe. Sengeza ukuthi esikhathini esibuyekezwayo, isilinganiso se-Swiss franc kuya ku-zloty sasisezingeni lika-1:1,6.

Encwadini yaso, lesi sikhulu sasePoland sathi: “Ngenxa yokuthi indiza yethu yathenga inganono engamamilimitha angu-20 e-Oerlikon ukuze ibekwe kuma-glider nokuthi esikhathini esingangenyanga lezi zingxenye zazizohlanganiswa eSwitzerland, kungaba kuhle ukuba unentshisekelo kulolu hlobo olusha lwe-kb p-panc. I-Orlikon mayelana nokubekwa ethangini le-TK-S.

futhi ngisho nokuyithatha njengemishini yamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo noma yamahhashi. (…) Uma bekune-CCP entsha. I-Oerlikon ibonakale ingcono kune-Solothurn futhi intengo yayo ibingeqile ngokuthengwa kwale KB. Iqiniso liwukuthi inganono ye-Oerlikon engu-20 mm yathengelwa izindiza kanye nezinhlamvu zenganono engu-20 mm ze-KB. 20mm ziyafana.

Njengoba ubona, indaba yezikhali ezinkulu zamathangi okuhlola yadlulela ngalé kobubanzi bezikhali ezihlonyiwe ezifanele futhi ngokwezinga elithile yayincike ezinqumweni zezombangazwe, hhayi neze ezobuchwepheshe noma ezempi.

Esimweni sokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zezikhali zasePoland zomklamo okuxoxwa ngawo, kuningi okushiwo kumagazini i-DowBrPanc. yango-November 16, 1936: “20 mm kb. Semiautomatic (okuzenzakalelayo) "Oerlikon" (L.dz.3386.Tjn. Studia.36), lapho uLieutenant Colonel Dipl. UStanislav Kopansky uthi unentshisekelo kuphela kulesi sikhali okukhulunywa ngaso uma kuvela ukuthi singcono kunezithwali zezikhali ze-KB ezaziwayo kakade. I-Solothurn. Isifinyezo semizamo yokuhlomisa izikhali ngezibhamu ezinkulu zaseNtshonalanga yidokhumenti ethi "Ukunwetshwa kwezikhali ezihlomile", elungiselelwe ukuxoxwa yiKomidi Lezikhali Nezisetshenziswa (KSVT).

Embhalweni ovela ku-1936, imodeli ye-Solothurn ikhonjiswe njengesondelene nezidingo zasePoland, okulinganiselwa engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu yawo wonke amathangi atholakalayo omndeni wakwa-TK. Kodwa-ke, lesi sikhundla sathathwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuvela kwemodeli entsha ye-Oerlikon, ekugcineni yabonakala ingcono kunesikhali esihlongozwe nguSolothurn. Iziphetho zokuhlolwa okwenziwe zaqinisekisa ukuthi ithangi njengeplatifomu lenza umsebenzi walo kangcono kakhulu kunesisekelo se-tricycle yakudala, iqinisekisa ukuzinza nokunemba komlilo. Umbono wokuqala wabonakala ungenele, ngakho cishe ngokushesha kwenziwa imizamo yokuthuthukisa umklamo wabo, okuzoxoxwa ngakho ngezansi.

Kwaphinde kwashiwo ukuthi: Kb. I-Solothurn iyisikhali esilwa nethangi. ngempumelelo ngokumelene namathangi e-scout, amathangi alula nezimoto ezihlomile, ngisho naphezu kwamathangi aphakathi nendawo. Ukuhlolwa kokubhoboza okwenziwe e-CWPIech. ngo Rembertov wabonisa permeability ezingeni idatha ikhathalogi ngisho ephakeme. Sikhuluma ngokugqekeza ipuleti le-25-mm ukusuka ku-500 m, elalibonakala njengezikhali ezijwayelekile zamathangi aphakathi.

Izilinganiso ezinikezwe esihlokweni zinqume izindleko zokuhlomisa kabusha ingxenye yesithathu yezimoto ze-KT ngezikhali zalolu hlobo ku-PLN 4-4,5 million. Le nombolo bekufanele ihlanganise i-125 nmi, izinhlamvu zeminyaka engu-2 yokuqeqeshwa, izinhlamvu zezinsuku eziyi-100 zokulwa, kanye nezingxenye ezibalulekile nezinye izinto. Njengoba iminyaka ezayo izobonisa, izibalo ezilungiselelwe i-KSUS zizoba nethemba elikhulu.

Okusetshenzisiwe

Ngomhla ziyisi-6 kuNovemba, 1936, i-Institute of Weapons Technology (ITU) yacela zonke izinhlangothi ezithintekayo ukuthi zivumelane ngezimfuneko okufanele zihlangabezane nesibhamu somshini esinzima kunazo zonke sasePoland. Nakuba umsebenzi wemodeli yasekhaya wawusuvele wenziwa yi-Warsaw Rifle Plant, amathuba okuthenga kwamanye amazwe ayesacatshangelwa. Yiqiniso, kuzo zombili izimo, into ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuwukuvumelanisa izinhlangano ezimbili ezihluke ngokucacile ekulindelweni, i.e. izimoto zezikhali kanye nezindiza.

Izidingo zezikhali, eziklanyelwe ukuhlomisa amathangi e-TK-3/TKS, zifaka:

• • ukudla okuvela kumagazini imijikelezo engu-8-10,
  • umlilo owodwa futhi oqhubekayo,
  • ubude bezikhali abukho ngaphezu kuka-1800 mm, ubude obusuka eksisi yokujikeleza kuye esandleni somdubuli buyi-880-900 mm,
  • ukubamba isibhamu kanye nendlela yokubamba izikhali njengeSolothurn NKM,
  • kungenzeka ukufaka esikhundleni umgqomo ensimini,
  • ukususwa kwesitolo esinqeni sesikhali,

Ngo-February 1937, inhloko ye-BBTechBrPanc. UPatrick O'Brien de Lacey noDowBrPanc. UColonel Józef Kočvara ushilo embikweni ohlanganyelwe we-KSUS ukuthi akekho noyedwa kwabaphendulile kuze kube manje n.kb. kanye n.km. ayizange ihlangabezane ngokugcwele nezimfuneko zeButho LasePoland. Kwakubhekwa kudingekile ukujwayelana nemiklamo emisha, ebonisa, ngaphezu kwe-Oerlikon yaseSwitzerland eyaziwa kakade, futhi imidondoshiya efana neFrench Hispano-Suiza (20-23 mm) noma iHotchkiss (25 mm) kanye neDanish Madsen ( 20 mm). izitshalo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isibhamu se-Bofors esingu-25 mm esihlolwe emfuleni i-Vistula asizange sishiwo lapha, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi isibhamu mhlawumbe sikhulu kakhulu ukuba singangena ku-TK/TKS encane. Izikhulu ezishiwo ngenhla zicele ukuthi izinkampani zamakhomishana ezikhulu zithunyelwe kwabashiwo ngenhla ukuze zizijwayeze izinhlobo ezintsha zezikhali, zibambe iqhaza ekudubuleni futhi zilungiselele imibiko enemininingwane lapho zibuya.

Kwakulindeleke ukuthi ukuphothulwa kokugcina komsebenzi kwenzeke ngo-January 1, 1938, ngemva kwalokho kukhethwe futhi kuthengwe izikhali ezifanele kakhulu zeButho Lezempi LasePoland. Ngokwesisekelo solwazi oluvele lukhona, izimfuneko ze-NKM yasePoland yesikhathi esizayo zachazwa kabanzi. Imvelo "yomshini" wesikhali kufanele igcizelelwe ngokukhethekile, ngoba izinketho ezibonakala kuphela ngomlilo owodwa azizange zijabulele ukuvunyelwa okukhethekile ngaleso sikhathi. Lezi zidingo ezilandelayo zibekwe emkhunjini wamathangi we-NKM:

• isisindo esiphezulu isikhali 45 kg (ekuqaleni 40-60 kg);
• izibhamu ezipholile emoyeni ezinomphongolo ohlakazeka kalula/oshintshwe;
• izinhlobo ezintathu zezinhlamvu (ukubhoboza izikhali okuvamile, ukubhoboza izikhali ze-tracer kanye nezinhlamvu ezilula zokubhoboza izikhali), ngombandela wokuthi amagobolondo ngemva kokubhodloza amashidi kufanele abe yizicucu (ukuqhuma kanye ne-sptter ngaphakathi kwepuleti);
• izinga elisebenzayo lomlilo kuze kufike ku-200-300 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenani elincane lezinhlamvu ezifakwe ethangini;
• kungenzeka umlilo owodwa, uchungechunge lwesibhamu esingu-3-5 nokuzenzakalelayo, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa i-trigger kabili;
• isivinini sokuqala esifunwayo sikhulu kunama-850 m/s;
• ikhono lokungena amapuleti zempi angu-25 mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° (emva kwalokho aguqulwa abe amapuleti ezikhali angu-20 mm nge-engeli engu-30 ° esuka ku-200 m); ikhono lokuqhuba umlilo ophumelelayo ezimotweni ezihlomile

  ukusuka ku-800 m;

• ubude bubonke, bufushane ngangokunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuqina kwethangi. Ibanga ukusuka ku-axis yokujikeleza kwemfoloko kuze kube sekupheleni kwesitoko akufanele lidlule i-900 mm;
• ukulayishwa kwezikhali: ifanele indawo ethangini le-TK ne-TKS, engafiseleki kusengaphambili;
• ukuthembeka ekusebenzeni, ikhono lokuvikela i-shutter ekungcoleni nokulayisha kabusha izikhali ngaphandle komzamo;

idizayini yangaphandle ehlinzeka ngokuhlangana okulula kokubonwayo nokufakwa kalula kwesikhali kubakaki.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wekhomishana, i-NKM eyodwa "Madsen" yathengwa, futhi umsebenzi wokuklama kwawo kwaqhutshwa yi-Polish Rifle Plant. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lomlilo, i-Air Force yathenga i-Hispano-Suiza NKM. Ngeshwa, ngenxa yokuthi ukuthengwa kwenziwa ngokucatshangwa okuyiphutha ukuthi imodeli eyodwa yezikhali ingakwazi ukwanelisa izidingo zamasosha ahamba ngezinyawo, izikhali ezihlomile kanye nezindiza, izinto zaqala ukuba yinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi izikhathi zokugcina okwakuvunyelwene ngazo zahlehliswa. Ngokuxakayo, ukubambezeleka kwaba ukusheshisa okwengeziwe komsebenzi owenziwa ezweni kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1937, kanye nethuba lokuthuthukiswa kwe-NKM FK-A ezweni.

Ngaphandle kwemvelo emisha yomsebenzi owenziwe u-Eng. U-Bolesław Jurek, i-nkm yakhe, ngokushesha wathola umusa ku-pancerniaków evela ku-DowBrPanc. Isikhali, nakuba sasingakathuthukisiwe futhi sidinga ukuthuthukiswa, sasinezinzuzo eziningi ezinkulu, enye yazo kwakuwukungena kwamapuleti ezikhali ezinogqinsi oluthile emabangeni angama-200 m ubude kunamamodeli angaphandle afanayo. I-prototype ye-NKM yasePoland yaqedwa ngoNovemba 1937 futhi yathunyelwa ukuze ihlolwe. Umlando we-Polish 20-mm MGM uxhumene ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nesiphetho samathangi okuhlola, kodwa lesi sihloko asikona mayelana nesiphetho sesibhamu ngokwaso.

Ngakho-ke, kufanele kuphawulwe kafushane ukuthi ukuhlolwa okujulile kwe-NCM yasePoland, okwathatha kusukela ngoMashi kuya kuMeyi 1938, kwafingqwa embikweni we-ITU kaJuni 21, okwakufanele ekugcineni kunqume isiphetho se-FCM kunguqulo A. NKM ukuze ihlolwe. I-oda lokuqala langempela lamakhophi angu-14 esikhali esisha lafakwa uMnyango Wokunikezela Ngezikhali (KZU; No. 100 / i.e. / Armor 84-38) ngoJulayi 39, nezinsuku zokulethwa kweqoqo lika-1938 ngoMeyi ngonyaka ozayo. . Ikhulu lesibili, elayala ngo-July 1939, lalizolethwa ebuthweni ngaphambi kwezinsuku zokugcina zikaMay 1940.

Ngokuqondene nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali emathangini e-TK, kwaphinde kwatholakala ukuthi imodeli yasePoland ifaneleka kangcono le njongo kunamamodeli angaphandle, njengoba ihlangabezana nenani lezidingo ze-WP zokufaka ama-optics, i-trigger kanye nesimo sejoka. Inzuzo engangabazeki yesikhali yayiyikhono lokushintsha umphongolo ngaphandle kokuhlakaza yonke i-NKM ngaphambili. I-breech block yasebenza kalula kakhulu kunama-analogue angaphandle, futhi ukuhlakazwa nokuhlanza isikhali (ngisho nalapho sikhishwe ngokuphelele ethangini) akuzange kube nezinkinga ezinkulu zesevisi. Mayelana nokusebenza kahle komlilo, imiphumela yokudubula kwebanga ibonise ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, yonke isibhamu sesithathu esivela kusibhamu sethangi sinembile, ngisho nalapho kudubula into ehambayo (ukuqhuma okufushane / umlilo owodwa).

Elinye ithangi le-TKS elihlonzwe ngokwengxenye elinesibhamu esikhulu kunazo zonke, elathwebula izithombe izikhathi eziningana kwelinye lamapulazi lapho uphiko lwezempi lwaseJalimane lusetshenziswa khona.

Sengeza ukuthi isibhamu somshini ngasinye esisinda kakhulu esakhiwe yi-FK ngoJulayi 1938, isethi yomagazini abayizindingilizi ezinhlanu kwa-odwa ekuqaleni, kuyilapho izinguqulo ze-5- kanye ne-4-round (i-cartridge) nazo zivunyelwe ukuhlolwa. Ngokuphambene nolwazi lwabanye ababhali besimanje, inguqulo entsha ye-TKS ene-NKM yayifakwe i-15, hhayi i-16, izitolo zemizuliswano emihlanu. Sekukonke, ithangi lathwala izibhamu ezingama-15, ingxenye yomthwalo wezinhlamvu ogunyaziwe. Uxhaso lwanyanga zonke lwezinhlamvu beluzoba imizuliswano engu-80 kumkhumbi wamathangi we-FK-A. Ukuze siqhathanise, sikhumbula ukuthi ithangi le-5000TR, elathathwa njengomlandeli we-TKS, bekufanele liqukathe isitokwe samashothi angama-4-200. Intengo ye-cartridge yayiphezulu futhi yafinyelela ku-250 zł. Ukuze uqhathanise: 15 mm Bofors wz. I-37 ibiza cishe ama-PLN angama-36. Ngenxa yobukhulu besikhali, i-ammo rack eyayingemuva kwesihlalo somshayeli yasuswa, yabuyiselwa emuva.

Ukubekwa kwezinhlamvu ngaphakathi kwethangi lesimanje labantu ababili kwanqunywa ngokuphelele ukuqina okukhona futhi, ngokweziphetho zombhali, kwaba kanje: Izitolo ezi-2 ezindaweni ezine kwesokudla se-fender ngaphakathi kwethangi, izitolo eziyi-9 ethangini. ngemuva ngakwesokudla epuleti le-superstructure ethambekele, isitolo esingu-1 ohlangothini lwesobunxele endaweni eyehlayo yesakhiwo esikhulu kanye nesitolo esingu-1 ezindaweni ezintathu ezikhala phakathi kwenjini nebhokisi likagiya kanye nesihlalo sesibhamu.