Ithangi le-Reconnaissance T-II "Lux"
Ithangi le-Reconnaissance T-II "Lux"Pz.Kpfw. II Ausf. L 'Luchs' (Sd.Kfz.123)
Isikhumba sethangi senziwa ngaphandle kokuthambekela okunengqondo kwamapuleti ezikhali. Isibhamu esizenzakalelayo esingu-20-mm esinobude bomgqomo obungama-calibers angama-55 sifakwe ku-turret enezici eziningi kusetshenziswa imaski eyi-cylindrical. I-flamethrower ezishayelayo (imoto ekhethekile 122) nayo yakhiqizwa ngesisekelo saleli thangi. Ithangi le-Lux bekuyimoto yokuhlola ephumelela ngesivinini esiphezulu enekhono elihle lokuphuma emgwaqeni, kodwa ngenxa yezikhali nezikhali ezimbi, lalinamandla okulwa alinganiselwe. Ithangi lakhiqizwa kusukela ngoSepthemba 1943 kuya kuJanuwari 1944. Sekukonke, amathangi ayi-100 akhiqizwa, asetshenziswa ezingxenyeni zokuhlola amathangi ethangini kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezimoto.
NgoJulayi 1934, "Waffenamt" (umnyango wezikhali) wakhipha umyalo wokwakhiwa kwemoto yezikhali ehlome inganono engu-20 mm othomathikhi enesisindo samathani ayi-10. Ekuqaleni kuka-1935, amafemu amaningi, kuhlanganise no-Krupp AG, MAN (chassis kuphela), i-Henschel & Son (chassis kuphela) kanye no-Daimler-Benz, bethula ama-prototypes e-Landwirtschaftlicher Schlepper 100 (LaS 100) - ugandaganda wezolimo. Ama-prototypes emishini yezolimo ayehloselwe ukuhlolwa kwezempi. Lo gandaganda waziwa ngaphansi kwamagama 2 cm MG "Panzerwagen" futhi (VK 6222) (Versuchkraftfahrzeug 622). Ugandaganda, owaziwa nangokuthi ithangi elikhanyayo le-Panzerkampfwagen, wawuklanyelwe ukuhambisana nethangi le-Panzerkampfwagen I njengemoto ehlome kakhulu ekwazi ukudubula ukubhoboza izikhali namagobolondo ashisayo. U-Krupp ube ngowokuqala ukwethula i-prototype. Imoto bekuyinguqulo ekhulisiwe yethangi le-LKA I (isibonelo sethangi le-Krupp Panzerkampfwagen I) elinezikhali ezithuthukisiwe. Umshini we-Krupp awuhambisani nekhasimende. Ukukhetha kwenziwe kwavuna i-chassis eyakhiwe yi-MAN kanye nomzimba we-Daimler-Benz. Ngo-Okthoba 1935, i-prototype yokuqala, eyenziwe hhayi ngezikhali, kodwa kusukela ensimbi yesakhiwo, yahlolwa. I-Waffenamt yayala amathangi ayishumi e-LaS 100. Kusukela ekupheleni kuka-1935 kuya ku-May 1936, i-MAN yagcwalisa umyalo ngokuletha izimoto eziyishumi ezidingekayo.
I-prototype yethangi i-LaS 100 eqinile "Krupp" - LKA 2 Kamuva bathola igama elithi Ausf.al. Ithangi elithi "Panzerkampfwagen" II (Sd.Kfz.121) lalilikhulu kune-"Panzerkampfwagen" I, kodwa lahlala liyimoto elula, eklanyelwe kakhulu ukuqeqesha amathangi kunemisebenzi yokulwa. Kubhekwe njengohlobo olumaphakathi okulindeleke ukuthi kungenelwe isevisi yamathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen III kanye ne-Panzerkampfwagen IV. NjengePanzerkampfwagen I, i-Panzerkampfwagen II ayizange ibe namandla aphezulu okulwa, nakuba kwakuyithangi eliyinhloko le-Panzerwaffe ngo-1940-1941. Ubuthakathaka ngokombono womshini wezempi, noma kunjalo, kwakuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokwakhiwa kwamathangi anamandla. Ezandleni ezinhle, ithangi elikhanyayo laliyimoto yokuhlola ephumelelayo. Njengamanye amathangi, i-chassis yethangi le-Panzerkampfwagen II yasebenza njengesisekelo sokuguqulwa okuningi, okuhlanganisa i-Marder II echitha ithangi, i-Vespe self-propelled howitzer, i-Fiammpanzer II Flamingo (Pz.Kpf.II(F))) ithangi le-flamethrower, ithangi le-amphibious kanye nezikhali ezizishayelayo "Sturmpanzer" II "Bison".
Incazelo Izikhali zethangi lePanzerkampfwagen II zazibhekwa njengezibuthakathaka kakhulu, azizange zivikele ngisho nezicucu nezinhlamvu. I-Armament, inganono engu-20-mm, ibithathwa njengeyanele ngesikhathi imoto iqala ukusebenza, kodwa yasheshe yaphelelwa yisikhathi. Amagobolondo alesi sibhamu ayekwazi ukushaya kuphela okuhlosiwe okujwayelekile, okungahlosiwe. Ngemva kokuwa kweFrance, kwafundwa indaba yokuhlomisa amathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen II ngezibhamu ze-French 37 mm SA38, kodwa izinto azihambanga ngalé kokuhlolwa. Amathangi "Panzerkampfwagen" Ausf.A / I-Ausf.F ayehlome ngezibhamu ezizenzakalelayo KwK30 L / 55, ezakhiwe ngesisekelo sesibhamu se-anti-aircraft ye-FlaK30. Izinga lomlilo wesibhamu se-KwK30 L / 55 lalingama-280 ngomzuzu. Isibhamu somshini i-Rheinmetall-Borzing MG-34 7,92 mm sibhangqwe nenganono. Isibhamu sasifakwe kumaski kwesokunxele, isibhamu somshini kwesokudla.
Isibhamu sinikezwe izinketho ezahlukene ze-TZF4 optical sight. Ezinguqukweni zakuqala, kwakukhona i-hatch yomphathi ophahleni lwe-turret, eyathathelwa indawo yi-turret ezinguqulweni zakamuva. I-turret ngokwayo isuka kwesokunxele isihlobo ku-axis longitudinal ye-hull. Ekamelweni lokulwa, amagobolondo angu-180 abekwe iziqeshana zezingcezu ezingu-10 ngalinye kanye nama-cartridges angu-2250 esibhamu somshini (amateyipu angu-17 emabhokisini). Amanye amathangi ayefakwe iziqhumane zamabhomu entuthu. Izisebenzi zethangi "Panzerkampfwagen" II zazihlanganisa abantu abathathu: umkhuzi/umdubuli, umlayishi/umqhubi womsakazo kanye nomshayeli. Umkhuzi wayehlezi embhoshongweni, umlayishi wema phansi endaweni yokulwa. Ukuxhumana phakathi komkhuzi nomshayeli kwakwenziwa ngeshubhu lokukhuluma. Imishini yomsakazo yayihlanganisa isamukeli se-FuG5 VHF kanye nesidluliseli esingu-10-watt. Ukuba khona kwesiteshi somsakazo kwanikeza umkhumbi wamathangi waseJalimane ithuba elihle lokudlula isitha. Eyokuqala "embili" yayinengxenye engaphambili eyindilinga yesikebhe, ezimotweni zakamuva amapuleti ezikhali angaphezulu naphansi enza i-engeli engama-degree angama-70. Umthamo wethangi legesi lamathangi okuqala wawungama-200 amalitha, aqala ngokuguqulwa kwe-Ausf.F, kwafakwa amathangi anamandla amalitha ayi-170. Amathangi abheke eNyakatho Afrika afakwe izihlungi nabalandeli, isifinyezo esithi "Tr" (tropical) sanezelwa ekuqokweni kwabo. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, "ezimbili" eziningi zaqedwa, futhi ikakhulukazi, ukuvikelwa okwengeziwe kwezikhali kwafakwa kuzo.
Ukuguqulwa kokugcina kwethangi "Panzerkamprwagen" II kwakuyi "Lux" - "Panzerkampfwagen" II Auf.L (VK 1303, Sd.Kfz.123). Leli thangi lokuqaphela ukukhanya lakhiqizwa izimboni ze-MAN kanye ne-Henschel (ngenani elincane) kusukela ngo-September 1943 kuya ku-January 1944. Kwakuhlelwe ukukhiqiza izimoto ezingu-800, kodwa kwakhiwa ezingu-104 kuphela (idatha nayo inikezwa ngamathangi angu-153 akhiwe), izinombolo ze-chassis 200101-200200. Inkampani ye-MAN yayibhekele ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hull, i-hull kanye ne-turret superstructures kwakuyinkampani ye-Daimler-Benz. "I-Lux" yayiwukuthuthukiswa kwethangi le-VK 901 (Ausf.G) futhi ihluke kumanduleli wayo ku-hull yesimanje kanye ne-chassis. Ithangi lalifakwe injini engu-6-cylinder Maybach HL66P kanye nogesi we-ZF Aphon SSG48. Isisindo ithangi kwaba amathani 13. Cruising emgwaqeni onguthelawayeka - 290 km. Izisebenzi zethangi zingabantu abane: umkhuzi, umdubuli, umqhubi womsakazo nomshayeli. Imishini yomsakazo ibihlanganisa isamukeli se-FuG12 MW kanye nesidluliseli esingu-80W. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabasebenzi bekwenziwa nge-intercom yethangi.
Amathangi okukhanya okukhanyayo "Lux" asebenza kokubili eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga njengengxenye yamayunithi okuhlola ahlomile we-Wehrmacht kanye namasosha e-SS. Amathangi ayehloselwe ukuthunyelwa e-Eastern Front athola izikhali zangaphambili ezengeziwe. Inani elincane lezimoto lalifakwe imishini yomsakazo eyengeziwe. Kwakuhlelelwe ukuhlomisa amathangi e-Luks ngezinganono ezingama-50 mm KWK39 L/60 (izikhali ezijwayelekile zethangi le-VK 1602 Leopard), kodwa okuhlukile kuphela ngenganono engu-20 mm KWK38 L/55 enezinga lomlilo elingu-420-480. imizuliswano ngomzuzu yenziwe. Isibhamu sasinombono obonakalayo we-TZF6. Kukhona ulwazi, okuyinto, nokho, hhayi ebhaliwe, ukuthi 31 Lux amathangi nokho athole 50-mm Kwk39 L / 60 izibhamu. Ukwakhiwa kwezimoto zokuphuma ezihlomile "Bergepanzer Luchs" bekufanele, kodwa akukho neyodwa i-ARV enjalo eyakhiwe. Futhi, iphrojekthi yesibhamu esizimele esilwa nendiza esekelwe ku-chassis enwetshiwe yethangi le-Luks ayizange isetshenziswe. I-VK 1305. I-ZSU bekufanele ihlome ngesibhamu esisodwa se-20-mm noma i-37-mm Flak37 anti-aircraft.
Ukuxhashazwa. "Ababili" baqala ukungena amasosha entwasahlobo ka-1936 futhi bahlala enkonzweni namayunithi aseJalimane omugqa wokuqala kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kuka-1942. Kodwa-ke, kubhekwa ngokusemthethweni ukuthi i-Anschluss yase-Austria kanye nokuhlala kweCzechoslovakia kwaba yizimo zokuqala zokusebenzisa amathangi. Njengethangi lempi eliyinhloko, "ababili" babamba iqhaza emkhankasweni wasePoland ka-September 1939. Ngemva kokuhlelwa kabusha ngo-1940-1941. I-Panzerwaffe, amathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen II angena enkonzweni ngamayunithi okuhlola, nakuba aqhubeka esetshenziswa njengamathangi empi ayinhloko. Iningi lezimoto zahoxiswa kumayunithi ngo-1942, nakuba amathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen II ahlangana nawo ngaphambili ngo-1943. Ukubonakala "kokubili" enkundleni yempi kwaphawulwa ngo-1944, ngesikhathi sokufika kwe-Allied eNormandy, ngisho nango-1945 (ngo-1945, "ababili" abangu-145 babesenkonzweni).
Amathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen II angu-1223 abambe iqhaza empini nePoland, ngaleso sikhathi "amabili" ayemaningi kakhulu e-panzerwaf. EPoland, amasosha aseJalimane alahlekelwa amathangi angama-83 ePanzerkampfwagen II. 32 kubo - ezimpini ezitaladini zaseWarsaw. Zingu-18 kuphela izimoto ezabamba iqhaza ekuthathweni kweNorway. 920 "ababili" base belungele ukubamba iqhaza ku-blitzkrieg eNtshonalanga. Ekuhlaselweni kwamasosha aseJalimane eBalkan, amathangi angama-260 ahilelekile. Ukubamba iqhaza ku-Operation Barbarossa, kwanikezwa amathangi angama-782, inani elikhulu lawo laba izisulu zamathangi nezikhali zaseSoviet. Amathangi e-Panzerkampfwagen II asetshenziswa eNyakatho Afrika kwaze kwaba yilapho kunikelwa izingxenye ze-Africa Corps ngo-1943. Izenzo zalaba "ababili" eNyakatho ne-Afrika zaba yimpumelelo kakhulu ngenxa yemvelo eguquguqukayo yezingxabano kanye nobuthakathaka bezikhali zokulwa nethangi lesitha. Amathangi angama-381 kuphela abambe iqhaza ekuhlaseleni kwehlobo kwamasosha aseJalimane e-Eastern Front.
Ku-Operation Citadel, ngisho nangaphansi kwalokho. 107 amathangi. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1, 1944, amabutho ahlomile aseJalimane ayenamathangi angama-386 ePanzerkampfwagen II. Amathangi "Panzerkampfwagen" II nawo asebenza namabutho amazwe ahlangene neJalimane: iSlovakia, iBulgaria, iRomania neHungary. Njengamanje, amathangi ePanzerkampfwagen II Lux angabonwa eBritish Tank Museum eBovington, eMnyuziyamu iMunster eJalimane, eMnyuziyamu waseBelgrade nase-Aberdeen Proving Ground Museum e-USA, eFrench Tank Museum eSamyur, ithangi elilodwa likhona. eRussia in Kubinka. Izici Tactical kanye lobuchwepheshe ithangi "Lux"
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Ukwakhiwa kwethangi kwaqalwa ngu-MAN ngo-1939 ukuze athathe indawo yethangi le-T-II. Ngo-September 1943, ithangi elisha lafakwa ekukhiqizeni ngobuningi. Ngokwesakhiwo, kwaba ukuqhubeka ukuthuthukiswa amathangi T-II. Ngokuphambene namasampula wangaphambilini kulo mshini, ilungiselelo elimangalisayo lamasondo omgwaqo lamukelwa endaweni engaphansi, ama-roller asekelayo aqedwa futhi ama-fenders aphezulu asetshenziswa. Ithangi lenziwa ngokuvumelana nesakhiwo esivamile samathangi aseJalimane: indawo yamandla yayingemuva, indawo yokulwa yayiphakathi nendawo, futhi kwakukhona indawo yokulawula, ukudlulisa kanye namasondo okushayela.
