Umehluko phakathi kokushaywa unhlangothi okubili nokushaywa unhlangothi okune

Qonda umehluko phakathi kuka-2 no-4 wenjini yokushaywa unhlangothi, kufanele uqale uqonde ukuthi ama-motors asebenza kanjani ngokujwayelekile.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze injini isebenze kahle, inqubo yomlilo kufanele iphelele. Ezinjini ezi-2-stroke no-4-stroke, le nqubo iqukethe imivimbo emine ehlukene eyenziwe yinduku yokuxhuma ne-piston egumbini lomlilo. Okwenza izinjini ezimbili zihlukane isikhathi sazo sokushisa. Isibalo sokudutshulwa okukhonjisiwe sikhombisa ukuthi izinjini ezinama-stroke amabili noma ezine-stroke ziwaguqula kanjani amandla nokuthi kwenzeka ngokushesha kangakanani ukudubula.

Ngabe isebenza kanjani injini engu-4-stroke? Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenjini yokushaywa unhlangothi kabili nenjini yokushaywa unhlangothi ezine? Bheka izincazelo zethu ngokusebenza nomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili zezinjini.

Izinjini ezine-stroke

Izinjini ezine-four-stroke izinjini lapho ukuvutha kwazo kuvamise ukuqaliswa umthombo wamandla wangaphandle njenge-spark plug noma shaker. Ukushiswa kwazo ngokushesha kuguqula amandla amakhemikhali aqukethwe kuphethiloli abe umsebenzi abe amandla emishini ngesikhathi sokuqhuma.

Izici 4-unhlangothi izinjini

Le njini iqukethe isilinda esisodwa noma eziningi ngayinye yazo iqukethe i-piston eslayidayo enokuhamba okuqondile. I-piston ngayinye iphakanyiswa futhi yehliswe kusetshenziswa induku yokuxhuma exhuma i-piston ku-crankshaft. Isilinda ngasinye esakha i-4-stroke engine ivalwa ngekhanda lesilinda elinama-valve amabili:

• I-valve yokungenisa enikezela isilinda ngenhlanganisela yomoya-uphethiloli ovela kokuphindaphindwayo kokudla.
• I-valve yokukhipha ephambukisa amagesi e-flue iye ngaphandle nge-exhaust.

Umjikelezo womsebenzi wenjini engu-4-stroke

Umjikelezo osebenzayo wenjini engu-4-stroke uphazamisekile ezine-unhlangothi injini. Isikhathi sokuqala yilokho okukhiqiza amandla. Lesi yisikhathi lapho ukushiswa kwengxube kaphethiloli nomoya kuqala ukunyakaza kwepiston. Lesi sakamuva sibe sesiqala ukunyakaza ngesikhathi sokuqalisa kuze kube yilapho ukushaywa kwenjini eyodwa sekukhiqize amandla adingekayo ukuze kuhlinzekwe ezinye izikhathi ezintathu zokusetshenziswa kwamandla ngaphambi kokushaywa kwenjini okulandelayo. Kusukela kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, injini izigijima yodwa.

Isigaba 1: umjaho wesingeniso

Isinyathelo sokuqala esenziwe yinjini engu-4 sibizwa ngokuthi: "ukungena". Lokhu kungukuqala kwenqubo yokusebenza kwenjini, ngenxa yalokho i-piston eyehliswa kuqala. I-piston eyehlisiwe idonsela igesi ngakho-ke ingxube kaphethiloli / umoya egumbini lomlilo nge-valve yokudla. Ekuqaliseni, imoto yokuqalisa enamathiselwe ku-flywheel iguqula i-crankshaft, ihambise isilinda ngasinye futhi inikeze amandla adingekayo ukuqedela isifo sokudla.

Isinyathelo sesibili: isifo soxinzelelo

Ukuminyaniswa kwesifo kwenzeka lapho iphistoni iphakama. Njengoba i-valve yokudla ivaliwe ngalesi sikhathi, uphethiloli nomoya wegesi ucindezelwe egumbini lomlilo laya ku-30 ​​bar naku-400 no-500 ° C.

Isinyathelo 3: umlilo noma ukuqhuma

Lapho i-piston iphakama futhi ifinyelela phezulu kwesilinda, ukuminyaniswa kuphezulu kakhulu. I-spark plug exhunywe ku-high voltage generator ikokhela amagesi acindezelwe. Umlilo osheshayo olandelayo noma ukuqhuma kwengcindezi yebha engama-40 kuye kwangama-60 kududulela i-piston phansi bese kuqala ukuhamba phambili nokubuyela emuva.

Isifo sohlangothi sesine: qeda

Ukuqeda kuqeda inqubo yokusha komlilo okushaywa unhlangothi. I-piston iphakanyiswa ngenduku yokuxhuma bese iphusha amagesi ashile aphume. I-valve yokukhipha bese iyavulwa ukuze kususwe amagesi ashile egumbini lomlilo ukuze kukhokhiswe okusha kwenhlanganisela yomoya / kaphethiloli.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinjini ezine-stroke nezine-4-stroke engines?

Ngokungafani nezinjini ezine-stroke, izinjini ezi-4-stroke sebenzisa izinhlangothi zombili - phezulu nangaphansi - kwepiston... Esokuqala ngezigaba zokucindezelwa nezomlilo. Owesibili owokudlulisa amagesi okuphuza nawokukhipha. Ngokugwema ukunyakaza kwemijikelezo emibili esebenzisa amandla, ikhiqiza i-torque namandla amaningi.

Izigaba ezine ekuhambeni okukodwa

Enjini yokushaywa kabili, inhlansi ixhuma umlilo kanye ngenguquko ngayinye. Izigaba ezine zokudla, ukucindezela, ukushisa kanye nokukhipha kwenziwa ngokunyakaza okukodwa kusuka phezulu kuye phansi, yingakho igama elithi stroke-stroke.

Ayikho i-valve

Njengoba ukungena nokukhipha kuyingxenye yokucindezela nokushisa kwepiston, izinjini ezinama-stroke amabili azina-valve. Amakamelo abo omlilo anendawo yokuphuma.

Uwoyela oxutshwe nophethiloli

Ngokungafani nezinjini ezine-stroke, izinjini ezi-4-stroke azinawo amagumbi amabili akhethekile kawoyela we-injini nophethiloli. Kokubili kuxubene egumbini elilodwa ngobuningi obuhambisanayo obuchaziwe.