Izakhiwo ezihlukile zenjini?

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zokwakhiwa kwezinjini, ezimbili zazo eziyisisekelo. Ake siwavule bese sizama ukukhomba ubuhle nobubi bawo ngamunye.

Injini ku- umugqa

Injini esemgqeni iyona evame ukwenziwa emhlabeni wezimoto, futhi ngokuqinisekile iyona imoto yakho ehlonywe ngayo. Amasilinda aqondaniswe ku-eksisi eyodwa futhi asuka phansi aye phezulu.

Nakhu okungaphawulwa ohlangothini oluhle:

• Imishini elula ngakhoke yonga kakhulu ukukhiqiza (futhi idizayini ejwayelekile eFrance).
• Ngokuvamile ukusetshenziswa okusebenza kahle (okuncishisiwe) kunjini ekulayini
• Incane kune-V-injini, kepha yinde ... Ukuma okuguqukayo kukhulula isikhala esiphezulu sokuhlala.

Ngokolunye uhlangothi:

• Lolu hlobo lwenjini luthatha isikhala esithe xaxa (ngobude kunokuba ububanzi) ngaphansi kwesembozo senjini ngoba amasilinda “asakazekile” kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka indawo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka okumise u-V kuvumela amasilinda ukuthi agxishwe ngevolumu encane, noma kunalokho ngevolomu efanayo.
• Uquqaba lwangaphakathi alulinganiseli kangako kune-V-injini. Injini esemgqeni ivame ukudinga uhlelo lwangaphakathi lokulwa nobunzima olubizwa nge-balance shaft. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi inkinga ayisekho ngamasilinda ayi-6 asemgqeni, athi emva kwalokho azuze ekulinganiseni okungcono ngenxa yokuphindaphindwa kwenqwaba yabantu abahambayo.

injini abagibele

Uma kuyinjini eyisicaba, amapiston kulokhu asebenza ngokuvundlile (ngaphesheya) esikhundleni sokuya phezulu naphansi. Futhi, ingxenye yama-pistons inyakaza ibheke kolunye uhlangothi kanti enye ibheke kolunye uhlangothi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama motors flat: Boxer kanye 180°V motor.

Yilokho Ifulethi 6, elingana nefulethi V6 (180 °)

Nansi injini Boxer, umehluko ikakhulukazi usezingeni lokubopha izinduku zepiston. Naka isiko lakho lokuthi leli gama leBoxer lalisetshenziswa yiPorsche ukubhekisa kuBoxster (ngakho-ke enenjini yakwaBoxer ...)

Nayi umshayisibhakela ovela ePorsche Boxster.

Isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi yiPorsche neSubaru, lolu hlobo lomklamo alutholakali kakhulu emakethe yezimoto.

Преимущества:

• Inzuzo yalomshini imvamisa iyisikhungo esiphansi samandla adonsela phansi. Njengoba injini iyisicaba futhi itholakala phansi ngangokunokwenzeka, lokhu kunciphisa ukuphakama kwesikhungo samandla adonsela phansi.
• Ukulinganiswa kwemoto kuhle ngokwanele ngoba uquqaba luhamba ngezindlela ezihlukile.

nemibi:

• Izindleko zokulungisa nokulungisa zingaphakama ngoba le njini i-atypical (ngakho-ke ayaziwa kangako ngemishini).

Injini ku- V

Injini emise okwe-V inemigqa emibili eceleni, hhayi umugqa owodwa. Ukuma kwayo kwaveza igama: V.

Izinzuzo zenjini emise u-V:

• Ukulinganiswa kwezixuku ezihambayo kungcono, okwenza kube lula konjiniyela ukulawula ukudlidlizela.
• Isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi esincishiswe ngokuphawulekayo ngokuvulwa okukhulu kwe-V (uma sifika kuma-degree angama-180, injini ibingaba yisicaba)
• Imfushane kunenjini eku-inthanethi

Okubi:

• Injini ebiza kakhulu futhi eyinkimbinkimbi yalolu hlobo ibiza kakhulu ukuyithenga nokuyigcina. Ngokuqondile ezingeni lokusabalalisa, okuzofanela livumelanise imigqa emibili (kunjini emise okwakwa-V) esikhundleni sowodwa.
• Ukusetshenziswa okungaphakama kancane
• Ukwehla kwe-engeli ye-V akusizi ukunciphisa isikhungo samandla adonsela phansi.
• Kubanzi kunenjini esemgqeni

Imoto ye-VR

Ama-RV angama-V-engine ancishiswe nge-engeli ukuze kwehliswe usayizi wenjini. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu kuseyiGolf 3 VR6, ebingenaso ngempela indawo eningi ngaphansi kwesivalo. Ama-piston asondelene kangangokuthi asikho isidingo samakhanda amasilinda amabili (elilodwa ebhange ngalinye esimweni se-V6). Ngakho-ke, ingafakwa ngokuphambanayo kwiGolf, ngokwazi ukuthi isengenye yezimoto eziyivelakancane emakethe ezinenjini engu-6-cylinder.

Kufakwe ama- "V-profiles" amabili ukunciphisa ubukhulu benjini.

Isithuthuthu uW

Izinjini ze-W, ezaziwa ngokuyinhloko njengezinjini eziyi-12-cylinder (W12), ziluhlobo lwenjini eyi-tw-V. Ekupheleni kosuku, isimo sibukeka njengohlamvu W, kodwa lokho akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele.

Eqinisweni, lena akuyona incwadi u-W, kodwa izinhlamvu ezimbili u-V zakha enye ngaphakathi kolunye, njengoba kukhonjisiwe ngomfanekiso ophuzi ophindaphinda ukushaywa kwamasilinda. Ekugcineni, le yindlela enhle yokwamukela amasilinda amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi uthatha isikhala esincane ngangokunokwenzeka.

Injini yokujikeleza

Ngokungangabazeki, lokhu kungumklamo wokuqala kunayo yonke. Ngempela, ayikho i-piston lapha, kodwa uhlelo olusha lwamakamelo omlilo.

Преимущества:

• Kwehliswe isisindo ngenxa yomklamo olula odinga izingxenye ezimbalwa kunenjini “ejwayelekile”.
• Injini egijima ngokushesha, uvalo oluningi
• Ukulinganisela okuhle kakhulu kwezimoto, ngakho-ke ukudlidliza kuncishiswa kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izakhiwo.
• Umsindo ulawulwa kahle kakhulu futhi nokuvunywa kuhle kakhulu

nemibi:

• Injini ekhetheke kakhulu, akuyona yonke imakhenikhi ezoyinakekela (konke kuncike enkingeni exazululwa)
• Uhlelo lokuhlukaniswa aluphelele, futhi ukugcina ukucindezelwa okuhle isikhathi eside kungaba nzima ukwedlula injini "ejwayelekile".
• Ukonga okuningi ...

Injini yenkanyezi

Ngeke ngigxile kulokhu, ngoba kuthinta ukundiza. Kepha nakhu kubukeka njengolwazi lwakho olujwayelekile: