Umehluko phakathi kwezinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo nezine-turbocharged

Isebenza kanjani imoto> Umehluko phakathi kwezinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo nezine-turbocharged

Lesi yisihloko esibe yinto eseqhulwini selokhu kwethulwe kakhulu izinjini ezincane. Ngakho-ke leli bekuyithuba lokubhala i-athikili ukuzama ukucacisa lolu daba, ngakho-ke ake sibheke zonke izinto ezihlukanisa izinjini ezihlosiwe ngokwemvelo ezinjinini ezi-turbocharged.

Funda nalolu daba: Ukusebenza kweTurbocharger.

Isisekelo esiyisisekelo

Njengoba kungebona nonke eningompetha bemishini, ake sibheke ngokushesha ukuthi ziyini izinjini ezishibhile ngokwemvelo nezine- supercharge.

Okokuqala, ake sicacise ukuthi lawa magama asho, okokuqala, ukungena emoyeni, ngakho-ke asinendaba nokunye okunye. Injini efiswa ngokwemvelo ingacatshangwa njengenjini “ejwayelekile”, okusho ukuthi iphefumulela ngaphandle kwemvelo ngokwemvelo ngokunyakaza okuphindayo kwama-piston, abese esebenza njengamaphampu okudonsa lapha.

Injini eshajwe kakhulu isebenzisa i-additive system eqondisa umoya owengeziwe enjinini. Ngakho-ke, ngaphezu kokumunca emoyeni ngokuhamba kwama-pistons, sengeza okwengeziwe ngosizo lwe-compressor. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili:

• Iqhutshwa amandla enjini = compressor - supercharger
• Igesi yokukhipha ilawulwa = i-turbocharger.

Injini ye-Turbo = amandla amaningi

Ukuqaphela kokuqala: injini ene-turbocharged ingaba namandla amakhulu. Ngempela, amandla avela ngokuqondile ekushiseni kwamasilinda, okubaluleke nakakhulu, i-cylinder "ihamba" futhi, ngakho-ke, imoto enamandla kakhulu. Nge-turbo, ungacindezela umoya omningi kumasilinda kunangaphandle kwawo. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi siyakwazi ukuthumela i-oxidant eyengeziwe (umoya futhi ikakhulukazi ingxenye encane yomoya-mpilo ekhona), singathumela uphethiloli owengeziwe. Ngakho, sinamandla engeziwe okushisa emjikelezweni, ngakho sinamandla engeziwe. Igama elithi "boost" nalo libaluleke kakhulu, sivala injini ngomoya nophethiloli, "sifaka izinto" ngangokunokwenzeka kumasilinda.

I-458 Italia ine-4.5 efiselekayo ngokwemvelo nama-570 hp.

I-488 GTB (eshintshayo) inikwa amandla yinjini engu-4.0 enamandla kakhulu ethuthukisa i-100 hp. ngaphezulu (ngakho, ngo-670). Ngakho-ke, sinenjini encane namandla amaningi (ama-turbine amabili, eyodwa nge-cylinder bank). Ngazo zonke izinkinga ezinkulu, abakhiqizi basilethela ama-turbine abo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngempela esikhathini esidlule, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bazoshiywa futhi esikhathini esizayo (ngaphandle uma ugesi uthatha indawo yokushisa), ngisho noma kunethuba elincane esimweni "sesimo sezulu". Ezepolitiki".

Injini engaphansi engenalutho ye-turbo

Injini efiseleke ngokwemvelo idonsa umoya omningi njengoba ithatha ama-revs, ngakho-ke amandla ayo akhuphuka kuma-revs, ngoba kulapho isebenzisa umoya nophethiloli omningi. Injini ye-turbo ingaba nomoya omningi kanye nophethiloli kuma-revs aphansi ngoba i-turbo igcwalisa amasilinda ngomoya "wokwenziwa" (umoya owengezwa emoyeni ngokwemvelo udonswa ukunyakaza kwamasilinda). I-oxidizer eyengeziwe, uphethiloli owengeziwe uthunyelwa ngesivinini esiphansi, okuholela kumandla amaningi (lokhu kuwuhlobo lwe-alloying).

Qaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi ama-compressors enjini aqhutshwa yinjini avumela injini ukuthi iphoqwe ngomoya ngisho nange-rpm ephansi. I-turbocharger inikwe amandla ngumoya ophuma kumbhobho womsila, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukusebenza kahle kuma-rpms aphansi kakhulu (lapho ukuphuma kwe-exhaust kungabalulekanga kakhulu).

Futhi qaphela ukuthi i-turbocharger ayikwazi ukusebenza ngokufana kuzo zonke isivinini, "ama-propeller" ama-turbines awakwazi ukusebenza ngendlela efanayo kuye ngamandla omoya (yingakho isivinini nokugeleza kwamagesi okukhipha umoya). Njengomphumela, i-turbo isebenza kahle kakhulu ebangeni elilinganiselwe, yingakho umphumela wokukhahlela izinqe. Bese siba nezixazululo ezimbili: i-turbocharger yejiyomethri eshintshashintshayo eshintsha ukuthambeka kwamafins, noma i-boost ephindwe kabili noma kathathu. Uma sinama-turbine amaningi, omunye unakekela isivinini esiphansi (ukugeleza okuncane, yingakho ama-turbos amancane ajwayela le "mimoya"), kanti omunye unakekela isivinini esikhulu (ngokujwayelekile, kunengqondo ukuthi ukugeleza kungaphezulu. okubalulekile kuleli phuzu. lapho). Ngalesi sisetshenziswa, sibe sesithola ukusheshisa okuqondile kwenjini efiselekayo ngokwemvelo, kodwa enokuningi okubambekayo kanye ne-torque esobala (ngokugudluzwa okulinganayo, kunjalo).

Ukusetshenziswa? Kuya ngesimo …

Lokhu kusiletha ephuzwini elibaluleke kakhulu neliyimpikiswano. Ingabe injini ene-turbocharged idla kancane? Uma ubheka izinombolo zabakhiqizi, ungathi yebo. Nokho, eqinisweni, ngokuvamile kakhulu konke kuhle kakhulu, futhi ama-nuances adinga ukuxoxwa.

Ukusetshenziswa kwabakhiqizi kuncike kumjikelezo we-NEDC, okungukuthi indlela ethile izimoto ezisetshenziswa ngayo: ukusheshisa okuhamba kancane kanye nesivinini esilinganiselwe esilinganiselwe.

Kulokhu, izinjini ezine-turbocharged ziphezulu ngoba azisebenzisi kakhulu ...

Eqinisweni, inzuzo enkulu yenjini ye-turbo encishisiwe isayizi yayo encane. Injini encane, ngokunengqondo kakhulu, idla ngaphansi kwenkulu.

Ngeshwa, injini encane inamandla alinganiselwe ngoba ayikwazi ukuthatha umoya omningi ngakho-ke ishisa uphethiloli omningi (njengoba amakamelo okuvutha mancane). Iqiniso lokusebenzisa i-turbocharger yenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhulisa ngokuzenzakalelayo ukufuduka kwayo nokubuyisela amandla alahlekile ngesikhathi sokuncipha: singakwazi ukwethula umthamo womoya odlula ubukhulu bekamelo, ngoba i-turbocharger ithumela umoya ocindezelweyo, othatha umoya. indawo encane (iphinde ipholiswe isishintshi sokushisa ukuze iqhubeke nokunciphisa ivolumu). Ngamafuphi, singathengisa ama-1.0s angaphezu kuka-100bhp, kuyilapho ngaphandle kwe-turbo azokhawulelwa cishe kumashumi ayisithupha, ngakho awakwazi ukuthengiswa ezimotweni eziningi.

Njengengxenye ye-homologation ye-NEDC, sisebenzisa izimoto ezihamba ngesivinini esiphansi (i-slow low acceleration kuma-revs), ngakho sigcina sinenjini encane egijima buthule, lapho-ke ingadli kakhulu. Uma ngisebenzisa i-1.5-litre ne-3.0-litre side-by-side ezingeni eliphansi nelifana, lapho-ke i-3.0 izodla okuningi ngokunengqondo.

Ngakho-ke, kuma-revs aphansi, injini ene-turbocharged izosebenza njengokufisa ngokwemvelo njengoba ingeke isebenzise i-turbocharging (amagesi akhipha umoya abuthakathaka kakhulu ukuthi ayivuselele).

Futhi yilapho izinjini ze-turbo zikhohlisa umhlaba wazo, zidla kancane ngesivinini esiphansi uma kuqhathaniswa ne-atmospheric, ngoba ngokwesilinganiso zincane (okuncane = ukusetshenziswa okuncane, ngiyaphinda, ngiyazi).

Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, ngezinye izikhathi izinto zihamba kuze kube ngokuphambene! Ngempela, lapho sikhuphuka imibhoshongo (ngakho-ke uma sisebenzisa amandla ngokuphambene nomjikelezo we-NEDC), i-turbo iyakhahlela bese iqala ukuthela umoya omkhulu kakhulu enjinini. Ngeshwa, lapho umoya omningi, kudingeka okuningi ukunxeshezelwa ngokuthumela uphethiloli, oqhuma ngokoqobo izinga lokugeleza.

Ngakho-ke ake sibuyekeze: Abakhiqizi behlise usayizi wezinjini ukuze baphathe kangcono umjikelezo we-NEDC ngakho-ke amanani okusetshenziswa aphansi. Nokho, ukuze banikeze izinga elifanayo lamandla "njengezinjini ezinkulu ezindala", bangeze i-turbocharger (noma i-supercharger). Ngesikhathi somjikelezo, i-turbocharger isebenza kancane kakhulu futhi iletha amandla athe xaxa ngenxa yokwanda kwamagesi e-exhaust (amagesi e-exhaust athatha isikhala esiningi kunenhlanganisela engena enjinini, lokhu kunwetshwa kuqhutshwa yi-turbine), okuholela ekusetshenzisweni okuphansi, ngoba injini incane, ngikukhumbuza (uma siqhathanisa amavolumu amabili afanayo ne-turbocharging, khona-ke ukuthi nge-turbocharging kuzodla ngokunengqondo). Eqinisweni, abantu basebenzisa wonke amandla emoto yabo futhi ngenxa yalokho benza i-turbo isebenze kanzima. Injini iphonswa ngomoya, ngakho-ke kufanele futhi "ilayishwe" ngophethiloli: ukusetshenziswa kuphakama kakhulu, ngisho nezinjini ezincane ...

Ngokwami, kwesinye isikhathi ngiyabona ngesaba ukuthi iningi lenu alijabule kakhulu ngokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwezinjini zikaphethiloli (ezidumile i-1.0, 1.2, 1.4, njll.). Lapho abantu abaningi bebuya kudizili, ukushaqeka kuba okubaluleke nakakhulu. Abanye baze badayise izimoto zabo zisuka nje ... Ngakho qaphela uma uthenga injini encane kaphethiloli, abenzi izimanga ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Umsindo ongemuhle?

Ngenjini ye-turbo, uhlelo lwe-exhaust lunzima kakhulu ... Eqinisweni, ngaphezu kwama-catalysts kanye nesihlungi se-particulate, manje sesine-turbine enikwe amandla ukugeleza okubangelwa igesi yokukhipha. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi sisangeza okuthile okuvimba ulayini, ngakho-ke sizwa umsindo omncane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-rpm iphansi, ngakho-ke injini ingancipha kakhulu.

I-F1 iyisibonelo esihle kunazo zonke esikhona, esinokuthokozela kwababukeli okuye kwancipha kakhulu (umsindo wenjini ubungesinye sezithako eziyinhloko, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngiwakhumbula kakhulu ama-V8 afiselekayo ngokwemvelo!).

Lapha singabona ngokucacile ukuthi i-turbo iphazamisekile kancane ezingeni le-exhaust ... (okuningi ngakwesokudla kanye ne-turbo kwesokunxele)

I-FERRARI / V8 ATMO VS V8 TURBO! Khetha eyodwa!

I-Spotter (GE Supercars) ikwenzele umsebenzi wokuqhathanisa. Qaphela, nokho, ukuthi umehluko ubonakala kakhulu kwezinye izimoto (ikakhulukazi F1), ngoba Ferrari nokho yenze isiqiniseko sokuthi i-turbo izojezisa ukugunyazwa kancane ngangokunokwenzeka, okuphoqa onjiniyela ukuthi benze umsebenzi onzima. Noma kunjalo, sino-9000 rpm ku-458 no-8200 rpm ku-488 GTB (futhi sazi ukuthi ngesivinini esifanayo i-488 yenza umsindo omncane).

I-Turbocharged underspeed?

Yebo, ngama-turbines amabili aqoqa imifudlana yokukhipha umoya futhi athumele umoya ocindezelwe enjinini, kunomkhawulo lapha: asikwazi ukuwenza womabili ajikeleze ngokushesha kakhulu, bese futhi sibe nokuhudula ezingeni lokuphuma kwe-exhaust, esingakwenzi. ibe nenjini efisa ngokwemvelo (i-turbo iyaphazamisa). Qaphela, noma kunjalo, ukuthi i-turbine ethumela umoya ocindezelweyo enjinini ilawulwa ngekhompyutha nge-valve yokudlula ye-bypass valve, ngakho-ke singakhawulela ukuhamba komoya onomfutho oya enjinini (lokhu kuyingxenye yalokho okwenzekayo). ingena kumodi yokukhiya, ivalve yokudlula izokhulula yonke ingcindezi emoyeni hhayi enjinini.

Ngakho-ke, konke lokhu kuseduze nalokho esikubonile endimeni edlule.

Inertia enkulu?

Ngokwengxenye ngezizathu ezifanayo, sithola ama-motors ane-inertia eningi. Kuphinde kunciphise ubumnandi kanye nomuzwa wezemidlalo. Ama-turbines athinta ukugeleza komoya ongenayo (okungenayo) nokuphumayo (okukhiphayo) futhi, ngakho-ke, abangela inertia ethile maqondana nesivinini sokusheshisa kanye nokwehla kokugcina. Kodwa-ke, qaphela ukuthi ukwakheka kwenjini nakho kunethonya elikhulu kulokhu kuziphatha (injini eku-V-position, flat, in-line, njll.).

Ngenxa yalokho, uma uphethiloli ume, injini iyashesha (ngikhuluma ngejubane) futhi yehlisa kancane ... Ngisho nophethiloli uqala ukusebenza njengezinjini zikadizili, ezivamise ukufakwa ku-turbo isikhathi esingaphezu kwesikhathi eside ( isibonelo, i-M4 noma i-Giulia Quadrifoglio, futhi lezi ezimbalwa nje. I-488 GTB isebenza kanzima, kodwa nayo ayiphelele).

Uma lokhu kungekona okubi kakhulu emotweni yawo wonke umuntu, khona-ke ku-supercar - ama-euro angama-200 - okuningi kakhulu! Ezindala ezisemkhathini kufanele zithole ukuthandwa eminyakeni ezayo.

Exhaust umsindo Alfa Romeo Giulia Quadrifoglio Verde QV Carabinieri | Imoto enkulu yamaphoyisa

Ukuhlangana ngomzuzwana wama-20 ukuzwa inertia yemoto ithambile kakhulu, akunjalo?

Ukuphendula kancane

Omunye umphumela ukuthi impendulo yenjini ayihlaba umxhwele kangako. I-Ferrari iphinde yenza umzamo omkhulu ukukhombisa kulabo abangase babe ngamakhasimende ukuthi konke sekwenziwe ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwenjini, naphezu kokuthi i-488 GTB ifakwe i-turbocharged.

Ongahloniphekile?

Akunjalo ngempela ... I-supercharger ingayenza kanjani injini ingabi nesizotha? Uma abantu abaningi becabanga ngenye indlela, mina, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngicabanga ukuthi akunangqondo, kodwa mhlawumbe nginephutha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kungamenza angakhangi, okungenye indaba.

Ukuthembeka: i-turbo ku-half mast

Lokhu kunengqondo eyisiphukuphuku futhi enengekayo. Uma izingxenye eziningi zenjini, makhulu amathuba okuba sengozini yokuphuka ... Futhi lapha sonakele, ngoba i-turbocharger iyingxenye ebucayi (amaphiko abuthakathaka kanye nebhere okufanele igcotshwe) kanye nengxenye engaphansi kwezinkinga ezinkulu. (amakhulu ezinkulungwane zokuguquguquka ngomzuzu!) ...

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingabulala injini ye-diesel ngenxa yokusheshisa: igeleza ezingeni le-bearing egcotshiwe, la mafutha adonswa enjini futhi ashise ekugcineni. Futhi njengoba kungekho ukuthungela okulawulwayo ezinjini zikadizili, injini akufanele icishwe! Okufanele ukwenze ukubuka imoto yakhe ishona phezulu kakhulu futhi ishunqa intuthu).

Yonke imibono nokuphendula

wokugcina amazwana athunyelwe:

Phil HAKE (Usuku: 2021, 05:22:08)

Ubhala ukuthi uphuthelwe izinjini ze-V8 ku-Formula 1, kodwa abashayeli abahlangabezane nenkathi yokuqala ye-turbocharging, kwase kuba yi-V8, V10, V12 3500cc. Cm, bese kuba ngu-3 cc. Bheka, kuthiwa bekushoda izinjini ezingama-3000cc V2 kuphela. Bheka Laughingly powerful, lowo umbono wami.

Il J. 1 ukusabela (kula) mazwana:

• Ukuphatha UMPHATHI WENDAWO (2021-05-24 15:16:25): Qaphela ubuqili, ngiyangabaza ukuthi babengenawo amandla ... Okokuqala, azisashayi izinqe ze-V10, kodwa ukuthi ziwumkhathi zijeziswa ngokuhluleka. nge-rpm ephansi ...

  Noma yimuphi umgibeli angancamela ivayibhu ethe ukuquleka ngaphansi kune-turbo egcwele kuwo wonke ama-rev. Injini ene-turbocharged iyacasula kakhulu ngokomsindo (i-CF Vettel) futhi kulawa mazinga wamandla inzima kakhulu kumamitha (futhi futhi i-linear encane).

  Ngamafuphi, i-turbo inhle empilweni yabantu, incane emgwaqeni omkhulu ...

(Okuthunyelwe kwakho kuzobonakala ngaphansi kwamazwana ngemuva kokuqinisekiswa)

Bhala umbono

Uyazithanda izinjini ze-turbo?