Qonda ukuhlukaniswa kwe-mountain bike trail ku-Openstreetmap
Okuqukethwe
I-OSM Open Steet Map, enamalungu angaphezu kuka-5000 ngosuku, ihlela amamephu we-OSM adizayinelwe ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni kanye nemizila esebenza kahle yokuhamba ngezinyawo.
Lo mnikelo ulandela isimiso esifanayo nokwabelana ngomzila (ukuhlukaniswa kwe-“gpx”): shicilela futhi wabelane ngemizila, wandise ithrafikhi futhi uqhubekisele phambili ubukhona bayo; ihambisana nokusakazwa kwe-"gpx" yakho ku-UtagawaVTT.
Amamephu we-OSM asetshenziswa izindawo eziningi zokuhamba ngebhayisikili noma izintaba, njengemephu noma umzila, njenge-OpenTraveller ehlinzeka ngamamephu ahlukahlukene angemuva avela ku-OSM, iningi labakhiqizi be-GPS banikeza imephu ye-OSM ye-GPS yabo (Garmin, TwoNav, Wahoo, njll... .), Esinye isibonelo se-MOBAC esikuvumela ukuthi udale amamephu amathebulethi, i-GPS… (AMAMAPHI KANYE NE-GPS - UNGAKHETHA KANJANI?)
Ngamunye wethu angaba negalelo kulo mfutho weqoqo ngokwengeza noma ngokushintsha izindlela noma izindlela esizithatha njalo ukuze siziqophe etsheni.
Amathuluzi amabili atholakalayo kuwo wonke umuntu ukuze anothise le datha ye-cartographic, umhleli we-OSM kanye ne-JOSM. Ngaphezu kwesinyathelo sokuqalisa ngala mathuluzi amabili, oqalayo kufanele ajwayelane nemibono yokuhlukaniswa komzila.Naphezu kolwazi oluningi ku-inthanethi, oqalayo akakwazi ukusheshe athole ukuthi umzila webhayisikili lezintaba ungaba kanjani ngendlela efanele. kuboniswe kumephu.
Inhloso yemigqa elandelayo ukwethula indlela yokuhlukanisa ukuze ubonise ukuthi kwanele ukuvele ufake amapharamitha amabili ukuze i-OSM igqamise imizila efanele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni, amanye amapharamitha anothisa ukusebenza kodwa akudingekile. .
I-inthanethi iphinde ibeke umhlanganyeli ngaphambi kwezinhlelo zokuhlukanisa ezihlukene, ezifanayo kakhulu noma ezihlukile. Izindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuhlukanisa i-"IMBA" kanye "ne-STS", okuthi noma kancane kunokuhluka okuhlukile.
I-Open Street Map ivumela umzila ngamunye ukuthi unikezwe ukuhlukaniswa kwe-STS kanye / noma ukuhlukaniswa kwe-IMBA.
Indawo engcono kakhulu ongaqala ngayo ukuqala ukunikela ngomhleli we-OSM bese ulinda uze ukwazi kahle i-OSM ukuze usebenzise i-JOSM, eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kodwa enikeza izici eziningi ezengeziwe.
ISIKALI ESISODWA (STS)
Igama elithi "umzila owodwa" liphakamisa ukuthi umzila webhayisikili lasezintabeni umzila ongakwazi ukuhanjwa abantu abangaphezu koyedwa. Umfanekiso ojwayelekile wethrekhi eyodwa yindlela ewumngcingo yentaba ebuye isetshenziswe ama-trailer nabaqwali. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuya phambili "kuthrekhi eyodwa" ukusebenzisa ibhayisikili lasezintabeni elifakwe okungenani imfoloko yokumiswa eyodwa futhi, okungcono kakhulu, ukumiswa okugcwele.
Isistimu yokuhlukanisa umzila ingeyabagibeli bezintaba, isikali se-UIAA ngesabagibeli, kanti isikali se-SAC Alpine esabagibeli bezintaba.
Isikali sokugreda sathuthukiswa ukuze kuhlinzekwe ulwazi ngobunzima benqubekelaphambili, okungukuthi, umbandela wokunquma "i-cyclicality".
Lesi sigaba siwusizo ekukhetheni umzila, ekubikezeleni izimo zomjikelezo, ekuhloleni amakhono okushayela adingekayo.
Ngakho, lesi sigaba sivumela:
- Ngamunye ukwenza okuningi kwesekethe eguqulelwe kumakhono abo. *
- Okweqembu, inhlangano, umhlinzeki wesevisi wedizayini yohambo noma isikimu esidizayinelwe izinga elifiswayo lokuzijwayeza, njengengxenye yohambo, ukuncintisana, isevisi yeqembu, Isilinganiso sokuhlukaniswa kwamabhayisikili asezintabeni siwuphawu olubalulekile olufanele ukwenziwa lube sezingeni, kodwa luqashelwa izinhlangano ezisemthethweni.
Izici zamazinga obunzima
Isilinganiso sokuhlukanisa, esihlukaniswe ngamazinga ayisithupha (kusuka ku-S0 kuya ku-S5), sibonisa izinga lobunzima, sisekelwe enkingeni yezobuchwepheshe umuntu okufanele abhekane nayo lapho eshayela emgwaqeni.
Ukuze kuzuzwe ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo yonke nokungaguquguquki, izimo ezikahle zihlale zicatshangwa, okungukuthi, ukushayela emgwaqeni obonakala ngokucacile nasemhlabeni owomile.
Izinga lobunzima elibangelwa isimo sezulu, isivinini kanye nezimo zokukhanyisa azikwazi ukubhekwa ngenxa yokuhlukahluka okukhulu okubangela.
I-S0 - ilula kakhulu
Lolu uhlobo olulula lwethrekhi, olubonakala ngokuthi:
- Umthambeka omncane ukuya komaphakathi,
- Umhlaba ongasheleli nokuphenduka okuthambile,
- Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zesu lokuhlola.
I-S1 ilula
- Lolu wuhlobo lwengoma ongase ulubheke ngabomvu.
- Kungase kube nezithiyo ezincane njengezimpande noma amatshe,
- Umhlaba kanye nokujika akuzinzile ngokwengxenye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuncane,
- Awekho amajika aqinile
- I-slope ephezulu ihlala ingaphansi kwama-40%.
S2 - medium
Izinga lobunzima bomzila liyakhula.
- Kulindeleke amatshe amakhulu nezimpande,
- Akuvamile ukuthi kube khona inhlabathi eqinile ngaphansi kwamasondo, ama-bumps noma ama-bearings.
- Amajika aqinile
- Umthamo omkhulu ungafika ku-70%.
S3 - kunzima
Sibhekisela kulesi sigaba njengezindlela ezinoshintsho oluyinkimbinkimbi.
- Amatshe amakhulu noma izimpande ezinde
- Amajika aqinile
- Imiqansa
- Ngokuvamile kufanele ulinde i-clutch
- Ukuthambekela okuvamile kufika ku-70%.
S4 - kunzima kakhulu
Kulesi sigaba, ithrekhi inzima futhi inzima.
- Uhambo olude nolunzima olunezimpande
- Amaphasishi anamatshe amakhulu
- Amaphaseji aminyene
- Ukujika okucijile nokukhuphuka imiqansa kudinga amakhono akhethekile okugibela.
I-S5 - inzima kakhulu
Leli yizinga elinzima kakhulu, elibonakala ngesimo sezwe esinzima kakhulu.
- Umhlabathi onokunamathela okubi, ovinjwe ngamatshe noma imfucumfucu,
- Amajika aqinile futhi aqinile
- Izithiyo ezinde njengezihlahla eziwile
- Imiqansa
- Ibanga elincane lokubhuleka,
- Isu lokuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni liyavivinywa.
Ukumelwa kwamazinga obunzima
Njengoba kunokuvumelana okuthile mayelana nokuchazwa komjikelezo wendlela noma indlela ye-VTT, ngeshwa, kungaqashelwa kuphela ukuthi imifanekiso noma ubunikazi obubonakalayo balawa mazinga buhunyushwa ngokuhlukile kuye ngomshicileli wekhadi.
Vula imephu yomgwaqo
I-Open Street Map cartographic database ikuvumela ukuthi ubonise imizila nemizila efanele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni. Lesi sici senziwa umqondo wokhiye (umaka/imfanelo), sisetshenziselwa ukumelwa okuyingcaca kwemizila nemizila emamephu asuka ku-OSM, kanye nokusebenzisa amathuluzi omzila ozenzakalelayo ukwakha nokukhetha indlela yokuthola i-“gpx” ifayela lengoma (OpenTraveller).
I-OSM inika umdwebi wamabalazwe ithuba lokufaka okhiye abambalwa abazobonisa imizila nemizila elungele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni.
Uhlu “olude” lwalezi zikhiye lungathusa umdwebi wamabalazwe oqalayo.
Ithebula elingezansi libala okhiye abakhulu okumele bagqanyiswe izikhiye ezimbili ezidingekayo futhi ezanele ngokwezigaba ezidingekayo zokuhamba ngebhayisikili... Lezi zihluthulelo ezimbili zingafakwa ngesici sokukhuphuka noma ukwehla.
Abanye okhiye abengeziwe bakuvumela ukuthi unikeze eyodwa igama, unikeze inothi, njll. Okwesibili, uma "ukhuluma kahle" ku-OSM ne-JOSM, cishe ufuna ukucebisa "oyedwa" owuthandayo ngokuwuqamba noma ukukala.
Xhuma ku-OSM VTT France
| Ukhiye | okusho | kubalulekile | |
|---|---|---|---|
| onguthelawayeka = | Ithrekhi Yendlela | X | Indlela noma indlela |
| ft = | - | Ngakho kufinyeleleka kwabahamba ngezinyawo | |
| ibhayisikili = | - | Uma etholakala ngamabhayisikili | |
| ububanzi = | - | Ububanzi bethrekhi | |
| ubuso = | - | Uhlobo lomhlabathi | |
| ubushelelezi = | - | Isimo sobuso | |
| trail_visibility = | - | Ukubonakala kwendlela | |
| mtb: isikali = | 0 6 kuya | X | Indlela yemvelo noma indlela |
| mtb: isikali: imba = | 0 4 kuya | X | Ithrekhi yokupaka ibhayisikili |
| mtb: isikali: umqansa = | 0 5 kuya | ? | Ubunzima bokukhuphuka nokwehla kufanele buboniswe. |
| umthambeka = | <x%, <x% phezulu, phansi | ? | Ubunzima bokukhuphuka nokwehla kufanele buboniswe. |
mtb: iladi
Lona ukhiye ochaza ukuhlukaniswa okuzosetshenziswa ukukhombisa ubunzima bemizila "yemvelo" efaneleka ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni.
Njengoba ubunzima bokwehla kwentaba buhlukile nobunzima bokugibela ibhayisikili lezintaba, ukhiye kufanele ukhishwe ukuze "ukhuphuke" noma "ukwehla".
Izici zezindawo zokuwela imingcele ezithile noma ezinzima kakhulu
Ukugqamisa indawo endleleni eveza ubunzima obuthile, "ingagqanyiswa" ngokubeka ifindo lapho kunobunzima khona. Ukubeka iphoyinti esikalini esihlukile kunomzila ongaphandle kwalo mzila kubonisa indawo enzima kakhulu ukudlula kuyo.
| okusho | Incazelo | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| OSM | IMBA | ||
| 0 | - | Igravel noma inhlabathi ehlanganisiwe ngaphandle kobunzima obuningi. Leli ihlathi noma umzila wezwe, awekho amaqhubu, awekho amatshe futhi awekho izimpande. Amajika abanzi futhi umthambeka ulula ukuya komaphakathi. Awekho amakhono akhethekile okushayela adingekayo. | S0 |
| 1 | - | Izithiyo ezincane ezifana nezimpande namatshe amancane kanye nokuguguleka kungandisa ubunzima. Umhlaba ungakhululeka ezindaweni. Kungaba khona ukuphenduka okuqinile ngaphandle kwe-hairpin. Ukushayela kudinga ukunakwa, awekho amakhono akhethekile. Zonke izithiyo zidlula ngebhayisikili lezintaba. Indawo engaphezulu: indawo engaba khona exegayo, izimpande ezincane namatshe, Izithiyo: izithiyo ezincane, amaqhuqhuva, izingongolo, imisele, imihosha ngenxa yomonakalo wokuguguleka, ukuthambeka kweSlope: | S1 |
| 2 | - | Izithiyo ezifana namatshe amakhulu noma amatshe, noma ngokuvamile umhlabathi oxekethile. Kukhona ukuphenduka okubanzi kwe-hairpin. Indawo engaphezulu: indawo evamise ukuxega, izimpande namatshe amakhudlwana, Izithiyo: amabhampa alula namarempu, Imithambeka eyehlelayo: | S2 |
| 3 | - | Amaphaseji amaningi anezithiyo ezinkulu njengamadwala nezimpande ezinkulu. Ama-studs amaningi namajika athambile. Ungakwazi ukuhamba ezindaweni ezishelelayo nasezindongeni. Umhlaba ungashelela kakhulu. Ukugxilisa ingqondo njalo kanye nokuhlola okuhle kakhulu kuyadingeka. Ubuso: izimpande eziningi ezinkulu, noma amatshe, noma inhlabathi eshelelayo, noma i-talus ehlakazekile. Izithiyo: Okubalulekile. Umthambeka:> 70% Izindololwane: Izikhonkwane zezinwele eziwumngcingo. | S3 |
| 4 | - | Iwumqansa kakhulu futhi inzima, amaphaseji ahlanganiswe namatshe amakhulu nezimpande. Ngokuvamile imfucumfucu ehlakazekile noma imfucumfucu. Imigwaqo ewumqansa kakhulu ene-hairpin ejikayo kanye nemiqansa engabangela isibambo ukuthi sithinte phansi. Kudingeka ulwazi lokushayela, isibonelo, ukuqondisa isondo elingemuva phakathi kwama-studs. Ubuso: izimpande eziningi ezinkulu, amatshe noma inhlabathi eshelelayo, imfucumfucu ehlakazekile. Izithiyo: Kunzima ukuzinqoba. Umthambeka:> 70% Izindololwane: Izigqoko. | S4 |
| 5 | - | Iwumqansa kakhulu futhi inzima, inamasimu amakhulu amatshe noma udoti nokudilika kwenhlabathi. Ibhayisikili lasezintabeni kufanele ligqokwe lapho kukhuphuka izintaba. Ushintsho olufushane kuphela oluvumela ukusheshisa nokwehla. Izihlahla eziwile zingenza izinguquko eziwumqansa zibe nzima nakakhulu. Bambalwa kakhulu abagibeli bezintaba abangagibela kuleli zinga. Umphezulu: amadwala noma inhlabathi eshelelayo, udoti / indlela engalingani ebukeka njengomzila wezintaba zezintaba (> T4). Izithiyo: Inhlanganisela yezinguquko ezinzima. I-Slope Gradient:> 70%. Izindololwane: Iyingozi ezithendeni eziqinile ezinezithiyo. | S5 |
| 6 | - | Inani elinikezwe imikhondo ngokuvamile engahambisani ne-ATV. Ochwepheshe besivivinyo abahamba phambili kuphela abazozama ukuphequlula lezi zindawo. Ukutsheka kuvame ukuba> 45 °. Lona umzila ohamba ngezintaba (i-T5 noma i-T6). Kuyitshe elingenalutho elingenazimpawu ezibonakalayo phansi. Okungalungi, imiqansa, amagquma angaphezu kwama-2 m noma amadwala. | - |
mtb: isikali: umqansa
Lona ukhiye wokugcwalisa uma umdwebi wamabalazwe efuna ukucacisa ubunzima bokukhuphuka noma ukwehla.
Kulesi simo, udinga ukuqinisekisa isiqondiso sendlela futhi usebenzise ukhiye we-slope ukuze isofthiwe yomzila ikwazi ukulandisa ngobunzima bokuhamba ngendlela efanele.
| okusho | Incazelo | isisitho selanga | Izithiyo | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I-Moyenne | esiphezulu | |||
| 0 | Amatshe amatshe noma umhlaba oqinile, ukunamathela okuhle, okutholakala kuwo wonke umuntu. Ungakwazi ukukhuphuka futhi wehle nge-4x4 SUV noma i-ATV. | <80% | <80% | |
| 1 | Itshe eliqinile noma umhlabathi oqinile, ukudonsa okuhle, akukho ukushelela, ngisho nalapho udansa noma usheshisa. Umzila wehlathi eliwumqansa, umzila wokuhamba kalula. | <80% | Izithiyo ezingazodwa ezingagwenywa | |
| 2 | Umhlabathi ozinzile, ongagandayiwe, ogezwe kancane, udinga ukunyathela okuvamile nokulinganisela okuhle. Ngesu elihle kanye nesimo esihle somzimba, lokhu kuyafezeka. | <80% | <80% | Amadwala, izimpande, noma amadwala aphumile |
| 3 | Izimo zomhlaba eziguquguqukayo, ukungalungi kancane, noma indawo engumqansa, enamatshe, esemhlabeni noma enamafutha. Ibhalansi enhle kakhulu kanye nokuhamba okuvamile kuyadingeka. Amakhono amahle okushayela ukuze ungashayeli umqansa we-ATV. | <80% | <80% | Amatshe, izimpande namagatsha, indawo enamatshe |
| 4 | Ithrekhi ekhuphukela kakhulu, ithrekhi embi yokukhuphuka, umqansa, izihlahla, izimpande namajika abukhali. Abashayeli bamabhayisikili basezintabeni abanolwazi olunzulu bazodinga ukudlula noma ukuqhubeka nengxenye yendlela. | <80% | <80% | Amatshe agxumayo, amagatsha amakhulu asendleleni, inhlabathi enamatshe noma exegayo |
| 5 | Baphusha noma baphathele wonke umuntu. |
mtb: iladi: imba
I-International Mountain Bike Association (IMBA) ithi ingumholi womhlaba ekulweleni amabhayisikili asezintabeni futhi okuwukuphela kwenhlangano e-United States ezinikele ngokuphelele kubantu abangashadile kanye nokufinyelela kwabo.
I-Piste Difficulty Assessment System eyakhiwe yi-IMBA iyindlela eyinhloko yokuhlola ubunzima bobuchwepheshe obuhlobene be-pistes yokuzijabulisa. Uhlelo lokulinganisa ubunzima be-IMBA piste lungakwazi:
- Siza ukulandelela abasebenzisi ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi
- Khuthaza izivakashi ukuthi zisebenzise imizila efanele izinga lamakhono azo.
- Phatha Izingozi futhi Unciphise Ukulimala
- Thuthukisa umuzwa wakho wangaphandle ezinhlobonhlobo zezivakashi.
- Usizo ekuhleleni imizila kanye nezinhlelo ezishisayo
- Lolu hlelo luthathelwe ohlelweni lokumaka lwe-piste lwamazwe ngamazwe olusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokushushuluza eqhweni emhlabeni jikelele. Amasistimu emizila amaningi asebenzisa lolu hlobo lwesistimu, okuhlanganisa namanethiwekhi omzila wamabhayisikili asezintabeni ezindaweni zokungcebeleka. Uhlelo lusebenza kangcono kubagibeli bamabhayisikili ezintabeni, kodwa futhi lusebenza kwezinye izivakashi ezifana nabaqwali kanye nabagibeli bamahhashi.
Ku-IMBA, ukuhlukaniswa kwabo kusebenza kuzo zonke izindlela, kuyilapho i-OSM igcinelwe izindawo zokupaka amabhayisikili. Lesi yisihluthulelo esichaza uhlelo lokuhlukanisa oluzosetshenziselwa ukuveza ubunzima bemizila ezindaweni zokupaka amabhayisikili "BikePark". Ifanele ukuhamba ngebhayisikili ezintabeni emizileni enezithiyo zokwenziwa.
Ukuhlola imibandela yokuhlukaniswa kwe-IMBA kwanele ukuqonda isincomo se-OSM, lokhu kuhlukaniswa kunzima ukukusebenzisa emikhondweni yezilwane zasendle. Ake sithathe nje isibonelo sombandela othi “Amabhuloho”, obonakala sengathi usebenza ngokuphelele ezindleleni zokupaka amabhayisikili okwenziwa.
